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  ?Jharkhand
India
Map indicating the location of Jharkhand
Location of Jharkhand
 Ranchi 
Coordinates: 23°25′N 85°20′E / 23.42, 85.33
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area 79,700 km² (30,772 sq mi)
Capital Ranchi
Largest city Jamshedpur
District(s) 22
Population
• Density		 26,909,428 (13th)
• 338 /km² (875 /sq mi)
Language(s) Hindi
Governor Syed Sibtey Razi
Chief Minister Madhu Koda
Established 2000-11-15
Legislature (seats) Unicameral (81)
ISO abbreviation IN-JH
Website: www.jharkhand.gov.in
Seal of Jharkhand
Seal of Jharkhand

Coordinates: 23°25′N 85°20′E / 23.42, 85.33

Jharkhand pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: झाड़खण्ड, Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ড,IPA: [dʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ]) is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Jamshedpur ( जमशेदपुर in Devanagari) is a city located in the state of Jharkhand in India, founded by the late Jamshedji A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Syed Sibtey Razi ( March 7, 1939 -) is an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress, and is current the governor of Jharkhand Chief Ministers of Jharkhand See also Jharkhand Madhu Koda (born January 6 1971 in Patahatu, West Singhbhum) is an Indian politician who was Chief Minister of Jharkhand The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar state on 15 November 2000. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Uttar Pradesh (उत्तर प्रदेश اتر پردیش pronounced, Translation: Northern Province) referred to as '''U Chhattisgarh ( Chhattisgarhi / Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़ tʃʰət̪t̪iːsgəɽʰ, a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India.

The industrial city of Ranchi is its capital. Some of the other major cities and industrial centers are Jamshedpur, Bokaro, Sindri, Gumla, Deoghar, Hazaribagh, Ramgarh Cantt, Dhanbad and Chaibasa. Jamshedpur ( जमशेदपुर in Devanagari) is a city located in the state of Jharkhand in India, founded by the late Jamshedji Bokaro Steel City (In Hindi: बोकारो स्टील सिटि, is the home of one of the largest steel plant in India, and several other medium Sindri is a town in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Overview Sindri is a small township in the Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gumla (गुमला is a town which is also headquarters of Gumla district of Jharkhand WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Deoghar is the headquarters city of Deoghar District in the Santhal Parganas division of the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Hazaribagh (हजारीबाग is a city and a Municipality in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ramgarh Cantonment is a Cantonment town in Ramgarh district in the Indian Dhanbad (धनबाद is a city of Jharkhand Dhanbad is also the administrative headquarter of Dhanbad district and Dhanbad Municipal Corporation (DMC WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chaibasa is a city and a Municipality in Pashchimi Singhbhum district in the state of

The name Jharkhand comes from the sanskrit Jharikhanda which is the ancient name of the regions dense forest - Jharikhanda. The inhabitants are worshipers of Lord Rama.

Jharkhand is famed for its mineral wealth and forestry products.

Jharkhand is now advancing economically much faster than its northern neighbor, Bihar. Jharkhand's poverty rate declined 2% per year from 1994-2002. Unlike some other Indian states, Jharkhand's reduction in pverty was faster in the rural areas than in the urban ones. Its percentage of immunized children grew from 9% in 1998-99 to nearly 50% now, according to UNICEF. Jharkhand has made primary education so accessible that 95% of children ages 6-11 are enrolled in school as opposed to 56% in 1993-94.

Contents

History

The demand for a separate Jharkhand state can be traced back to the early 1900s, when Jaipal Singh, an Indian Hockey captain and Olympian, suggested the idea of a separate state consisting of the southern districts of Bihar. Jaipal Singh Munda ( January 3, 1903 &ndash March 20, 1970) was a Munda tribal man who captained the Indian Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The idea did not become a reality, however, until August 2, 2000, when the Parliament of India passed the Bihar Reorganisation Bill to create the state of Jharkhand, carving 18 districts out of Bihar to form Jharkhand state on 15 November 2000. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It became the 28th state of India.

