- For the Gregorian dates of Jewish Holidays, see Jewish holidays 2000-2050. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut " Who is a Jew? " (Mihu Yehudi? ?מיהו יהודי is a basic question about Jewish identity. This article focuses on the Etymology of the word Jew. Biblical and Middle Eastern origins The Jews in their land The Jewish ethnonym in Secular Jewish culture embraces several related phenomena above all it is the Culture of secular communities of Jewish people but it can also include Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Although Jews and religious leaders share a core of monotheistic principles Judaism has no formal statement of principles of faith such as a Creed or Catechism In Judaism, the name of God is more than a distinguishing title See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Nevi'im (נְבִיאִים "Prophets" is the second of the three major sections in the Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh, between the Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים "writings" is the third and final section of the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible) after Torah and Nevi'im This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה See also Mitzvah See also Biblical law in Christianity The 613 Mitzvot ("commandments" (also " 613 Mitzvos The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening Tzedakah ( צדקה) is a Hebrew word commonly translated as charity, though it is based on a root meaning Justice Jewish ethics stands at the intersection of Judaism and the Western philosophical tradition of Ethics. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Minhag ( Hebrew: מנהג "custom" pl minhagim) is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism. Midrash ( Hebrew: מדרש plural midrashim, lit "to repeat" is a Hebrew term referring to the not exact but comparative ( homiletic See also Judaism by country Jewish ethnic divisions refers to a number of distinct communities within the world's ethnically Jewish population Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Mizrahi Jews or Mizrahim, ( also referred to as Edot HaMizrach (Communities of the East are Jews descended Jewish population refers to the number of Jews in the world Precise figures are difficult to calculate because the definition of " Who is a Jew " remains a Jewish population centers have shifted tremendously over time due to the constant streams of Jewish refugees created by expulsions persecution and officially sanctioned killing This article deals with the practice of Judaism and the living arrangement of Jewish people in the listed countries The History of the Jews in the Land of Israel begins with the ancient Israelites (also known as Hebrews) who settled in the Land of Israel. The history of the Jews in the United States has been influenced by waves of immigration primarily from Europe inspired by the social and economic opportunities of the United Iraqi Jews are Jews born in Iraq or of Iraqi heritage The history of the Jews in Iraq is documented from the time of the Babylonian captivity c Spanish Jews once constituted one of the largest and most prosperous Jewish communities under Muslim and Christian rule in Spain, before they The history of the Jews in Portugal is directly related to Sephardi history a Jewish ethnic division that represents communities who have originated The history of the Jews in Poland dates back over a Millennium. Jews have lived in Germany, or " Ashkenaz " at least since the early 4th century, through both periods of tolerance and spasms of The Jewish community of Bosnia and Herzegovina has a rich and varied history surviving World War II and the Yugoslav Wars, after having The history of the Jews in the Americas dates back to Christopher Columbus and his first cross- Atlantic voyage on August 3, 1492 The history of the Jews of Argentina harks back to the days of the Spanish Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition when Jews fleeing persecution settled in what A Brazilian Jew ( Portuguese: Judeu Brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly Jew ancestry or a Jew-born person residing in Brazil Jewish immigration to Latin America began with seven sailors arriving in Christopher Columbus 's crew Jewish Cubans, Cuban Jews, or Cubans of Jewish heritage, have lived on the island of Cuba for centuries Jews have been present in El Salvador since the early 19th Century. Jews have lived in Mexico since the times of the Inquisition. Jewish Nicaraguans or Nicaraguan Jews (Judío Nicaragüense are Nicaraguans of Jewish Ancestry who were born in or have immigrated to Nicaragua The History of the Jews in Venezuela dates to the middle of the 17th century when records suggest that groups of Marranos (Spanish and Portuguese descendants of baptized The Jewish community in France presently numbers around 600000 according to the World Jewish Congress and 500000 according to the Appel Unifié Juif de France and is The first written records of Jewish settlement in England date from the time of the Norman Conquest, mentioning Jews who arrived with William the Conqueror Canada has the world's fourth-largest Jewish population According to the Canada 2001 Census, there are an estimated 351000 Jews currently living in Canada The history of the Jews in Australia began with the transportation of a number of Jewish Convicts aboard the First Fleet in 1788 when History of the Jews in Hungary concerns the Jews of Hungary and of Hungarian origins Indian Jews are a religious minority of India. Judaism was one of the first non- Dharmic religions to arrive in India in recorded history Jews {ref|name|§}} have lived in the geographic area of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) for more than 2400 years There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years Since Biblical times the Jewish people have had close ties with Africa beginning with Abraham 's sojourns in Egypt, and later the Israelite captivity under The beginnings of Jewish history in Iran date back to late biblical times Jews and Judaism in China' have had a long history Jewish settlers are documented in China as early as the 7th or 8th century CE, but may The history of Jews in the territory of the present-day Republic of Macedonia began in Roman times when Jews first arrived in the region in the The history of Jews in Romania concerns the Jews of Romania and of Romanian origins from their first mention on what is nowadays Romanian territory By type List of Jewish historians List of Jewish scientists and philosophers List of Jewish nobility Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith people who practice crypto-Judaism are referred to as "crypto-Jews" Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of the late Mordecai Kaplan (1881 – 1983 Karaite Judaism or Karaism (ˈkærəˌaɪt ˈkærəˌɪzəm) is a Jewish movement NOTE The word sect should not be used without defining it first and Humanistic Judaism is a movement within Judaism that emphasizes Jewish culture and history—rather than belief in God—as the sources of Jewish identity Jewish Renewal is a recent movement in Judaism which endeavors to reinvigorate modern Judaism with mystical, Hasidic, Musical and Alternative Judaism or Agnostic Judaism refers to a variety of groups whose members while identifying as Jews in some fashion nevertheless do not practice Rabbinical The Jewish languages are a set of Languages that developed in various Jewish communities around the world more notably in Europe, West Asia, and Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Judæo-Persian dialects are a subgroup of Persian dialects spoken by the Jews of Iran Judæo-Aramaic is a collective term used to describe several Hebrew -influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic