| The Right Honourable James Brendan Bolger ONZ |
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| In office 2 November 1990 – 8 December 1997 (7 years) |
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| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor–General | Dame Catherine Tizard Sir Michael Hardie Boys |
| Deputy | Don McKinnon (1990 - 1996) Winston Peters (1996 - 1997) |
| Preceded by | Mike Moore |
| Succeeded by | Jenny Shipley |
| Constituency | King Country; later renamed Taranaki-King Country |
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| In office 26 March 1986 – 2 November 1990 |
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| Preceded by | Jim McLay |
| Succeeded by | Mike Moore |
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| Born | 31 May 1935 Taranaki, New Zealand |
| Political party | National |
| Spouse | Joan Riddell (married in 1963) |
| Children | Nine |
| Profession | Politician, businessman |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
James Brendan "Jim" Bolger, ONZ (born 31 May 1935) was Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1990 to 1997. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's Head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Dame Catherine Anne Tizard, ONZ, GCMG, GCVO, DBE, QSO (née MacLean) (born April 4, 1931) was Sir Michael Hardie Boys, GNZM, GCMG, QSO (born 1931 is a New Zealand jurist and was the country's 17th Governor-General, from Donald Charles McKinnon, ONZ (born February 27, 1939) is a former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of New Winston Raymond Peters (born April 11, 1945) is a New Zealand politician and leader of New Zealand First, a Political party he Michael Kenneth Moore ONZ (known as Mike Moore, born 28 January 1949) is a Politician from New Zealand who has served both Jennifer Mary Shipley, DCNZM, (born 4 February 1952, Gore New Zealand) was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from December The King Country is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. Taranaki-King Country is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives The Leader of the Opposition in New Zealand is the politician who at least in theory commands the support of the non-government bloc of members in the New Zealand Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) James Kenneth McLay, CNZM, QSO (born 21 February 1945) generally known as Jim McLay, is a former New Zealand politician Michael Kenneth Moore ONZ (known as Mike Moore, born 28 January 1949) is a Politician from New Zealand who has served both Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Geography and people Taranaki is situated on the west coast of the North Island surrounding the volcanic peak New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The New Zealand National Party ("National" or "the Nats" currently forms the second-largest (in terms of parliamentary seats Political party The Order of New Zealand is the highest honour in New Zealand 's honours system, created "to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's Head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in
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Early life
Bolger was born in Opunake, Taranaki to emigrants from Gorey, County Wexford, Ireland. Geography and people Taranaki is situated on the west coast of the North Island surrounding the volcanic peak This article is about the town in Ireland For the artist see Edward Gorey, for the town in Jersey please see Gorey Jersey Gorey County Wexford (Contae Loch Garman is a maritime county in the southeast of Ireland, in the province of Leinster. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world He left school at age 15 to work on the family farm. [1].
Member of Parliament
Bolger entered politics in 1972 as the New Zealand National Party member of Parliament for the King Country electorate. The New Zealand general election of 1972 was held to elect MPs to the 37th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The New Zealand National Party ("National" or "the Nats" currently forms the second-largest (in terms of parliamentary seats Political party The Parliament of New Zealand consists of the Queen of New Zealand and the New Zealand House of Representatives and until 1951 the New Zealand Legislative Council The King Country is a former New Zealand Parliamentary electorate. He represented this electorate, which was renamed Taranaki-King Country in 1996, until his retirement in 1998. Taranaki-King Country is a New Zealand Parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives In 1975 he was made a cabinet minister under Prime Minister Robert Muldoon, serving first as Minister of Fisheries and later as Minister of Agriculture. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sir Robert David ("Rob" Muldoon, GCMG, CH ( 25 September 1921 &ndash 5 August 1992) served as Prime Minister
After the defeat of National at the 1984 general elections, Bolger and deputy leader Jim McLay challenged Muldoon for the leadership of the party. The 1984 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the 41st New Zealand Parliament. James Kenneth McLay, CNZM, QSO (born 21 February 1945) generally known as Jim McLay, is a former New Zealand politician McLay succeeded. In 1986 Bolger made a second attempt for the party leadership, and unseated Jim McLay as leader. James Kenneth McLay, CNZM, QSO (born 21 February 1945) generally known as Jim McLay, is a former New Zealand politician Following an unsuccessful election for National in 1987, National under Bolger went on to win the biggest landslide in New Zealand history in 1990. The 1987 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. The 1990 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament 's 43rd term. As a result, Bolger became Prime Minister.