However, according to some historians, there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. Magadha (मगध formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas ( Sanskrit, "great countries" or regions in ancient India. In the ancient days the northern portion of Jharkhand state was a tributary to Magadha(ancient Bihar) Empire and souther part was a tributary to Kalinga(ancient Orissa) Empire. Magadha (मगध formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas ( Sanskrit, "great countries" or regions in ancient India. Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Kalinga is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. According to a legend, Raja Jai Singh Deo of Orissa was accepted as the ruler of Jharkhand by its people in the 13th century. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. The Singh Deo's of Orissa have been very instrumental in the early history of Jharkhand. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. The local tribal heads had developed into barbaric dictators who could govern the province neither fairly nor justly. Consequently, the people of this state approached the more powerful rulers of Jharkhand's neighbouring states who were perceived to have a more fair and just governance. This became the turning point in the history of the region wherein rulers from Orissa moved in with their armies and created states that were governed for the benefit of the people and involved their participation, thus ending the barbarism that had marked the region for centuries. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. The good tribal rulers continued to thrive and were known as the Munda Rajas, and exist to this day. (These are regions which are still semi- autonomous, the degree of autonomy depending on the size of each specific Munda Raja's domain. ) Later, during the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara. After the year 1765, it came under the control of the British Empire and became formally known under its present title, "Jharkhand" - the Land of "Jungles" (forests) and "Jharis" (bushes). The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Located on Chhota Nagpur Plateau and Santhal Parganas, has evergreen forests, rolling hills and rocky plateaus with many places of keen beauty like Lodh Falls. The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, Santhal Parganas constitute one of the administrative Divisions of Jharkhand state India. Lodh Falls (also know as Buddha Ghagh Falls) is located on the Budha River, 40 km from Ranchi (called the city of waterfalls and 60 km from Netarhat

The subjugation and colonization of Jharkhand region by the British East India Company resulted in spontaneous resistance from the local people. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or Almost one hundred years before India’s First War of Independence (1857), adivasis of Jharkhand were already beginning what would become a series of repeated revolts against the British colonial rule:

All of these uprisings were quelled by the British through massive deployment of troops across the region.

In 1914 the Tana Bhagat resistance movement started, which gained the participation of more than 26,000 adivasis, and eventually merged with Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha and Civil Disobedience movement. Ādivāsīs (in Devanagari script: आदिवासी literally "original inhabitants" comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Satyagraha ( Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह satyāgraha) is a philosophy and practice of Nonviolent resistance developed by Mohandas Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain Laws demands and commands of a Government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical

Geography and climate

Most of the state lies on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which is the source of the Koel, Damodar, Brahmani, Kharkai, and Subarnarekha rivers, whose upper watersheds lie within Jharkhand. The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, Damodar River (দামোদর নদ originates near Chandwa village Palamau district on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in The Brahmani River is a river in Orissa state of eastern India. The Subarnarekha river flows through Indian states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Orissa. Much of the state is still covered by forest. Forest preserves support populations of tigers and Asian Elephants. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus The Asian or Asiatic Elephant ( Elephas maximus) sometimes known by the name of one of its subspecies &ndash the Indian Elephant, is one of

Soil content of Jharkhand state mainly consist of soil formed from disintegration of rocks and stones, and soil composition is further divided into:

  1. Red soil, found mostly in the Damodar valley, and Rajmahal area
  2. Micacious soil (containing particles of mica), found in Koderma, Jhumeritilaiya, Barkagaon, and areas around the Mandar hill
  3. Sandy soil, generally found in Hazaribagh and Dhanbad
  4. Black soil, found in Rajmahal area
  5. Laterite soil, found in western part of Ranchi, Palamu, and parts of Santhal Parganas and Singhbhum

Flora and fauna

Jharkhand has a rich variety of flora and fauna. Soil classification deals with the systematic categorization of Soils based on distinguishing characteristics as well as criteria that dictate choices in use Damodar River (দামোদর নদ originates near Chandwa village Palamau district on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajmahal is a city and a notified area in Sahibganj district in the Indian state Chernozem (чернозём black soil) also known as "black land" or "black earth" is a black-coloured Soil containing a very high percentage Santhal Parganas constitute one of the administrative Divisions of Jharkhand state India. Singhbhum was sometime a large district in the present-day Indian state of Bihar. In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time The National Parks and the Zoological Gardens located in the state of Jharkhand present a panorama of this variety.