Languages History The Judæo-Arabic languages are a collection of Arabic dialects spoken by Jews living or formerly living in the Arab world; the term also refers to Jewish history is the History of the Jewish people, faith, and culture. This is a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. Jewish leadership has evolved over time Since the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE there has been no single body that has a leadership The history of Ancient Israel and Judah is known to us from classical sources including Judaism 's Tanakh or Hebrew Bible (known Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the See also Religious significance of Jerusalem Since the 10th century BCE Jerusalem in Judaism has been the holiest city, focus and spiritual centre of This is a partial timeline of major events in the History of Jerusalem:; 1800 BCE: The Jebusites build the wall Jebus ( Jerusalem The Hasmoneans (/hæzməˡniən/ חשמונאים Hashmonaiym, Audio were the ruling dynasty of the Hasmonean Kingdom ( 140 &ndash 37 BCE The Sanhedrin (סנהדרין συνέδριον ''synedrion'', "sitting together" hence " assembly " or "council" was an assembly Schisms among the Jews are cultural as well as religious They have happened as a product of historical accident geography and Theology. The word Pharisees ( lat. pharisæ|us, - i) comes from the Hebrew פרושים perushim from פרוש parush, meaning "separated" This article discusses the traditional views of the two religions and may not be applicable all adherents of each The historical interaction of Judaism and Islam started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. The Jewish diaspora ( Hebrew: Tefutzah, "scattered" or Galut גלות "exile" Yiddish: tfutses) the presence The History of Jews in the Middle Ages (approximately 500 CE to 1750 CE can be divided into two categories Also not to be confused with Subbotniks or Sabbatarians. Note Most Sabbateans during and after Sabbatai Zevi were Jews Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc from the Hebrew: he '''''חסידות''''', Chassidus, meaning "piety" from the Hebrew Haskalah ( Hebrew: השכלה "enlightenment" "education" from sekhel " Intellect " "mind") the Jewish Enlightenment Jewish question Jewish emancipation was the abolition of discriminatory laws as applied especially to Jews in Europe in the nineteenth century the recognition of Jews The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Aliyah ( refers to Jewish Immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948 the State of Israel) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The State of Israel (מדינת ישראל Medinat Yisrael) was established in 1948 after nearly two thousand For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is Note This article is about the movement See Orthodox outreach, Reform outreach, and Conservative outreach for more information about the rabbis See also Antisemitism, History of antisemitism, New antisemitism The persecution of Jews has occurred many times in Jewish history. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility The history of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group goes back many centuries Jewish political movements refer to the organized efforts of Jews to build their own political parties or otherwise represent their interest in politics outside of History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Labor Zionism ( Labour Zionism, ציונות סוציאליסטית tsionut sotsialistit) can be described as the major stream of the Left wing of the Revisionist Zionism is a nationalist faction within the Zionist movement Religious Zionism, or the Religious Zionist Movement (a branch of which is also called Mizrachi) is an ideology that combines Zionism and religious The General Zionists (ציונים כלליים Tzionim Klalim) were centrists within the Zionist movement and a political party in Israel World Agudath Israel (The World Jewish Union usually known as the Aguda, was established in the early twentieth century as the political arm of Ashkenazi Torah Judaism Jewish feminism is a movement that seeks to improve the religious legal and social status of women within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic Republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is
A Jewish holiday or festival is a day or series of days observed by Jews as a holy or secular commemoration of an important event in Jewish history. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Jewish history is the History of the Jewish people, faith, and culture. In Hebrew, Jewish holidays and festivals, depending on their nature, may be called yom tov ("good day") (Yiddish: yontif) or chag ("festival") or ta'anit ("fast"). Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High A ta'anit or taanis is a fast in Judaism. A Jewish fast may have one or more purposes including A tool for repentance
The origins of various Jewish holidays generally can be found in Biblical mitzvot (commandments), rabbinical mandate, and modern Israeli history. This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה Rabbinic Judaism or Rabbinism ( Hebrew: " Yehadut Rabanit " - יהדות רבנית is the mainstream religious system of post- diaspora For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
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Rosh Hashanah — The Jewish New Year
Rosh Hashanah is the Jewish new year and day of judgement, in which God judges each person individually according to their deeds, and makes a decree for the following year. Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. The holiday is characterized by the special mitzvah of blowing the shofar. This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה A shofar (שופר is a horn used for Jewish religious purposes
- For a variable number of days before Rosh Hashanah among Ashkenazim, and the entire month of Elul among Sephardim, special additional morning prayers are added known as Selichot. Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural Selichot ( Hebrew: סליחות are Jewish penitential poems and prayers especially those said in the period leading up to the High Holidays, and on
- Erev Rosh Hashanah (evening of the first day) — 29 Elul
- Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה) — 1–2 Tishrei
Rosh Hashanah is set aside by the Mishna as the new year for calculating calendar years, shmita and jubilee years, vegetable tithes, and tree-planting (determining the age of a tree). Elul (אֱלוּל Standard Elul Tiberian ʾĔlûl; from Akkadian elūlu) is the twelfth Tishrei (or Tishri) (ˈtɪʃri or) ( Hebrew: תִּשְׁרֵי ( תִּשְׁרִי) Standard Tišre The Mishnah or Mishna (he משנה "repetition" from the verb shanah he שנה or "to study and review" is a major work of Rabbinic Judaism A sabbatical (from the Latin sabbaticus, from the Greek sabbatikos, from Hebrew shabbathon, i The Jubilee (Hebrew Yovel יובל year is the year at the end of a seven cycles of Sabbatical years (Hebrew Shmita) and according to Biblical A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy
According to an opinion in Jewish oral tradition, the creation of the world was completed on Rosh Hashanah. According to Rabbinic Judaism, the oral Torah, oral Law, or oral tradition ( is the oral tradition received in conjunction with the written Torah Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish The recitation of Tashlikh occurs during the afternoon of the first day. Tashlikh ( Hebrew: תשליך, meaning "casting off" is a long-standing Jewish practice performed on the afternoon of Rosh Hashanah is always observed as a two-day holiday, both inside and outside the boundaries of Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The two days are considered together to be a yoma arichta, a single "long day".
