The Jesus movement was the major Christian element within the hippie counterculture, or, conversely, the major hippie element within some strands of Protestantism. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Nazareth (ˈnæzərəθ (נָצְרַת Hebrew Natz'rat or Natzeret, الناصرة an-Nāṣira or an-Naseriyye) is the capital and largest Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Counterculture (also " counter-culture " is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a Cultural group, or Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Members of the movement are called Jesus people, or Jesus freaks. Jesus freak, while initially a Pejorative term for those involved in the Jesus movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s was quickly embraced by them and soon broadened The movement arose on the West Coast of the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and spread primarily through North America and Europe, before dying out by the early 1980s. The " West Coast " " Western Seaboard " or " Pacific Seaboard " are terms for the westernmost coastal states of the Western United States The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The Jesus movement left a legacy of various denominations and other Christian organizations, and had an impact on both the development of the contemporary Christian right and the Christian left, as well as Jesus music, which greatly influenced contemporary Christian music. The Christian right is a term used predominantly in the United States to describe a spectrum of right-wing Christian political and social movements and The Religious Left is a term originating in the United States, used to describe those who hold strong Religious Beliefs and share Left-wing political Jesus music, known as gospel beat music in the United Kingdom, is a style of Christian music which originated on the West Coast of the United Contemporary Christian Music (or CCM; also by its religious neutral term " inspirational music " is a genre of Popular music which is The movement itself helped to create various musical subgenres such as Christian rock and Christian metal. Christian rock (occasionally abbreviated CR) is a form of Rock music played by bands whose members are Christians and who often focus the lyrics on Christian metal is a form of Heavy metal music which as well as its many subgenres, contains Christian lyrics and themes

Origins

The terms Jesus movement and Jesus people were coined by Duane Pederson in his writings for the Hollywood Free Paper. The Rev Fr Duane Pederson is a former Jesus freak and leader of the Jesus Movement who in his capacity as founding editor of the Hollywood Free Paper The term Jesus freak was originally a pejorative label imposed on the group by non-Christian hippies, but members of the Jesus movement reclaimed the phrase as a positive self-identifier. Jesus freak, while initially a Pejorative term for those involved in the Jesus movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s was quickly embraced by them and soon broadened Words and phrases are pejorative if they imply disapproval or contempt The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world

Though still a part of the broader hippie movement, the Jesus movement was partly a reaction against the counterculture from which it originated. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Some people became disenchanted with the status quo and became hippies. Status quo is a Latin term meaning the present existing state of affairs or "the state in which" Later, some of these people became disenchanted with the hippie lifestyle and became "Jesus people". The term lifestyle was originally coined by Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler in 1929 However, the Jesus movement kept many of the mannerisms and styles of the hippies, but changed the cultural content to reflect their newfound religion. For example, the Jesus people gave hippie slang a Christian spin: "free love", instead of designating a rejection of traditional morality regarding sex, became the free (agape) love of God and people; phrases like "One Way" supplanted the focus on the individual with a focus on God, and; "Just Drop Jesus" replaced "dropping" acid or being "high on Jesus". The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Slang is the use of highly informal Words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's Dialect or Language. The term free love has been used since at least the nineteenth century to describe a Social movement that rejects Marriage, which is seen as a form Agapē (ˈægəpiː ( Gk αγάπη) is one of several Greek words translated into English as love. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) It also became quite common to speak of "Truckin' with Jesus" in place of the Biblical term "Walking with the Lord. " When inquiring of someone's well-being, it would often be said, "Oh, he's TRUCKIN'" meaning that he is doing really well. Many of this movements adherents were hippies; former drug-users, drinkers, prostitutes, and music enthusiasts. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world

The movement as a whole was characterized by a resurgence of brotherly love and kindness during an era in which society was being torn apart by the Vietnam War, venereal disease and other social maladies of the day. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia A sexually transmitted disease ( STD) or venereal disease ( VD) is an illness that has a significant probability of transmission between Humans