Betla National Park (Palamu), 25 km from Daltonganj covers an area of about 250 square kilometres. TemplateInfobox Indian Jurisdiction for details --> Daltonganj is a town in Jharkhand state of India. The national park has a large variety of wild life like tigers, elephants, bisons locally called gaurs, sambhars, hundreds of wild boar and 15 to 20 feet (6. The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. This is an article about an animal For other uses see Bison (disambiguation. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. 1 m) long python, herds of spotted deer (cheetals), rabbits and foxes. Common names pythons The Pythonidae are a family of non- Venomous Snakes found in Africa, Asia A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world A fox is an Animal belonging to any one of about 27 Species (of which only 12 actually belong to the Vulpes genus or 'true foxes' of small The mammalian fauna to be seen at Betla National Park also include langurs, rhesus, blue bull and wild boars. Colobinae is a subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 58 Species in 10 genera, including the Skunk -like Black-and-white The Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta) often called the Rhesus Monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys Adult males measure Blue bull redirects here For the South African Rugby union team see Blue Bulls. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The lesser mammals are the porcupine, hare, wild cats, honey badgers, jackals, Malabar giant squirrel, mongoose, wolf, antelope, etc. Porcupines are Rodents with a coat of sharp spines or quills that defend them from predators Hares and jackrabbits are Leporids belonging to the Genus Lepus. The Wildcat ( Felis silvestris) sometimes Wild Cat or Wild-cat, is a small felid native to Europe, the western part of Asia A jackal (from Turkish çakal, via Persian shaghal ultimately from Sanskrit sṛgālaḥ) is a member of any of three Malabar (മലബാര്‍ is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. A squirrel is one of the many small or medium-sized Rodents in the family Sciuridae. A mongoose (plural mongooses) is a member of the family Herpestidae (although also used for some members of Eupleridae) a family of small Recent genetic research suggests that the Indian Wolf, originally considered only as a subpopulation of the Iranian Wolf ( Canis lupus pallipes) may represent Antelope are Ruminant hoofed Mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of Even-toed ungulates. In 1974, the park was declared Project Tiger Reserve. Project Tiger is a Wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers It was launched on April 1

Part of the reason for the variety and diversity of flora and fauna found in Jharkhand state may be accredited to the Project Tiger Reserve of Palamu, which is abode to hundreds of species of flora and fauna [1], as indicated within brackets: mammal (39), Snakes (8), Lizards (4), Fish (6), Insects (21), Birds (170), seed bearing Plants and Tress (97) , Shrubs and Herbs (46), Climbers, Parasites and semi-Parasites (25), and Grasses and Bamboo (17). Project Tiger is a Wildlife conservation project initiated in India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers It was launched on April 1 Palamau is a district of Jharkhand state India. The district lies between 23°50&prime and 24°8&prime north Latitude and between 83°55&prime

The Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, with scenic beauties, 135 km from Ranchi, is set in an ecosystem very similar to Betla National Park of Palamu.

One Zoological Garden is also located about 16 km from Ranchi, and a number of mammalian fauna have been collected there for visitors. A zoological garden, shortened to zoo, is an institution in which living animals are exhibited in captivity

Demographics

Jharkhand has a population of 26. 90 million, consisting of 13. 86 million males and 13. 04 million females. The sex ratio is 941 females to 1000 males. In Anthropology and Demography, the human sex ratio is the Sex ratio for Homo sapiens (i The population consists of 28% tribals, 12% Scheduled Castes and 60% others. Scheduled Castes ("SC"s and Scheduled Tribes ("ST"s are Indian population groupings that are explicitly recognized by the Constitution of There are 274 persons for each square kilometer of land. However, the population density varies considerably from as low as 148 per square kilometer in Gumla district to as high as 1167 per square kilometer in Dhanbad district. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume Around 10% of the population is Bengali speaking and 70% speak various dialect of Hindi. [2]

