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A Jesus bloodline is a hypothetical two-millenia-old sequence of direct descendants of the historical Jesus and Mary Magdalene or some other woman usually portrayed as his alleged wife or a religious prostitute. A hypothesis (from Greek) consists either of a suggested explanation for a phenomenon (an event that is observable or of a reasoned proposal suggesting a possible The historical Jesus is Jesus of Nazareth as reconstructed by historians using Historical methods These historical methods use critical Saint Mary Magdalen or Mary Magdalene is described both in the canonical New Testament and in the New Testament apocrypha, as a devoted Religious prostitution, sacred prostitution or temple prostitution is the practice of having Sexual intercourse (with a person other than one's spouse There is no historical, biblical, apocryphal, archaeological, genealogical or genetic evidence which conclusively supports or refutes this modern hypothesis. New Testament apocrypha are a number of writings of the early Christian church that give accounts of the teachings of Jesus, aspects of the life of Jesus accounts For the movement associated with William F Albright and known as Biblical archaeology see Biblical archaeology school. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of Genetic genealogy is the application of Genetics to traditional genealogy. Different versions of the Jesus bloodline hypothesis have been promoted by numerous books, websites and films of non-fiction and fiction in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which have almost all been dismissed as works of pseudohistory and conspiracy theory by professional historians and scholars from related fields. Pseudohistory is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines A conspiracy theory attributes the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually Political, Social or Historical events or the concealment [1] The hypothetical Jesus bloodline should not be confused with the biblical genealogy of Jesus or the historical relatives of Jesus and their descendants known as the Desposyni. The genealogy of Jesus through Joseph is given by two passages from the Gospels, Matthew and Luke. The Desposyni (plural from Greek ( desposynos) "of or belonging to the master or lord" as in Gr

Contents

History of the hypothesis

The Jesus bloodline hypothesis, which held that the historical Jesus had married Mary Magdalene and fathered a child with her, was first postulated by Donovan Joyce in his 1973 book The Jesus Scroll. The historical Jesus is Jesus of Nazareth as reconstructed by historians using Historical methods These historical methods use critical Saint Mary Magdalen or Mary Magdalene is described both in the canonical New Testament and in the New Testament apocrypha, as a devoted Donovan Maxwell Joyce ( 31 October, 1910 - 16 October, 1980) is known as the author of the international best-seller The Jesus The Jesus Scroll was a best-selling book first published in 1972 and written by Australian author Donovan Joyce. [2] In his 1977 book Jesus died in Kashmir: Jesus, Moses and the ten lost tribes of Israel, Andreas Faber-Kaiser explored the legend that Jesus met, married and had several children with a Kashmiri woman. The Kashmiri people ( Kashmiri: कॉशुर کٲشُر Koshur) are a Dardic ethnic group living in the central valley of Kashmir in The author also interviewed the late Basharat Saleem who claimed to be a descendant of Jesus. [3] Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, and Henry Lincoln developed and popularized the hypothesis that a bloodline from Jesus and Mary Magdalene eventually became the Merovingian dynasty in their 1982 controversial non-fiction book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail,[4] in which they asserted:

The symbolic significance of Jesus is that he is God exposed to the spectrum of human experience - exposed to the first-hand knowledge of what being a man entails. Michael Baigent is an Author and speculative historian who co-wrote a number of books that question mainstream perceptions of History and the life of Jesus Richard Leigh ( August 16, 1943 &ndash November 21, 2007) was a Novelist and Short story writer born in New Jersey Henry Lincoln (born 1930 is the most popular pseudonym of Henry Soskin, an English Writer and Actor. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin A dynasty is a succession of rulers who belong to the same family for generations This is a list of controversial non-fiction books aimed at the general reader which discuss controversial issues or have been (or were at the time of writing discussed for other reasons The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (retitled Holy Blood Holy Grail in the United States) is a controversial book by Michael Baigent But could God, incarnate as Jesus, truly claim to be a man, to encompass the spectrum of human experience, without coming to know two of the most basic, most elemental facets of the human condition? Could God claim to know the totality of human existence without confronting two such essential aspects of humanity as sexuality and paternity? We do not think so. In fact, we do not not think the Incarnation truly symbolises what it is intended to symbolise unless Jesus were married and sired children. The Incarnation is the belief in Christianity that Jesus Christ is the God of Israel in the flesh The Jesus of the Gospels, and of established Christianity, is ultimately incomplete - a God whose incarnation as man is only partial. The Jesus who emerged from our research enjoys, in our opinion, a much more valid claim to what Christianity would have him be. [4]