Beliefs and practices

The Jesus movement was restorationist in theology, seeking to return to the original life of the early Christians. For other usages see Restoration (general disambiguation Apokatastasis (universal restoration Christian Zionism (restoration of Israel and Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective As a result, Jesus people often viewed churches, especially those in the United States, as apostate, and took a decidedly anti-American political stance in general. Anti-Americanism, often anti-American sentiment, is opposition or hostility to the people culture or policies of the United States. The theology of the Jesus movement also called for a return to simple living, and asceticism in some cases. Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals choose to minimize the 'more-is-better' pursuit of Wealth and consumption. Ascetic redirects here You might also be looking for Acetic acid. Also, the Jesus people had a strong belief in miracles, signs and wonders, faith healing, spiritual possession and exorcism. A miracle is an event believed to be caused by interposition of Divine intervention by a Supernatural being in the Universe by which the ordinary operation Signs and Wonders was a phrase used often by leaders of the Charismatic movement in the late 1980s and early 1990s Faith healing is the attempt to use Religious or spiritual means such as Prayer, mental practices spiritual insights or other techniques to prevent Spirit possession is a concept of Paranormal, Supernatural and/or Superstitious belief in which spirits, gods, daemons Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure is the practice of evicting Demons or other evil For example, a miracle-filled revival at Asbury College in 1970 grabbed the attention of the secular news media and became known nation-wide [1] as told in the book One Divine Movement. Asbury College is a Christian Liberal arts institution located in Wilmore Kentucky. [2]

The movement tended towards strong evangelism and millennialism. Evangelism is the Christian practice of proselytisation. The intention of most evangelism is to effect Eternal salvation to those who do not follow the This is an article on sociological Millennialism You may be looking for the article on Christian Premillennialism. The group's theology rejected any middle ground. What they lacked in theological depth, Jesus people made up for in zeal for Christ and love of others. Some of the most read books by those within the movement included Ron Sider's Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger and Hal Lindsey's The Late Great Planet Earth. Ronald James Sider (born 17 September 1939, Stevensville Ontario) is a Canadian -born American Theologian and Christian Harold Lee "Hal" Lindsey (born November 23 1929) is an American evangelist and Christian writer The Late Great Planet Earth is the title of a best-selling 1970 book co-authored by Hal Lindsey and Carole C

Perhaps the most illustrative aspect of the Jesus movement was its communal aspect. Many Jesus People lived in communes. A commune is an Intentional community of people living together sharing common interests Property, possessions Resources, work and Income Though there were some groups, such as the Calvary Chapel movement, which did not live in communes, these remained more on the fringes of the Jesus movement. Calvary Chapel, a Non-denominational, Evangelical fellowship of Christian churches began in 1965 in Southern California. Within the commune, the group became more important than the individual, and communal sharing of possessions was the norm. One example would be Graham Pulkingham's community described in "They Left Their Nets. The Reverend W Graham Pulkingham (c 1927 - 12 April 1993) was the minister at the Church of the Redeemer in Houston, Texas during the 1960s " Some of the communes became highly authoritarian. Authoritarianism describes a Form of government characterized by an emphasis on the Authority of the State in a republic or union