Aseret Yemei Teshuva — Ten Days of Repentance
The first ten days of the Jewish year (from the beginning of Rosh Hashanah until the end of Yom Kippur) are known as the Aseret Yemei Teshuva. The Ten Days of Repentance (עשרת ימי תשובה Aseret Yemei Teshuva) are the first ten days of the Jewish month of Tishrei, beginning on the During this time it is "exceedingly appropriate" for Jews to practice "Teshuvah," which is examining one's deeds and repenting for sins committed against both God and one's fellow man in anticipation of Yom Kippur. Repentance in Judaism known as teshuva ( Hebrew תשובה literally "return" is the way of atoning for Sin in Judaism. This repentance can take the form of additional supplications, confessing one's deeds before God, fasting, and self-reflection. On the third day, the Fast of Gedalia is celebrated. The Fast of Gedalia (or Gedaliah) ( צוֹם גְּדָלִיָּה, gɛdˈlaɪə or gɪˈdɑlyə Tzom Gedaliah is a Jewish fast
Yom Kippur — Day of Atonement
- Erev Yom Kippur — 9 Tishrei
- Yom Kippur (יום כיפור) — 10 Tishrei
Yom Kippur is considered by Jews to be the holiest and most solemn day of the year. Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּפּוּר ˈjɔm kiˈpur also known in English as the Day of Atonement, is the most solemn and important of the Jewish holidays Its Its central theme is atonement and reconciliation. The atonement is a doctrine found within both Christianity and Judaism. Eating, drinking, bathing, anointing with oil, and marital relations are prohibited. Fasting begins at sundown, and ends after nightfall the following day. Fasting is primarily the act of willingly abstaining from some or all Food, Drink, or both for a period of time Yom Kippur services begin with the prayer known as "Kol Nidrei", which must be recited before sunset. Kol Nidre ( Aramaic: כל נדרי) is a Jewish prayer recited in the Synagogue at the beginning of the evening service on Yom Kippur (Kol Nidrei, Aramaic for "all vows," is a public annulment of religious vows made by Jews during the preceding year. Aramaic is a Semitic language with It only concerns unfilled vows made between a person and God, and does not cancel or nullify any vows made between people. )
A Tallit (four-cornered prayer shawl) is donned for evening prayers; the only evening service of the year in which this is done. The tallit (טַלִּית also called tallis ( Yiddish, plural taleysm) is a prayer Shawl worn during the morning Jewish services Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit The Ne'ilah service is a special service held only on the day of Yom Kippur, and deals with the closing of the holiday. Yom Kippur comes to an end with the blowing of the shofar, which marks the conclusion of the fast. It is always observed as a one-day holiday, both inside and outside the boundaries of the land of Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
Sukkot
Sukkot (סוכות or סֻכּוֹת sukkōt) or Succoth is a 7-day festival, also known as the Feast of Booths, the Feast of Tabernacles, or just Tabernacles. Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage A religious festival is a time of special importance marked by adherents to that Religion. It is one of the three pilgrimage festivals mentioned in the Bible. The word sukkot is the plural of the Hebrew word sukkah, meaning booth. Jews are commanded to "dwell" in booths during the holiday. This generally means taking meals, but some sleep in the sukkah as well. There are specific rules for constructing a sukkah. The seventh day of the holiday is called Hoshanah Rabbah. The seventh day of the Jewish holiday of Sukkot, 21st day of Tishrei, is known as Hoshana Rabbah ( Aramaic: הוֹשַׁעְנָא רַבָּא
- Erev Sukkot — 14 Tishrei
- Sukkot (חג הסוכות) — 15–21 Tishrei (22 outside Israel)
Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah
Simchat Torah (שמחת תורה) means "rejoicing with the Torah". Simchat Torah or Simchas Torah (שמחת תורה is a Jewish holiday marking the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings and the beginning Simchat Torah or Simchas Torah (שמחת תורה is a Jewish holiday marking the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings and the beginning term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to It actually refers to a special ceremony which takes place on the holiday of Shemini Atzeret. Shemini Atzeret (שמיני עצרת - "the Eighth of Assembly" is a Jewish holiday celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei. This holiday immediately follows the conclusion of the holiday of Sukkot. Sukkot ( also known as Succoth, Sukkos, Feast of Booths or Feast of Tabernacles) is a Biblical Pilgrimage In Israel, Shemini Atzeret is one day long and includes the celebration of Simchat Torah. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Outside Israel, Shemini Atzeret is two days long and Simchat Torah is observed on the second day, which is often referred to by the name of the ceremony.