Jharkhand has remained a home to a number of tribal communities since time immemorial. In fact, in some of the districts of Jharkhand, the tribal population predominates over the non-tribal one. Jharkhand has 32 tribal groups. These are the Asur, Baiga, Banjara, Bathudi, Bedia, Binjhia, Birhor, Birjia, Chero, Chick-Baraik, Gond, Gorait, Ho, Karmali, Kharwar, Khond, Kisan, Kora, Korwa, Lohra, Mahli, Mal-Paharia, Munda, Oraon, Parhaiya, Santal, Sauria-Paharia, Savar, Bhumij, Kol and Kanwar. Banjara is a community in India spread in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Bedia is a town and Municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain. Birhor people are a tribal / Adivasi forest people traditionally nomadic, living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand The Gondi (Gōndi are a people in central India. The Gondi or Gond people are spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra Ho people are a tribal / Adivasi people living primarily in the Indian state of Jharkhand, mostly in the old Singhbhum district Khonds, or Kandhs are an aboriginal tribe of India, inhabiting the tributary states of Orissa and Srikakulam, in the Vizianagaram Kisan Tribe in Orissa are found in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj Sambalpur and Keonjhar Korwa people are one of the primitive tribes in India They live in hills and forest of Chhotanagpur; the bordering area of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. Lohra is a community in Marburg-Biedenkopf district in the administrative region of Gießen in Hesse Germany. Mahli is the name of a tribe mostly residing in Santhal Parganas, and certain other regions of Jharkhand, India. The Munda are a tribal (Adivasi people of the Jharkhand region which is spread over on five states of India ( Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal The Santals (also spelled as Santhal; formerly also Sonthal are the largest tribal community in India, found mainly in the states of West Bengal, The Kol people is a generic name for the Munda, Ho, and Oraon tribes (Adivasi of eastern India who live in the states

The geographical area now comprising Jharkhand was previously part of Bihar. The area has witnessed migration of people from the adjoining areas of Bihar and West Bengal for last several decades. Industrial and mining centres like Jamshedpur, Dhanbad and Ranchi have attracted people from all parts of India. Jharkhand's poverty rate, while still high by Indian standards, has declined by 2% per year between the period of 1994-2002.

Hinduism is the majority religion in the state, with 68. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. 5% of the population practicing the faith. Islam is followed by 13. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. 8% of the population, followed by Animisitic Sarna religion which comprises 13% of the population. Small activating RNA (saRNA molecules can induce target gene expression in a phenomenon referred to as dsRNA-induced transcriptional activation ( RNAa) Christianity with 4. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 1% of the population makes the fourth largest religious community in Jharkahnd. Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism are all practised making few less than 1%. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century [3]

See also: Tribes of Jharkhand

Economy

Jharkhand's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $14 billion at current prices. Jharkhand State in India is rich in tribal population There are 32 types of tribe inhabiting the state Born out of partition from old Bihar state in 2000, Jharkhand produces about 70% of the output of the old Bihar state. Since it is rich in minerals, the state per capita income is likely to increase in the coming years.

Jharkhand has a concentration of some of the country’s highly industrialized cities such as Jamshedpur, Ranchi, Bokaro and Dhanbad. Jamshedpur ( जमशेदपुर in Devanagari) is a city located in the state of Jharkhand in India, founded by the late Jamshedji Dhanbad (धनबाद is a city of Jharkhand Dhanbad is also the administrative headquarter of Dhanbad district and Dhanbad Municipal Corporation (DMC It also has several firsts in India, including:

Jharkhand also has immense mineral resources: minerals ranging from (ranking in the country within bracket) from iron ore (1st), coal (3rd), copper ore (1st), mica (1st), bauxite (3rd), Manganese, limestone, china clay, fire clay, graphite (8th), kainite (1st), chromite (2nd), asbestos (1st), thorium (3rd), sillimanite, uranium (Jaduguda mines, Narwa Pahar) (1st) and even gold (Rakha mines) (6th) and silver and several other minerals. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 An ore is a volume of rock containing components or Minerals in a mode of occurrence that renders it valuable for mining Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 The word "mica" is thought to be derived from the Latin word la micare, "glitteren" in reference to the brilliant appearance of this mineral (especially Bauxite is the most important Aluminium Ore. It consists largely of the minerals Gibbsite Al(OH3 Boehmite γ-AlO(OH and Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Kaolinite is a Clay mineral with the chemical composition Al 2 Si 2 O 5( OH)4 Fire clay is a specific kind of Clay used in the manufacture of Ceramics especially Fire brick. The Mineral graphite, as with Diamond and Fullerene, is one of the Allotropes of carbon. Kainite ( Mg[[sulfur S]] O 4· K[[chlorine Cl]]·3 H2O) is a Mineral Salt that consists of Potassium Chromite is iron magnesium chromium oxide (Fe MgCr2O4 It is an Oxide Mineral belonging to the Spinel group Asbestos is a group of Minerals with long thin fibrous Crystals The word "asbestos" (῾ἀσβεστος is derived from a Greek adjective Thorium (ˈθɔːriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Th and Atomic number 90 Sillimanite also called Bucholzite is an alumino-silicate Mineral with the Chemical formula Al2SiO5 Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Large deposits of coal and iron ore support concentration of industry, in centers like Jamshedpur, Bokaro and Ranchi. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Jamshedpur ( जमशेदपुर in Devanagari) is a city located in the state of Jharkhand in India, founded by the late Jamshedji Bokaro Steel City (In Hindi: बोकारो स्टील सिटि, is the home of one of the largest steel plant in India, and several other medium Tata Steel, a S&P CNX 500 conglomerate has its corporate office in Jharkhand. It reported a gross income of Rs. 204,910 million for 2005.

Government and politics

The state is headed by a Governor, who is appointed by the President of India. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit However, the real executive power rests with the Chief Minister and the cabinet. A Chief Minister is the elected Head of government of a sub-national (e The political party or the coalition of political parties having majority in the Legislative Assembly forms the Government. Legislative Assembly is the name given in some countries to either a Legislature, or to one of its chambers.

The administrative head of the State is called Chief Secretary, under whose jurisdiction a hierarchy of officials drawn from the Indian Administrative Service / State Civil Services function. The Indian Administrative Service ( IAS) is the administrative Civil service of the Indian government.

The judiciary is headed by a Chief Justice and Jharkhand has a separate High Court, located in Ranchi. In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth or other countries with an Anglo-Saxon justice system based on English India 's judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India at the apex of the hierarchy for the entire country and twenty-one High Courts at the

Jharkand is one of the thirteen states in which the Naxalite rebels have considerable influence. Naxalite or Naxalism is an informal name given to Communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet split in the Indian communist movement

On 5 March 2007, Sunil Mahato, a member of the national parliament was shot dead by Naxalite rebels while watching a football match on the Hindu festival of Holi near Kishanpur, some 160km (100 miles) east of state capital, Ranchi. Sunil Kumar Mahato ( 11 January 1966 &ndash 4 March 2007) was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha of India. Naxalite or Naxalism is an informal name given to Communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet split in the Indian communist movement [4]

Chief Ministers of Jharkhand

From To Name Party
20 November 2000 18 March 2003 Babulal Marandi BJP
18 March 2003 2 March 2005 Arjun Munda BJP
2 March 2005 12 March 2005 Sibu Soren JMM
12 March 2005 18 September 2006 Arjun Munda BJP
18 September 2006 Present Madhu Koda Independent

Ministry

Currently, there are 12 ministers and about 40 departments, leading to the ministers holding posts in various departments. Babu Lal Marandi (born 11 January, 1958) was the first Chief Minister of Jharkhand. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Arjun Munda (born January 5, 1968 in Khrangajhar Jamshedpur) is a former Chief Minister of Jharkhand, a state of India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Shibu Soren (born 11 January 1944) is an Indian politician who is the current Chief Minister of Jharkhand state in India. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (झारखंड मुक्ति मोर्चा is a political party in India. Arjun Munda (born January 5, 1968 in Khrangajhar Jamshedpur) is a former Chief Minister of Jharkhand, a state of India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Madhu Koda (born January 6 1971 in Patahatu, West Singhbhum) is an Indian politician who was Chief Minister of Jharkhand A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. In the Terminology of Political geography and Historiography a National department (département departamento is an administrative