Jesus music

Main article: Jesus music

There has been a long legacy of Christian music connected to the Jesus movement. Jesus music, known as gospel beat music in the United Kingdom, is a style of Christian music which originated on the West Coast of the United Jesus music, also known as gospel beat music in the UK, primarily began when some hippie and street musicians of the late 1960s and early 1970s converted to Christianity. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located They continued to play the same style of music they had played previously, but began to write lyrics with a Christian message. Many music groups developed out of this, and some became leaders within the Jesus movement, most notably Barry McGuire, Love Song, Second Chapter of Acts, All Saved Freak Band, Servant, Petra, Resurrection Band, Phil Keaggy, Randy Stonehill, Randy Matthews, Andraé Crouch (and the Disciples), and the late Keith Green and Larry Norman, . Barry McGuire (born 15 October 1935) is an American Singer-songwriter. For other uses of "Love song" see Love song (disambiguation. The 2nd Chapter of Acts was a Jesus Music and an early Contemporary Christian Music group composed of sisters Annie Herring and Nelly Greisen The All Saved Freak Band was an early Christian rock band formed in 1968. Servant was a Canadian Christian rock group that grew out of the counter-culture Jesus Movement of the sixties and seventies Petra was a prominent Christian rock band regarded by many as a pioneer of the Christian rock and of the Contemporary Christian music genres Resurrection Band, also known as Rez Band or REZ, is a Christian rock band Philip Tyler Keaggy (born March 23, 1951 in Youngstown, Ohio He was heavily involved in drugs at the time and that same day was badly hurt Randy Stonehill (born March 12, 1952) is an American Singer/songwriter from Stockton California, best known as one of the so-called Randy Matthews (1951-) is a Christian singer-songwriter guitarist and pioneer of Jesus music. Andraé Edward Crouch (born July 1, 1942, in San Francisco, California Musical career His first group was the Church of God Keith Gordon Green ( October 21, 1953 – July 28, 1982) was an American gospel Singer, Songwriter Larry David Norman ( April 8 1947 &ndash February 24 2008) was an American musician singer songwriter and producer The Joyful Noise Band traveled with a Christian community throughout the U. S. & Europe, performing in festivals held underneath giant tents. In the UK, Malcolm and Alwyn were the most notable agents of the gospel beat. Malcolm and Alwyn were a popular British Jesus music group in the 1970s playing Beatles -influenced rock music with lyrics reflecting their conversion to Christianity

Organizations

Belmont Church Of Christ

Nashville saw a tremendous resurgence of interest in Jesus among the hippies, the street people and the unchurched college students of Music City in the early 1970s. It began independently of the other Jesus Movement oases of the day, most of them being on the USA West Coast. In 1971 a young pastor was ejected from a local college after ministering to some students implicated in a drug seizure on campus. Rev. Don Finto was called to an ailing old inner city church on Music Row between the public housing and several universities - Peabody, Vanderbilt and Belmont College etc. Music Row is an area just to the southwest of Downtown Nashville Tennessee that is home to hundreds of businesses related to the Country music, Gospel music Vanderbilt University is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in Nashville, Tennessee, Belmont University is a private, Coeducational Liberal arts university located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States Back in the summer of 1971, the roll had dropped to about 75 elderly members. The church had mainstream roots, but all that changed when the long-hairs showed up in shorts and with bare feet. When seating ran out, they sat in the window sills or on the stage. With a vision for reaching out in love to hurting youth, Don and his friends were dedicated to turning the city upside down. It was not uncommon to find them walking the worst parts of Lower Broadway bringing good news to the hookers and addicts. Within a year or two the fellowship grew to hundreds and the famous Koinonia Coffee House was opened by Bob And Peggy Hughey. Koinonia had been an old "Five and Dime" store on Music Square that had closed down. The east coast Christian Music exploded on the scene, much of it started out of concerts in that old barnwood paneled Bookstore crammed to the walls with cross-legged youngsters on the shag rug every Friday and Saturday night. Christian music is music that is written to express either personal or a communal belief regarding Christian life The house band was Dogwood, and many a famous musician regularly hit the stage, including Amy Grant, Brown Bannister, Chris Christian, Don Francisco, Fireworks, Annie and Steve Chapman, Clay In The Potter's Hand and many others. Amy Lee Grant (born November 25 1960 in Augusta, Georgia) is an American Singer-songwriter, best known for her Contemporary Christian Brown Bannister is a CCM producer and songwriter Bannister released one album of his own Talk to One Another, in 1981 on NewPax Records, but is better Chris Christian (born as Lon Christian Smith in Abilene Texas) is a Songwriter, Record producer, and a record label executive Don Francisco (born February 28, 1946) is an independent American singer songwriter and musician specialising in the field of Contemporary Christian music

Shiloh Youth Revival Centers

The Shiloh Youth Revival Centers movement was the largest Jesus People communal movement in the United States in the 1970s. Founded by John Higgins in 1968 as a small communal house - House of Miracles - in Costa Mesa, CA, the movement quickly grew to a very large movement catering mostly to disaffected college-age youth. There were over 100,000 people involved and 175 communal houses established during its lifespan Two years after the movement's founding, Higgins and some of the core members of the movement bought 90 acres of land near Dexter, Oregon and built a new headquarters which they called "The Land". The movement grew quickly until the mid-1970s when increasing competition and high turn-over rates likely slowed its growth. However, in the spring of 1978, the board members of the fledgling religion forced the resignation of the charismatic leader of the movement, John Higgins, alleging the improper use of the growing funds of the movement. Rather than fight the board's recommendations, Higgins stepped down and the movement quickly dissolved. Higgins is currently the Pastor of Calvary Chapel in Tempe, Arizona. Several individuals remained on the Oregon property as caretakers, but an eventual legal battle with the IRS over the charitable status of incomes earned by members during the movements existence ultimately led to the complete dissolution and liquidation of the movement and its assets in 1989.