The last portion of the Torah is read, completing the annual cycle, followed by the first chapter of Genesis. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Services are especially joyous, and all attendees, young and old, are involved.
Hanukkah — Festival of Lights
The story of Hanukkah is preserved in the books of the First and Second Maccabees. Hanukkah (חנוכה alt Chanukah) also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the For the Warhammer Fantasy location see Kislev (Warhammer Kislev ( Hebrew: כִּסְלֵו, Standard For the Warhammer Fantasy location see Kislev (Warhammer Kislev ( Hebrew: כִּסְלֵו, Standard Tevet ( Hebrew: טֵבֵת, Standard Tevet; Ashkenazi Teves; Tiberian Hanukkah (חנוכה alt Chanukah) also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the 1 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book written by a Jewish author after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom probably about 100 BC. 2 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which focuses on the Jews revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the These books are not part of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), they are apocryphal books instead. See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is The biblical apocrypha (from the Greek word ἀπόκρυφος meaning hidden) are books published in an edition of the Bible whose canonicity The miracle of the one-day supply of oil miraculously lasting eight days is first described in the Talmud. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history
Hanukkah marks the defeat of Seleucid Empire forces that had tried to prevent the people of Israel from practicing Judaism. The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Judah Maccabee and his brothers destroyed overwhelming forces, and rededicated the Temple in Jerusalem. Judas Maccabeus (or Judah Maccabee, also spelled Machabeus or Maccabaeus Hebrew: יהודה המכבי, Yehudah HaMakabi, Judah the Hammer Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name The eight-day festival is marked by the kindling of lights — one on the first night, two on the second, and so on — using a special candle holder called a Chanukkiyah, or a Hanukkah menorah. Hanukkah Menorah ( Hebrew: מנורה menorah) (also חַנֻכִּיָּה Hanukiah, or Chanukkiyah, pl
There is a custom to give children money on Hanukkah to commemorate the learning of Torah in guise of Jews gathering in what was perceived as gambling at that time since Torah was forbidden. Because of this, there is also the custom to play with the dreidel (called a sevivon in Hebrew). A dreidel (דרײדל dreydl, סביבון Sevivon) is a four-sided Top, played with during the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah.
Tenth of Tevet
This minor fast day marks the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem as outlined in 2 Kings 25:1
- And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it round about. Tenth of Tevet (עשרה בטבת Asara BeTevet) the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tevet, is a minor fast day in Judaism. The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible.
As a minor fast day, fasting from dawn to dusk is required, but other laws of mourning are not observed. A Torah reading and Haftorah reading, and a special prayer in the Amidah, are added at both Shacharit and Mincha services. The Amidah (Hebrew תפילת העמידה, Tefilat HaAmidah "The Standing Prayer " also called the Shmona Esre ( שמנה עשרה Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening
Tu Bishvat-New Year of the Trees
- Tu Bishvat (חג האילנות - ט"ו בשבט) — 15 Shevat
Tu Bishvat is the new year for trees. Tu Bishvat (or Tu B'Shevat) ( ט״ו בשבט) is a minor Jewish holiday in the Hebrew month of Shevat usually sometime in late January or early February Tu Bishvat (or Tu B'Shevat) ( ט״ו בשבט) is a minor Jewish holiday in the Hebrew month of Shevat usually sometime in late January or early February According to the Mishnah, it marks the day from which fruit tithes are counted each year, and marks the timepoint from which the Biblical prohibition on eating the first three years of fruit and the requirement to bring the fourth year fruit to the Temple in Jerusalem were counted. The Mishnah or Mishna (he משנה "repetition" from the verb shanah he שנה or "to study and review" is a major work of Rabbinic Judaism A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy Orlah ( Hebrew: ערלה lit "Blockage of Trees" is the tenth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds" of the Mishnah Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name In modern times, it is celebrated by eating various fruits and nuts associated with the Land of Israel. For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is During the 1600s, Rabbi Yitzchak Luria of Safed and his disciples created a short seder, called Hemdat ha‑Yamim, reminiscent of the seder that Jews observe on Passover, that explores the holiday's Kabbalistic themes. Rabbi Isaac Luria (1534 – July 25 1572) was a Jewish mystic in Safed. Safed (צְפַת pronounced Tsfat; صفد pronounced Safad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism.
Purim — Festival of Lots
- Erev Purim and Fast of Esther known as "Ta'anit Ester" — 13 Adar
- Purim (פורים) — 14 Adar
- Shushan Purim 15 Adar
- In leap years on the Hebrew calendar, Purim is observed in the Second Adar (Adar Sheni). Purim ( Hebrew: פורים Pûrîm " lots " related to Akkadian pūru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates The Fast of Esther ( Ta'anit Ester, Hebrew תענית אסתר is a Jewish fast from Dawn until Dusk on Purim Purim ( Hebrew: פורים Pûrîm " lots " related to Akkadian pūru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates Purim ( Hebrew: פורים Pûrîm " lots " related to Akkadian pūru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates A leap year (or intercalary year) is a year containing one or more extra days (or in the case of Lunisolar calendars an extra month in order to keep the Adar ( Hebrew: אֲדָר, Standard Adar Tiberian ʾĂḏār; from Akkadian
Purim commemorates the events that took place in the Book of Esther. Purim ( Hebrew: פורים Pûrîm " lots " related to Akkadian pūru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates Esther ( born Hadassah, is a queen of Persian Empire in the Hebrew Bible, the queen of Ahasuerus (traditionally identified with Artaxerxes It is celebrated by reading or acting out the story of Esther, and by making disparaging noises at every mention of Haman's name. Haman (or Haman the Agagite המן האגגי is an individual who according to Old Testament tradition was a 4th Century BC Persian noble In Purim it is a tradition to masquerade around in costumes and to give Mishloakh Manot (care packages, i. e. gifts of food and drink) to the poor and the needy. In Israel it is also a tradition to arrange festive parades, known as Ad-D'lo-Yada, in the town's main street. Sometimes the children dress up and act out the story of Esther for their parents.