Administrative districts

The state was formed with 18 districts, which were formerly part of south Bihar. Madhu Koda (born January 6 1971 in Patahatu, West Singhbhum) is an Indian politician who was Chief Minister of Jharkhand Some of these districts were reorganized to form 6 new districts, namely, Latehar, Saraikela Kharsawan, Jamtara, Sahebgunj, Khunti and Ramgarh. Presently, the state has 24 districts Districts of Jharkhand:

  1. Ranchi
  2. Lohardaga
  3. Gumla
  4. Simdega
  5. Palamu
  6. Latehar
  7. Garhwa
  8. West Singhbhum
  9. Seraikela Kharsawan
  10. East Singhbhum
  11. Dumka
  12. Jamtara
  13. Sahebganj
  14. Pakur
  15. Godda
  16. Hazaribagh
  17. Chatra
  18. Koderma
  19. Giridih
  20. Dhanbad
  21. Bokaro
  22. Deoghar
  23. Khunti
  24. Ramgarh

See also:District-wise Map

Language, literature & culture

Jharkhand is home to a number of languages belonging to three major language families. Jharkhand, a state of India, has twenty-two administrative districts Ranchi district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Ranchi (city is the district headquarters and also the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Lohardaga is a town which is also the district headquarters of Lohardaga district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gumla (गुमला is a town which is also headquarters of Gumla district of Jharkhand WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Simdega is a settlement in India, a District Headquarters of the Simdega District to the Palamau is a district of Jharkhand state India. The district lies between 23°50&prime and 24°8&prime north Latitude and between 83°55&prime WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Latehar is a town which is also headquarters of Latehar district of Jharkhand WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Garhwa is a city and a Municipality in and headquarters of Garhwa district in the state of Seraikela Kharsawan is one of the districts of Jharkhand state India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dumka is a city and a Municipality in and headquarters of Dumka district in the state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jamtara is a city and a notified area in Jamtara district in the Indian state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sahebganj (also spelt as Sahibganj is the district headquarters of Sahebganj district of Jharkhand WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pakur is the district headquarters of Pakur District, Jharkhand state, India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Godda is a city and a Municipality in Godda district in the Indian state Hazaribagh district is one of the districts of Jharkhand state India, and Hazaribagh town is the district headquarters For the town in Bangladesh see Chatra Bangladesh. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chatra is a city and a Giridih ( Hindi: गिरिडीह Bengali: গিরিডি is headquarters of the Giridih district of Jharkhand state India Dhanbad (धनबाद is a city of Jharkhand Dhanbad is also the administrative headquarter of Dhanbad district and Dhanbad Municipal Corporation (DMC Bokaro district is one of the twenty-two districts of Jharkhand state India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Deoghar is the headquarters city of Deoghar District in the Santhal Parganas division of the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khunti is the headquarters of Khunti district in the Indian state of Jharkhand WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ramgarh Cantonment is a Cantonment town in Ramgarh district in the Indian Indo-Aryan languages include Angika,Bhojpuri,Khortha, Nagpuri, Sadri, Hindi, Urdu, Oriya and Bengali. The Indo-Aryan languages (within the context of Indo-European studies also Indic) are a branch of the Indo-European language family Angika (Dev अङ्गिका or अंगिका is a language of the Anga region of India, a 58000 km² area that falls within the states of Bhojpuri ( is a regional language spoken in parts of north-central and eastern India. Sadri is a branch of Prakrit language and is regarded as the sister languages of Oriya, Bengali and Angika, spoken in Indian state of Jharkhand see Sadri language for the Bihari language WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Sadri (सादडी is a city Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Oriya (ଓଡ଼ିଆ oṛiā) is one of the Indian Languages mainly spoken in the Indian state of Orissa. Jharkhand is also home to the Munda languages, Kurmali, Korku, Santhali, Mundari, Bhumij, Kharia and Ho, and the Dravidian languages Korwa, Oraon(Kurukh) and Paharia (Malto). The Munda languages are a Language family spoken by about nine million people in central and eastern India and Bangladesh. Korku is a little-known Tribe of Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in India. Santali is a Language in the Munda subfamily of Austro-Asiatic, related to Ho and Mundari. Kharia can refer to one of the tribal ( Adivasi) group of people living in Jharkhand and Orissa states India or to the Austro-Asiatic The Dravidian family of languages includes approximately 73 languages (including the four literary languages of Tamil, Telugu, Kannada WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Korwa is a Census town in Sultanpur district in the Indian state of Mal Paharia, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 60000 of 111000 ethnic Mal Paharia in the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal in The primary languages are Hindi and English. A fair part of the state population speaks Oriya and Bengali or blend of Oriya and Bengali language. In whole of Santhal Parganas area Angika is the primary language for communication.