Prime Minister
Economic policy
Bolger's government initially continued the economic and social reforms of the previous Labour government, with Finance Minister Ruth Richardson implementing drastic cuts in public spending, particularly in health and welfare. The Fourth National Government of New Zealand was the government of New Zealand from 2 November 1990 to 27 November 1999 The Minister of Finance is a senior figure within the Government of New Zealand. Ruth Richardson (born December 13 1950) served as New Zealand 's Minister of Finance from 1990 to 1993 and is known for her strong pursuit Following the close 1993 general election, Bolger demoted Richardson to the back benches, and appointed Bill Birch, who was seen as more moderate. The 1993 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the New Zealand Parliament. Sir William Francis Birch, GNZM, (born 9 April 1934) usually known as Bill Birch, is a former New Zealand politician
Foreign policy
In addition, Bolger's government continued the previous Labour government's anti-nuclear policy. The New Zealand Labour Party is a New Zealand political party
Electoral reform
In spite of his party's opposition, Bolger held a referendum on whether or not New Zealand should change from the British style electoral system of 'first past the post' to one of proportional representation. Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes In 1992, New Zealanders voted to change to the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) system. Mixed member proportional representation, also termed mixed-member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP, is an ' additional member ' This was confirmed in a binding referendum held at the same time as the 1993 general election, which National won. Bolger had originally proposed a return to a bicameral system, with an elected Senate, but this proposal was dropped in the face of support for electoral reform. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Parliament of New Zealand consists of the Queen of New Zealand and the New Zealand House of Representatives and until 1951 the New Zealand Legislative Council
Republicanism
In 1994 Bolger caused surprise by suggesting that New Zealand should reform is status as a constitutional monarchy and became a republic, as had been suggested in Australia by Labor Prime Minister Paul Keating. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> New Zealand Republicanism in New Zealand is a movement to change the country's current status as a Commonwealth realm and Constitutional monarchy to that of a Commonwealth Paul John Keating (born 18 January 1944 was the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, from 1991 to 1996 Bolger denied that his views relate to his Irish heritage. [2] Bolger's call for a republic was publicly disavowed by three Cabinet ministers (John Carter, John Banks and Simon Upton), and support for a republic remained around one third of the population. John McGregor Carter ( 8 May 1950 -) is a New Zealand politician and member of the National Party. John Archibald Banks QSO (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician Simon David Upton, QSO (Born 7 February 1958) is a former New Zealand politician and member of Parliament from 1981 to 2001 Proposals to end the status of the Privy Council as the country's highest court of appeal also failed to gain popular support, however the current Labour government abolished the right of appeal in 2003. A privy council is a body that advises the Head of state of a nation on how to exercise their executive authority, typically but not always in the context of a Bolger's government also ended the awarding of British honours in 1996, introducing a New Zealand Honours System. The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals' personal bravery achievement or service to the United Kingdom. The New Zealand Royal Honours system is the system of orders decorations and medals which are awarded to recognise achievements of or service by New Zealanders or others in connection At a conference on the "Bolger years" in 2007, Bolger recalled speaking to the Queen about the issue of New Zealand becoming a republic: "I have more than once spoken with Her Majesty about my view that New Zealand would at some point elect its own Head of State, we discussed the matter in a most sensible way and she was in no way surprised or alarmed and neither did she cut my head off. "[3]
MMP politics
In 1996 New Zealand had its first election under MMP, and Bolger became caretaker Prime Minister until a coalition with a majority in parliament could be formed. A coalition is an alliance among individuals during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own Self-interest. Both Bolger and Labour leader Helen Clark sought the support of New Zealand First, which held the balance of power in the new House. Helen Elizabeth Clark (born 26 February 1950 is the 37th and current Prime Minister of New Zealand. New Zealand First is a Political party in New Zealand. It has had members in the New Zealand House of Representatives since 1993 Its leader, Winston Peters, had left the National Party to form his own party, and opposed many of the free-market reforms implemented by National, and Labour before it. Winston Raymond Peters (born April 11, 1945) is a New Zealand politician and leader of New Zealand First, a Political party he In December of that year a coalition was formed between National and New Zealand First, with Peters being appointed to the new post of Treasurer (senior to the already existing post of Finance Minister, which was given to National's Bill Birch). The Minister of Finance is a senior figure within the Government of New Zealand. Sir William Francis Birch, GNZM, (born 9 April 1934) usually known as Bill Birch, is a former New Zealand politician
Treaty of Waitangi settlements
Bolgers' government also settled three major claims under the Treaty of Waitangi. Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements have been a significant feature of New Zealand race relations and politics since 1975 The Treaty of Waitangi ( Māori: Tiriti o Waitangi) is a Treaty first signed on February 6, 1840, by representatives of the British Largely due to the work of Bolger's Minister of Justice and Treaty Negotiations, Sir Douglas Graham, the Ngāi Tahu, Waikato-Tainui and fisheries settlements were reached. Sir Douglas Arthur Montrose "Doug" Graham KNZM (Born 12 January 1942) is a former New Zealand politician Ngāi Tahu, or Kāi Tahu, the principal Māori Iwi (tribe of the southern region of New Zealand, has its tribal authority (Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tainui is a tribal waka confederation of New Zealand Māori Iwi. However, the creation of the so-called "fiscal envelope" of $1 billion for all settlements of claims - an effective limit on what the Crown would pay out in settlements - by the Bolger government was an unpopular move with Māori. The New Zealand dollar ( sign: $; code: NZD) is the Currency of New Zealand.