New Year for Kings
- New Year for Kings — 1 Nisan.
Although Rosh Hashanah marks the change of the Jewish calendar year, Nisan is considered the first month of the Hebrew calendar. Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish This article is about the Jewish month of Nisan See Nissan Motors for the automobile manufacturer The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious The Mishnah indicates that the year of the reign of Jewish kings was counted from Nisan in Biblical times. The Mishnah or Mishna (he משנה "repetition" from the verb shanah he שנה or "to study and review" is a major work of Rabbinic Judaism See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is Nisan is also considered the beginning of the calendar year in terms of the order of the holidays.
In addition to this New Year, the Mishnah sets up three other legal New Years:
- 1st of Elul, New Year for animal tithes,
- 1st of Tishrei (Rosh Hashanah), the New Year for the calendar year and for vegetable tithes
- 15th of Shevat (Tu B'Shevat), the New Year for Trees/fruit
Pesach — Passover
- Erev Pesach and Fast of the Firstborn known as "Ta'anit Bechorim" — 14 Nisan
- Passover/Pesach (פסח) (first two days) — 15 (and 16) Nisan
- The "Last days of Passover", known as Acharon shel Pesach, are also a holiday commemorating K'riat Yam Suf, the Passage of the Red Sea. Elul (אֱלוּל Standard Elul Tiberian ʾĔlûl; from Akkadian elūlu) is the twelfth Tishrei (or Tishri) (ˈtɪʃri or) ( Hebrew: תִּשְׁרֵי ( תִּשְׁרִי) Standard Tišre Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish Shevat (or Shvat) ( Hebrew: שְׁבָט, Standard Šəvat Tiberian Šəḇāṭ Tu Bishvat (or Tu B'Shevat) ( ט״ו בשבט) is a minor Jewish holiday in the Hebrew month of Shevat usually sometime in late January or early February Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish Fast of the Firstborn (תענית בכורות Ta'anit B'khorot or תענית בכורים, Ta'anit B'khorim) is a unique fast day in Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish The Passage of the Red Sea is the account of the march of Moses, leading the Hebrews ( Israelites) on their escape out of Egypt and the alleged crossing — 21 (and 22) Nisan
- The semi-holiday days between the "first days" and the "last days" of Passover are known as Chol Hamo'ed, referred to as the "Intermediate days". Chol HaMoed, (חול המועד a Hebrew phrase which means "weekdays the festival" refers to the intermediate days of Passover and Sukkot
Pesach (Passover) commemorates the liberation of the Israelite slaves from Egypt. Passover ( Hebrew, Yiddish: פֶּסַח Pesach, Tiberian: pɛsaħ Israeli: Pesah, Pesakh, Yiddish As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. No leavened food is eaten during the week of Pesach, in commemoration of the fact that the Jews left Egypt so quickly that their bread did not have enough time to rise. A leavening agent (sometimes called just leavening or leaven) is a substance used in Doughs and batters that causes a foaming action intended
The first seder begins at sundown on the 15th of Nisan, and the second seder is held on the night of the 16th of Nisan. The Passover Seder Meal ( Hebrew: סֵדֶר seðɛɾ "order" "arrangement" is a Jewish ritual feast held on the first (and for some the On the second night, Jews start counting the omer. The counting of the omer is a count of the days from the time they left Egypt until the time they arrived at Mount Sinai. Counting of the Omer (or Sefirat Ha'omer, Hebrew: ספירת העומר) is a verbal counting of each of the forty-nine days between the Jewish holidays This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. For other places named Mount Sinai see Mount Sinai (disambiguation Mount Sinai (Arabic طور سيناء, Hebrew הר סיני also
Sefirah — Counting of the Omer
- Sefirah (ספירת העומר, Sefirat Ha'Omer) — Counting the Omer
Sefirah is the 49 day ("seven weeks") period between Pesach and Shavuot; it is defined by the Torah as the period during which special offerings are to be brought to the Temple in Jerusalem. Counting of the Omer (or Sefirat Ha'omer, Hebrew: ספירת העומר) is a verbal counting of each of the forty-nine days between the Jewish holidays Counting of the Omer (or Sefirat Ha'omer, Hebrew: ספירת העומר) is a verbal counting of each of the forty-nine days between the Jewish holidays Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name Judaism teaches that this makes physical the spiritual connection between Pesach and Shavuot.
Lag Ba'omer
Lag Ba'omer (ל"ג בעומר) is the 33rd day in the Omer count (ל"ג is the number 33 in Hebrew). The mourning restrictions on joyous activities during the Omer period are lifted on Lag Ba'Omer and there are often celebrations with picnics, bonfires and bow and arrow play by children. In contemporary usage picnic can be defined simply as a pleasure excursion at which a Meal is eaten outdoors ( Al fresco or En plein air In Israel, youth can be seen gathering materials for bonfires.