Social infrastructure

Health

On account of salubrious climate, Jharkhand, particularly its capital Ranchi, has been like a health resort. As far back as 1918, facilities were set up for treatment of mentally challenged – Central Institute of Psychiatry[5], Ranchi. Developmental disability is a term used to describe life-long disabilities attributable to mental and/or physical or combination of mental and physical impairments

In certain areas of Jharkhand, poverty and consequent malnutrition have given rise to diseases like tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common In fact, TB has assumed epidemic proportions in certain areas of the state. In Epidemiology, an epidemic (from Greek epi- upon + demos people is a classification of a disease that appears as new cases in a For management and treatment of such diseases, organizations like Ramakrishna Mission through Ramakrishna Mission Tuberculosis Sanatorium[6] (set up in 1948), Ranchi, has been doing exemplary work, and supplementing the efforts of the Government and other agencies. The Ramakrishna Mission is a philanthropic volunteer organization founded by Sri Ramakrishna 's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on May 1, 1897 Likewise, in the field of treatment of cancer, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur,[7] is rendering pioneering work. In the same way Bokaro General Hospital equipped with modern facilities for the treatment Cancer and heart related problems with capacity of 1100 beds one of the largest in eastern India.

Although several public and private health facilities are available in the state, overall infrastructure for dispensing health related services require improvements. An exception is the famous Tata Motors Hospital which is an example of a ISO 14001 and 18001 certified hospital with DNB teaching facilities.

Veterinary

Jharkhand has a diverse population of animal wealth. Mostly local and crossbred cattle, black bengal goat, chhotanagpuri sheep, murrah and local Buffalo, brahman breed of chicken, broilers, duck of many varieties ar here. Veterinary department runs Govt. Veterinary Dispensaries in all blocks of Jharkhand. Touring Veterinary officers, Bloch Animal Husbandary Officers, Mobile Officers, Assistant Poultry Officers, Veterinary Surgeons are posted to do the various jobs relating to veterinary. Till now no separate directorate is here for veterinary and is hanparing its functions. The less number of staff and doctors is a major hurdle in implementing various programmes like Artificial Insemination of Cattle and buffalo.

Education

The literacy rate in Jharkhand is 69. 13% (2001) and female literacy rate is still lower at 60. 38%.

Jharkhand has a network of government and privately run schools, although standards of teaching vary considerably from place to place, as also from school to school.

Jharkhand has made primary education so accessible that 95% of children ages 6-11 are enrolled in school as opposed to 56% in 1993-94, so this will likely improve literacy a great deal.

Schools

The medium of instruction in schools is Hindi/English with English/Hindi/Sanskrit/Urdu/Bangla/Oriya as second language. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised After 10 years of schooling, students can join 2 years of Intermediate course (or +2 courses) in Arts, Science and Commerce. The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer This is followed by 3 years of degree courses (graduation)or 4 years of Engineering/Agriculture/Medicine degree. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the On May 2008, Jharkhand became the first in India to introduce free haircuts for poor students. Haircut redirects here For the financial term see Haircut (finance. 40,000 barbers will be employed with a monthly salary of 1000 rupees (25 US dollars) which will cost the state government 40 million rupees (1 million US dollars). A barber (from the Latin barba, " Beard " is someone whose occupation is to cut any type of hair give shaves, and trim [1]

Universities

Institute Main Building, BIT Mesra
Institute Main Building, BIT Mesra

A number of non-technical colleges are located in bigger cities as well as in small towns. The Industrial Training Institutes(ITIs) in particular, offer popular 3 year diploma courses.