While membership in the movement was voluntary, it was also communal and required substantial commitment. To join the movement, members were expected to make a commitment to Jesus Christ and, in return, they would be given free food, clothes, shelter, and medical care. All members worked together for the support of the ministry, so all wages went into the common fund.

Calvary Chapel

Unlike many other Christian movements, there was no single leader or figurehead of the Jesus movement. Some of the larger names include Duane Pederson, founding editor of the Hollywood Free Paper; Jack Sparks, who led the Christian World Liberation Front, as well as: Lonnie Frisbee, who worked for a time along with Chuck Smith, who founded the Calvary Chapel movement. The Rev Fr Duane Pederson is a former Jesus freak and leader of the Jesus Movement who in his capacity as founding editor of the Hollywood Free Paper Lonnie Frisbee (6 June 1949 Costa Mesa, California – 12 March 1993 was an American Pentecostal evangelist and self-described "seeing Charles Ward “Chuck” Smith (born 25 June 1927 is the senior Pastor of Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa. Calvary Chapel, a Non-denominational, Evangelical fellowship of Christian churches began in 1965 in Southern California. Frisbee was a key evangelist during the growth of the Calvary churches; Smith was one of the few pastors who welcomed in the Jesus Freaks, and thus allowed for the dramatic future growth of his affiliate church network. Jesus freak, while initially a Pejorative term for those involved in the Jesus movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s was quickly embraced by them and soon broadened Sparks and Pederson later became priests in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The international Potter's House Church (CFM) was birthed out of this movement. The Potter's House Christian Fellowship (aka the Potter's House Christian Church or simply The Potter's House as well as The Door and Victory

Children of God

Another early leader was Linda Meissner, who formed the Jesus People Army in Seattle. She later joined her group with the Children of God, not discovering until later the controversial practices of that group. The Children of God (COG later known as the Family of Love, the Family, and now the Family International (TFI is a Christian religious group widely

His Young People

A short lived group founded during the Jesus Movement was His Young People. Started as a home Bible study group in the winter of 1971 by former Foursquare Preacher Dave Compton, His Young People grew to 300-400 youth meeting 4 times a week at Dave Compton's Diamond Bar, California three-car garage. The group was abruptly ended in early 1972 when Dave Compton met an untimely death at the age of 34 when tossed from a horse. Many of the new converts at His Young People came out of the hippie/rock 'n roll/drug culture of the early 70's. The Children of God, a group of Brethren Christian believers and others tried to take over the group after Dave Compton's death but most of the group either filtered out, went to Christian Chapel of Walnut Valley or joined Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa (Pastor Chuck Smith). A number of the His Young People converts went on to become church leaders and pastors.

Jesus People USA

One of Meissner's disciples was Jim Palosaari, who, along with his wife, Sue, started a number of Christian communes, discipleship schools (to develop theological depth), and rock bands. James "Jim" Michael Palosaari was an evangelist and one of the leaders in the Jesus Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his ministry. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. A musical ensemble is a group of two or more Musicians who perform instrumental or vocal Music. One group toured through Europe, developing Christian music and drama. Another eventually became Jesus People USA (JPUSA), the largest and most enduring of the Jesus people communes. Jesus People USA ( JPUSA) is a Christian Intentional community in Uptown, on the North Side of Chicago Illinois.

Jesus Army

In the UK, the Jesus Army was among the groups most influenced by the Jesus movement, embracing (former) hippies, bikers and drug addicts, among others. The Jesus Army is the outreach ministry of the Jesus Fellowship Church, an evangelical Christian movement based in the United Kingdom. Many of the church adopted a communal lifestyle, which continues to this day.