New Israeli/Jewish national holidays
Since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, the Chief Rabbinate of Israel has established four new Jewish holidays. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
- Yom Yerushalayim — Jerusalem day
- Yom HaShoah — Holocaust Remembrance day
- Yom Hazikaron — Memorial Day
- Yom Ha'atzmaut — Israel Independence Day
These four days are national holidays in the State of Israel, and have since been accepted as religious holidays in general by the following groups: The Union of Orthodox Congregations and Rabbinical Council of America; The United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth (United Kingdom); The Chief Rabbinate of the State of Israel; All of Reform Judaism and Conservative Judaism; The Union for Traditional Judaism and the Reconstructionist movement. Jerusalem Day (יום ירושלים Yom Yerushalayim) is an Israeli national holiday commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem and the establishment Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laGvura (יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה "Remembrance Day for the Holocaust and Heroism" known colloquially in Israel Yom Hazikaron ( Memorial Day, יום הזכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ולנפגעי פעולות האיבה lit Yom Ha'atzmaut (יום העצמאות yom hā-‘aṣmā’ūṯ; عيد الاستقلال is the national independence day of Israel, commemorating its The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
These four new days are not accepted as religious holidays by Haredi Judaism, which includes Hasidic Judaism. Haredi or Chareidi Judaism is the most theologically conservative form of Orthodox Judaism. Hasidic Judaism (also Chasidic, etc from the Hebrew: he '''''חסידות''''', Chassidus, meaning "piety" from the Hebrew These groups view these new days as Israeli national holidays, and they do not celebrate these holidays.
Yom HaShoah — Holocaust Remembrance day
- Yom HaShoah (יום הזכרון לשואה ולגבורה) — 27 Nisan
Yom HaShoah is also known as Holocaust Remembrance Day, and takes place on the 27th day of Nisan. Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laGvura (יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה "Remembrance Day for the Holocaust and Heroism" known colloquially in Israel Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laGvura (יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה "Remembrance Day for the Holocaust and Heroism" known colloquially in Israel This article is about the Jewish month of Nisan See Nissan Motors for the automobile manufacturer Yom HaZikaron laShoah ve-laGvura (יום הזיכרון לשואה ולגבורה "Remembrance Day for the Holocaust and Heroism" known colloquially in Israel The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as This article is about the Jewish month of Nisan See Nissan Motors for the automobile manufacturer
Yom Hazikaron — Memorial Day
- Yom Hazikaron (יום הזכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל) — 4 Iyar
Yom Hazikaron is the day of remembrance in honor of Israeli veterans and fallen soldiers of the Wars of Israel. Yom Hazikaron ( Memorial Day, יום הזכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ולנפגעי פעולות האיבה lit Yom Hazikaron ( Memorial Day, יום הזכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ולנפגעי פעולות האיבה lit Iyar ( Hebrew: אִייָר or אִיָּר, Standard Iyyar Tiberian ʾIyyār; Yom Hazikaron ( Memorial Day, יום הזכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ולנפגעי פעולות האיבה lit For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. The Memorial Day also commemorates fallen civilians, slain by acts of hostile terrorism. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion [1]
Yom Ha'atzmaut — Israel Independence Day
- Yom Ha'atzmaut (יום העצמאות) — 5 Iyar
Yom Ha'atzmaut is Israel's Independence Day. Yom Ha'atzmaut (יום העצמאות yom hā-‘aṣmā’ūṯ; عيد الاستقلال is the national independence day of Israel, commemorating its Yom Ha'atzmaut (יום העצמאות yom hā-‘aṣmā’ūṯ; عيد الاستقلال is the national independence day of Israel, commemorating its Iyar ( Hebrew: אִייָר or אִיָּר, Standard Iyyar Tiberian ʾIyyār; Yom Ha'atzmaut (יום העצמאות yom hā-‘aṣmā’ūṯ; عيد الاستقلال is the national independence day of Israel, commemorating its For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the Anniversary of a Nation 's assumption of independent Statehood, usually after ceasing An official ceremony is held annually on the eve of Yom Ha'atzmaut at Mount Herzl. Mount Herzl, (הר הרצל Har Hertzel; also Har HaZikaron, הר הזכרון lit The ceremony includes speeches by senior Israeli officials, an artistic presentation, a ritual march of flag-carrying soldiers forming elaborate structures (such as a Menorah, a Magen David and the number which represents the age of the State of Israel) and the lighting of twelve beacons (one for each of the Tribes of Israel). A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Pekiin tabletjpg|thumb|right|151px| Second Temple period stone tablet from a Synagogue in Peki'in, Israel. The Star of David or Shield of David ( Magen David in Hebrew with nikkud or מגן דוד without academically transcribed Māḡēn Dāwīḏ by See also History of ancient Israel and Judah According to the Bible, the Israelites were the dominant group living in the Land of Israel. Dozens of Israeli citizens, who contributed significantly to the state, are selected to light these beacons.