Jharkhand has 4 Universities: Ranchi University & Birsa Agricultural University at Ranchi, Sidhhu Kanhu University at Dumka and Vinoba Bhave University in Hazaribagh. The Ranchi University is a university in Jharkhand state of India. Profile Birsa Agricultural University is an agricultural University at Ranchi in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Birsa Institute of Technology (formerly Bihar Institute of Technology), (Sindri) Dhanbad, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur (Formerly known as RIT, Jamshedpur), and the most renowned Indian School of Mines (ISM Dhanbad) are famous engineering colleges. Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, ( Hindi: बिरला प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान मेसरा) (popularly known as BIT Mesra National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, one of the 20 NITs in India Indian School of Mines(ISM University is a fully residential co-educational university located in the Mineral -rich belt of India in the city of Dhanbad

National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology(NIFFT) and B. I. T SINDRI [among one of the oldest engineering colleges in eastern india (estd-1949)].

There are three medical colleges in Jharkhand namely Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) at Ranchi, M.G.M. Medical College Jamshedpur and Patliputra Medical College And Hospital (PMCH) at Dhanbad. The Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS is an institute at Ranchi University which is situated in Bariatu about 6 km from Ranchi, the capital of Jharkhand Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, also known as MGM Medical College is an Indian medical school established in 1964 affiliated to Ranchi University, Ranchi

The famous B-school Xavier Labour Relations Institute (XLRI) is at Jamshedpur. It's PMIR programme is regarded best in the entire Asia-Pacific region.

Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS) at Ranchi is also well known for it's Personnel management and Rural Development courses. Xavier Institute of Social Service ( XISS) is an educational institute in Ranchi, India. Human resource management (HRM is the Strategic and Coherent approach to the Management of an organization's most valued assets - the people working Note This article provides definition of Rural development See Rural Development for Rural Development Agency of the United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA

Sports

Jharkhand has earned itself an important place in the sports arena - thanks to the dashing wicketkeeper batsman - Mahendra Singh Dhoni. Mahendra Singh Dhoni or MS Dhoni ( Hindi:महेन्द्र सिंह धोनी (born July 7 1981 in Ranchi, Jharkhand) is an Indian Hockey, Football and Cricket are most loved games by the people of Jharkhand. Jharkhand has given some brilliant players like Jaipal Singh, a former Indian Hockey captain and Olympian and Vimal Lakra currently playing for Indian Hockey team. Jharkhand is the host for upcoming National Games. It is also believed that jharkhand growt will left behind bihar.

Media

Hindi newspapers like the Ranchi Express[8] and the Prabhat Khabar[9] are the main newspapers, published from the state capital, Ranchi and are available in almost all parts of the state. All important Indian newspapers, in Hindi, English and Bengali are also available in bigger cities by the afternoon and after a day’s delay in smaller towns. Most of the national magazines in Hindi, English and Bengali are regularly available in bigger cities and at other places supply may be arranged through newspaper vendors.

Ranchi and Jamshedpur have around five radio station and All India Radio is Available throughout the state. In 2007 Private FM Channels have also started operation in the state. Doordarshan,the national television broadcaster, is also available in almost all parts of the state. Bigger cities of Jaharkhand is served by all television channels available in India and channels are received through cable. In some interior regions, channels are received via satellite dishes.

Landline telephone connectivity is provided by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), Tata Teleservices (TATA INDICOM) and Reliance Infocomm and covers almost all parts of the state. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a Public sector communications company Cellular service, covering all major centres of the state, is provided by BSNL, Aircel, Idea, Vodafone, Reliance Telecom and Airtel (GSM Service) and also by Tata Indicom and Reliance Infocomm (CDMA Service). Internet connectivity is available in all of the districts. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks

References

  1. ^ Free haircut

External links

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Dictionary

Jharkhand

-proper noun

  1. State in eastern India which has Ranchi as its capital.
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