Christ Is The Answer

Beginning in 1971, Christ Is The Answer took the concept of Christian community in a unique direction. Originally comprised of former hippies, musicians, and artists, this mobile group featured Christian rock music, theatrical presentations, and discipleship preaching underneath a giant tent ( a la Jesus Christ Superstar and Godspell). Jesus Christ Superstar is a Rock opera by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber. This article is about the musical For the movie see Godspell (film. Their traveling festivals were held in cities throughout the U. S. & Europe. CITA's New Manna national street paper was cutting-edge with its challenging editorial content, relevant cartoons, and observations about mainstream society and church life. Evangelistic outreach teams were sent to various nations throughout the world, many of which are still in operation today.

Fellowship House Church

Steve Freeman and others opened the Kingdom Come Christian Coffee House in Greenville, South Carolina, in 1971. Greenville is a mid-sized city located in the upstate of South Carolina. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Each Saturday night hippies and Jesus People gathered for worship, songs and fellowship. In 1972, several people who were highly involved in the Kingdom Come graduated from high schools and dispersed in several colleges and universities throughout the Southeastern United States. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Each one started a Fellowship House Church. Maynard Pittendreigh established one at Erskine College, Jay Holmes established one at the University of South Carolina, Steve Freeman established on at Furman University, etc. The Rev Dr W Maynard Pittendreigh is an Astronomer, writer and an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (USA. Erskine College is a four year Christian Liberal arts college located in Due West South Carolina. This article is about the University of South Carolina in Columbia Steven Jay Freeman (born May 8, 1953 in Lamesa, Texas) is a former American football Defensive back. Furman University is a private, Coeducational non-sectarian University in Greenville, South Carolina, United States Leadership moved from Steve Freeman to a charismatic preacher named Erskine Holt, a self-described apostle of the movement who lived in Florida. Erskine Leo Holt ( February 8, 1915 in Indiana - July 11, 2003 in Zephyrhills Florida) was Christian minister missionary and religious By 1973, nearly every campus throughout Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia had Fellowship House Churches. These generally died out by 1977, with many of the members moving to more traditional campus ministries. Many, however, moved onto similar ministry in such organizations as Calvary Chapel. Calvary Chapel, a Non-denominational, Evangelical fellowship of Christian churches began in 1965 in Southern California.

Decline and legacy

Perhaps the height of the Jesus movement was in the week-long gathering in Dallas, Texas known as Explo '72, which brought the hippies of the Jesus movement together with young people from traditional, Christian families and churches. Explo '72 was an evangelistic conference sponsored by Campus Crusade for Christ, planned and directed by Paul Eshleman The event was organized by the very traditional Campus Crusade for Christ and involved such traditional leaders as Bill Bright and Billy Graham. Campus Crusade for Christ is an Interdenominational Christian organization that promotes Evangelism and discipleship in over 190 countries around William R "Bill" Bright ( October 19, 1921 – July 19, 2003) was an American evangelist. William Franklin Graham Jr KBE (born November 7 1918 better known as Billy Graham, is an evangelist and an Evangelical Christian Many of the young Jesus People attending Explo '72 discovered for the first time these and other traditional avenues of Christian worship and experience. While Explo served as the height of the Jesus movement, in many ways it provided an exit from the movement for many of its members.

References

Bibliography

See also

• Hippy
• Pentecostalism
• Calvary Chapel
• Children of God
• Lonnie Frisbee
• Jesus freak
• Jesus Freaks (youth movement)
• Potter's House Christian Fellowship
• Shiloh Youth Revival Centers
• Mind Garage

External links

• Lonnie Frisbee
• Jesus movement Video Mpeg
• Jesus Army
• JPUSA
• One-Way.org
• Remembering the Jesus Movement
• The Jesus People Movement
• Palosaari's Page
• Hollywood Free Paper and Movement history
• Jesus Movements Past and Present
• HippieChristian.org
• JesusFreak.com
• The Jesus Revolution
• WordJourney.com
• Time Magazine June, 1971: "The New Rebel Cry: Jesus Is Coming!"
• Shiloh Youth Revival Centers