Resignation
Growing opposition to Bolger's slow pace led Transport Minister Jenny Shipley to stage a caucus coup in 1997. Jennifer Mary Shipley, DCNZM, (born 4 February 1952, Gore New Zealand) was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from December Bolger was out of the country at the time, and when he returned he found that he didn't have enough support in his caucus to remain as party leader and prime minister. He resigned on 8 December, and Shipley became New Zealand's first woman prime minister. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. He was subsequently made a junior minister in Shipley's government.
Life after politics
He retired as MP for Taranaki-King Country in 1998, prompting a by-election in that electorate and was subsequently appointed to the position of Ambassador to the United States, at which he served until 2001. The Taranaki-King Country by-election was a By-election in the New Zealand electorate of Taranaki-King Country, a large and predominantly rural district The United States of America —commonly referred to as the On his return to New Zealand, he was appointed Chairman of the state-owned Kiwibank as well as New Zealand Post, both of which he is still chairman of today. Kiwibank Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of the State-owned enterprise New Zealand Post Limited. New Zealand Post Limited is the dominant Postal operator in New Zealand. He also chairs Express Couriers Ltd, Trustees Executors Ltd, the Gas Company Ltd, the Advisory Board of the World Agricultural Forum, St. Louis, USA, the New Zealand United States Council, and the Board of Directors of the Ian Axford Fellowships in Public Policy. Bolger was made a member of the Order of New Zealand in 1997. The Order of New Zealand is the highest honour in New Zealand 's honours system, created "to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand
Bolger was elected Chancellor of Waikato University on 14 February 2007, succeeding John Jackman. The University of Waikato ( Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato) is located in Hamilton and Tauranga, New Zealand, and was established in 1964 In April 2007 Bolger revealed at a conference he is suffering from a painful nerve disease called trigeminal neuralgia, a non-life threatening condition. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN, or Tic Doloureux, (also known as prosopalgia is a neuropathic disorder of the Trigeminal nerve that causes episodes of intense
Bolger and his wife, Joan, are Roman Catholics with nine children. Bolger voted pro-life whenever the issue came up in a conscience vote. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation
External links
Trivia
- Bolger was quasi-affectionately nicknamed "Spud" because of his facial features and Irish ancestry. The Royal New Zealand Air Force nicknamed his Boeing 727 "Spud One". The Royal New Zealand Air Force ( RNZAF) is the air arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Spud One was an informal name adopted by Civil servants for the Boeing 727 aircraft of No Bolger disliked the "Spud" tag but he answered to it when journalist Bill Ralston addressed him in a press conference, "Yo, Spud".
- During a public appearance with an Irish Prime Minister, Bolger (who tended to mirror those he was talking to) embarrassingly spoke in an Irish accent. The Taoiseach (ˈtiːʃəx in English t̪ˠiːʃʲəx (plural Taoisigh ( or) in Irish) also referred to as An Taoiseach ( t̪ˠiːʃʲəx is the the
See also
References
- ^ Michael Bassett (December 1997). Republicanism in New Zealand is a movement to change the country's current status as a Commonwealth realm and Constitutional monarchy to that of a Commonwealth For the British screenwriter and director see Michael J Bassett Michael Edward Rainton Bassett, QSO (b Jim Bolger biography. Retrieved on 2007-07-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England.
- ^ Jim Bolger (1998). Bolger: A view from the top - my seven years as Prime Minister. Viking.
- ^ Maggie Tait. Bolger told Queen monarchy's time numbered. Retrieved on 2007-04-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated
| Persondata | |
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| NAME | Bolger, James Brendan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bolger, Jim |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Prime Minister of New Zealand, politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 31, 1935 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Taranaki, New Zealand |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
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