Yom Yerushalaim - Jerusalem Day
- Yom Yerushalayim (יום ירושלים) — 28 Iyar
Jerusalem Day marks the 1967 reunification of Jerusalem and The Temple Mount under Jewish rule during the Six-Day War almost 1900 years after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. Jerusalem Day (יום ירושלים Yom Yerushalayim) is an Israeli national holiday commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem and the establishment Jerusalem Day (יום ירושלים Yom Yerushalayim) is an Israeli national holiday commemorating the reunification of Jerusalem and the establishment Iyar ( Hebrew: אִייָר or אִיָּר, Standard Iyyar Tiberian ʾIyyār; Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE
Shavuot — Feast of Weeks — Yom HaBikurim
Shavuot, The Feast of Weeks is one of the three pilgrim festivals (Shalosh regalim) ordained in the Torah, Shavuot marks the end of the counting of the Omer, the period between Passover and Shavuot. Shavuot (or Shavuos, in Ashkenazi usage Hebrew: שבועות, lit Sivan ( Hebrew: סִיוָן, Standard Sivan Tiberian Sîwān; from Akkadian Shavuot (or Shavuos, in Ashkenazi usage Hebrew: שבועות, lit Sivan ( Hebrew: סִיוָן, Standard Sivan Tiberian Sîwān; from Akkadian Shavuot (or Shavuos, in Ashkenazi usage Hebrew: שבועות, lit The Three Pilgrimage Festivals, known as the Shalosh Regalim (שלוש רגלים are three major festivals in Judaism &mdash Pesach ( term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to According to Rabbinic tradition, the Ten Commandments were given on this day. The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given During this holiday the Torah portion containing the Ten Commandments is read in the synagogue, and the biblical Book of Ruth is read as well. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to This article is about the ancient Hebrew religious text For the 20th-century English-language novel see The Book of Ruth (novel The Book of Ruth It is traditional to eat dairy meals during Shavuot.
Seventeenth of Tammuz
The 17th of Tammuz traditionally marks the first breach in the walls of the Second Temple during the Roman occupation. The Seventeenth of Tammuz ( Hebrew: שבעה עשר בתמוז, Shiv'ah Asar b'Tammuz) is a minor Jewish fast day commemorating the breach of the walls The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE
As a minor fast day, fasting from dawn to dusk is required, but other laws of mourning are not observed. A Torah reading and Haftorah reading, and a special prayer in the Amidah, are added at both Shacharit and Mincha services. The Amidah (Hebrew תפילת העמידה, Tefilat HaAmidah "The Standing Prayer " also called the Shmona Esre ( שמנה עשרה Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening
The Three Weeks and the Nine Days
- The Three Weeks: Seventeenth of Tammuz, 17 Tammuz – 9 Av
- The Nine Days: 1–9 Av
- (See also Tenth of Tevet)
The days between the 17th of Tammuz and the 9th of Av are days of mourning, on account of the collapse of Jerusalem during the Roman occupation which occurred during this time framework. The Three Weeks or Bein ha-Metzarim ( Hebrew: בין המצרים "Between the Straits " cf "In Dire Straits" is a period The Three Weeks or Bein ha-Metzarim ( Hebrew: בין המצרים "Between the Straits " cf "In Dire Straits" is a period The Seventeenth of Tammuz ( Hebrew: שבעה עשר בתמוז, Shiv'ah Asar b'Tammuz) is a minor Jewish fast day commemorating the breach of the walls The Nine Days are the first nine days of the Jewish month of Av. Tenth of Tevet (עשרה בטבת Asara BeTevet) the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tevet, is a minor fast day in Judaism. Av ( Hebrew: אָב, Standard Av Tiberian ʾĀḇ; from Akkadian abu Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Weddings and other joyful occasions are traditionally not held during this period. A further element is added within the three weeks, during the nine days between the 1st and 9th day of Av — the pious refrain from eating meat and drinking wine, except on Shabbat or at a Seudat Mitzvah (a Mitzvah meal, such as a Pidyon Haben — the recognition of a firstborn male child — or the study completion of a religious text. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath This article is about commandments in Judaism For the Jewish rite of passage see Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Mitzvah ( Hebrew: מצוה ) In addition, one's hair is not cut during this period.
In Conservative Judaism, the Rabbinical Assembly's Committee on Jewish Law and Standards has issued several responsa (legal rulings) which hold that the prohibitions against weddings in this timeframe are deeply held traditions, but should not be construed as binding law. Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out The Rabbinical Assembly (RA is the international association of Conservative Rabbis The RA was founded in 1901 to shape the ideology programs and practices of the Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Thus, Conservative Jewish practice would allow weddings during this time, except on the 9th of Av itself. Reform Judaism and Reconstructionist Judaism hold that halakha (Jewish law) is no longer binding, and rabbis in those movements follow their individual consciences on such matters; some uphold the traditional prohibitions and some permit weddings on these days. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of the late Mordecai Kaplan (1881 – 1983 Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Orthodox Judaism maintains the traditional prohibitions. Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized
Tisha B'av — Ninth of Av
- Tisha B'Av (צום תשעה באב) — 9 Av
Tisha B'Av is a fast day that commemorates two of the saddest events in Jewish history that both occurred on the ninth of Av — the destruction in 586 BCE of the First Temple, originally built by King Solomon, and destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Tisha B'Av (תשעה באב or he ט׳ באב "the Ninth of Av," is an annual fast day in Judaism, named for the ninth day ( Tisha Tisha B'Av (תשעה באב or he ט׳ באב "the Ninth of Av," is an annual fast day in Judaism, named for the ninth day ( Tisha Av ( Hebrew: אָב, Standard Av Tiberian ʾĀḇ; from Akkadian abu Tisha B'Av (תשעה באב or he ט׳ באב "the Ninth of Av," is an annual fast day in Judaism, named for the ninth day ( Tisha Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" The Second Temple (בית המקדש romanized 'Beit HaMikdash' meaning 'Holy House' was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem which stood between 516 BCE and 70 CE Year 70 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Other calamities throughout Jewish history are said to have taken place on Tisha B'Av, including King Edward I's edict compelling the Jews to leave England (1290) and the Jewish expulsion from Spain in 1492. Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307 popularly known as Longshanks, was a King of England who achieved historical fame by conquering large parts of Wales and almost England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Alhambra Decree (also known as the Edict of Expulsion) was an edict issued on 31 March, 1492 by the joint Catholic Monarchs of Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
Tithe of animals
- New Year for Animal Tithes (Taxes) — 1 Elul
This commemoration is no longer observed. Elul (אֱלוּל Standard Elul Tiberian ʾĔlûl; from Akkadian elūlu) is the twelfth This day was set up by the Mishna as the New Year for animal tithes, which is somewhat equivalent to a new year for taxes. The Mishnah or Mishna (he משנה "repetition" from the verb shanah he שנה or "to study and review" is a major work of Rabbinic Judaism A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy (This notion is similar to the tax deadline in the United States of America on April 15. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English )
Rosh Chodesh — the New Month
The first day of each month and the thirtieth day of the preceding month, if it has thirty days, is (in modern times) a minor holiday known as Rosh Chodesh (head of the month). Rosh Chodesh, (ראש חודש trans. Beginning of the Month; lit. Rosh Chodesh, (ראש חודש trans. Beginning of the Month; lit. The one exception is the month of Tishrei, whose beginning is a major holiday, Rosh Hashanah. There are also special prayers said upon observing the new Moon for the first time each month.
Shabbat — The Sabbath — שבת
Jewish law accords the Sabbath the status of a holiday. Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath Jews celebrate a Shabbat, a day of rest, on the seventh day of each week. Jewish law defines a day as ending at nightfall, which is when the next day then begins. Thus, Shabbat begins at sundown Friday night, and ends at nightfall Saturday night.
In many ways halakha (Jewish law) gives Shabbat the status of being the most important holy day in the Jewish calendar. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Shabbat or Shabbos ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת, shabbāt, shabbes, "rest/inactivity" is the Weekly Sabbath
- It is the first holiday mentioned in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), and God was the first one to observe it. See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity.
- The liturgy treats the Sabbath as a bride and queen. Jewish services ( Hebrew: תפלה, tefillah; plural תפלות, tefillos or tefillot; Yinglish: davening
- The Torah reading on the Sabbath has more sections of parshiot (Torah readings) than on Yom Kippur, the most of any Jewish holiday. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to
- There is a tradition that the Messiah will come if every Jew observes the Sabbath twice in a row. Jewish eschatology is concerned with the Jewish Messiah, Afterlife, and the revival of the dead.
Acharei hachagim
Acharei hachagim (modern Hebrew: אחרי החגים) Literally: after the holidays. Used in modern Hebrew vernacular to suggest a delay. Many tasks get postponed until acharei hachagim, regardless of the proximity of the coming holiday. Acharei hachagim is considered a legitimate target date for the task in question.
Variances in observances
The denominations of Reconstructionist Judaism and Reform Judaism generally regard Jewish laws (halakha) relating to all these holidays as important, but no longer binding. Reconstructionist Judaism is a modern American-based Jewish movement based on the ideas of the late Mordecai Kaplan (1881 – 1983 Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently subjected to vandalism and the insertion of personal opinions Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law Orthodox Judaism and Conservative Judaism hold that the halakha relating to these days are still normative (i. Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized Conservative Judaism (also known as Masorti Judaism in Israel and Europe) is a modern stream of Judaism that arose out e. to be accepted as binding. )
There are a number of differences in religious practices between Orthodox and Conservative Jews, because these denominations have distinct ways of understanding the process of how halakha has historically developed, and thus how it can still develop. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Nonetheless, both of these groups have similar teachings about how to observe these holidays.
Reform Jews do not observe the 2nd day of Jewish holidays in the Diaspora.
Name
"Yom Tov" is also a Jewish given name.
See also
- Jewish holidays 2000-2050
- Public holidays in Israel
- Ta'anit
- Religious festival
- Hebrew calendar
- Rosh Hashanah
References
Greenberg, Irving. Note for exact dates in the Gregorian calendar see Jewish holidays 2000-2050. A ta'anit or taanis is a fast in Judaism. A Jewish fast may have one or more purposes including A tool for repentance A religious festival is a time of special importance marked by adherents to that Religion. The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Rosh Hashanah (ראש השנה literally "head of the year" Biblical: ˈɾoʃ haʃːɔˈnɔh Israeli haʃaˈna Yiddish: hɑˈʃɔnə is a Jewish The Jewish Way: Living the Holidays. New York: Touchstone, 1988.
Strassfeld, Michael. The Jewish Holidays: A Guide and Commentary. New York: Harper & Row, 1985.
External links
- Jewish Holiday Calendar A quick chart listing all the Jewish holidays, their dates in the Jewish calendar, and additional notes.
- Hebrew Calendar for Outlook An add-on for incorporating Jewish dates and holidays into Outlook.
- Molad - Freeware Jewish holiday calendar for Mobiles. Freeware is computer Software that is available for use at no cost or for an optional fee
- A more detailed list of Jewish holidays
- A calculator that figures out the dates of Jewish holidays in any year
- TorahLab Guide to the Jewish Holidays
- Guide to all Jewish Holidays
- Introduction to Jewish Holidays
- 2007 Special Sukkot for Bnei Noach with Noahides in Oklahoma
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