In her 1992 book Jesus and the Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Unlocking the Secrets of His Life Story, Barbara Thiering also developed a Jesus and Mary Magdalene bloodline hypothesis, basing her historical conclusions on her application of the so-called Pesher technique to the New Testament. Barbara Thiering (born 1930 is an Australian writer In books and journal articles she has attempted to challenge Christian orthodoxy, drawing on claimed new evidence Pesher (pl pesharim) is a Hebrew word meaning "interpretation" in the sense of "solution" [5] In her 1993 book The Woman with the Alabaster Jar: Mary Magdalen and the Holy Grail, Margaret Starbird developed the hypothesis that Saint Sarah was the daughter of Jesus and Mary Magdalene and that this was the source of the legend associated with the cult at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. Saint Sarah, also known as Sara-la-Kali ("Sara the black" Sara e Kali is the mythic Patron saint of the Roma (Gypsy people This article discusses cult in the original and typically ancient sense of "religious practice" (cultus Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (lit "Saint Marys of the Sea" Provençal Occitan Lei Santei Marias de la Mar) is the capital of the She also claimed that the name "Sarah" meant "Princess" in Hebrew, thus making her the forgotten child of the "sang raal", the blood royal of the King of the Jews. A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant [6]

The 1996 book Bloodline of the Holy Grail: The Hidden Lineage of Jesus Revealed by Laurence Gardner is unique in that it presents dubious pedigree charts of Jesus as the convenient ancestor of all the European royal families of the Common Era. Laurence Gardner is a writer and lecturer on Historical revisionism. A Pedigree Chart is a chart which tells someone all of the known Phenotypes for an Organism and its Ancestors most commonly humans show Dogs The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant The 2000 book Rex Deus: The True Mystery of Rennes-Le-Chateau and the Dynasty of Jesus by Marylin Hopkins, Graham Simmans and Tim Wallace-Murphy developed the hypothesis that a Jesus bloodline was part of a shadow dynasty descended from twenty-four high priests of the Temple in Jerusalem known as "Rex Deus" - the "Kings of God". Kohen Gadol or Kohen ha-Gadol ( Heb כהן גדול "Great Priest" is the title of High Priest of early Israelite Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name DeuS (Brut Des Flandres is a premium Belgian beer manufactured in Buggenhout, Belgium. [7]

The 2003 conspiracy fiction novel The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown accepted some or all of the above hypotheses as being valid. The conspiracy thriller (or paranoid thriller) is a subgenre of thriller fiction. The Da Vinci Code is a controversial mystery / detective Novel by US author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday Dan Brown (born June 22 1964 is an American Author of Thriller fiction, best known for the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code Elements of the Jesus bloodline hypothesis were propounded by the 2007 documentary film The Lost Tomb of Jesus by Simcha Jacobovici focusing on the Talpiot Tomb discovery,[8] which was also published as a book entitled The Jesus Family Tomb. The Lost Tomb of Jesus is a documentary co-produced and first broadcast on the Discovery Channel and Vision TV in Canada on Simcha Jacobovici (ˈsɪmxə jəˈkoʊboʊvɪtʃ is an award-winning controversial documentary film director and producer The Talpiot Tomb (or Talpiyot Tomb) is a Tomb discovered in 1980 in the East Talpiot Israeli neighborhood five kilometers south of the Old The Jesus Family Tomb The Discovery the Investigation and the Evidence That Could Change History (ISBN 0061192023 is a controversial book by Simcha Jacobovici [9]

Claimants

The following is a list of notable persons who have publicly claimed to be from a Jesus bloodline:

Religious adherence

In reaction to The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, The Da Vinci Code, and other controversial books on the same theme, a significant number of individuals in the New Age movement of the late 20th and early 21st centuries have adopted a religious devotion to a hypothetical Jesus bloodline. The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (retitled Holy Blood Holy Grail in the United States) is a controversial book by Michael Baigent The Da Vinci Code is a controversial mystery / detective Novel by US author Dan Brown, published in 2003 by Doubleday New Age ( New Age Movement and New Age Spirituality) is a Social Collective Phenomenon and a Spiritual Nature This article refers to the religious act For the album by Michael W [16] They expect this "holy bloodline" will eventually breed a direct descendant of Jesus who will become a messiah - a sacred king who rules a world government - during an event which they will interpret as the second coming of the Gnostic Christ and the dawn of the Age of Aquarius. In the case of Uncertainty, expectation is what is considered the most likely to happen This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions For the office under ancient Rome see Rex Sacrorum. In many historical societies the office of kingship carries a Sacral meaning that is it is World government is the concept of a political body that would make interpret and enforce International law. In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " For the song see Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In. For the album see The Age of Aquarius (album. [17]

The views of many of these "adherents of the bloodline" are influenced by the writings of academics and laymen who seek to challenge predominant Judeo-Christian beliefs and institutions through a systematic defense of the "sacred feminine". Judeo-Christian (or Judaeo-Christian, sometimes written as Judæo-Christian) is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held The sacred feminine is the mythic representation of the Mother goddess symbolized through images and events connected with fertility and reproduction from the earliest [18][19][20][21][22][23] These iconoclasts often portray Mary Magdalene as being the apostle of a Christian feminism, and even the personification of the mother goddess, usually associating her with the Black Madonna. Iconoclasm, Greek for "image-breaking" is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious Icons and other symbols or monuments Christian feminism is an aspect of Feminist theology which seeks to advance and understand the equality of Men and Women morally socially A mother goddess is a Goddess, often portrayed as the Earth Mother who serves as a general Fertility deity the bountiful embodiment of the Earth. A Black Madonna or Black Virgin is a statue or painting of Mary in which she is depicted with dark or black skin [24] Some, such as Margaret Starbird, wish the ceremony that celebrated the beginning of the alleged marriage of Jesus and Mary Magdalene to be viewed as a "holy wedding"; and Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and their alleged daughter, Sarah, to be viewed as a "holy family". Hieros Gamos ( Greek ιερός γάμος, "holy wedding" or Hierogamy (Greek ιερογαμία, again "holy wedding" Saint Sarah, also known as Sara-la-Kali ("Sara the black" Sara e Kali is the mythic Patron saint of the Roma (Gypsy people The Holy Family consists of the Child Jesus, the Virgin Mary and St [25]

No mainstream Christian denomination (excluding some Restorationist movements) has adhered to a Jesus bloodline hypothesis as a doctrine or an object of uncritical devotion, since they maintain that Jesus, being God the Son, was perpetually celibate, continent and chaste, and metaphysically married to the Church; he died, was resurrected, ascended to heaven, and will eventually return bodily and visibly to earth, thereby making all Jesus bloodline hypotheses and related messianic expectations impossible. Denominationalism|List of Christian denominations|Church (disambiguation A Christian denomination is an identifiable religious body under a common name structure and doctrine within For other usages see Restoration (general disambiguation Apokatastasis (universal restoration Christian Zionism (restoration of Israel and Doctrine (Latin doctrina) is a codification of beliefs or "a body of teachings quot or "instructions" taught principles or positions as the God the Son is the second person of the Trinity in Christian Theology. Clerical celibacy is the practice in various religious traditions, in which Clergy, Monastics and those (of either sex in religious orders adopt a Saint Mary Magdalen or Mary Magdalene is described both in the canonical New Testament and in the New Testament apocrypha, as a devoted The crucifixion of Jesus is an event recorded in all four Gospels (;;) which takes place after his arrest and trial and includes his scourging Within the body of Christian beliefs the resurrection of Jesus is a core event on which much of Christian doctrine and theology depend The general and most common understanding of the Christian Doctrine of Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to Heaven in the presence Messianism is any field of Philosophy which concerns itself with the interpretations of stories about a world Hero or the establishment of an Utopia. [16]

Many fundamentalist Christians believe the Antichrist, prophesied in the Book of Revelation, plans to present himself as descended from the Davidic line to bolster his false claim that he is the Jewish Messiah. Fundamentalist Christianity, also known as Christian Fundamentalism or Fundamentalist Evangelicalism, is a movement that arose mainly within British and For other uses see Antichrist (disambiguation In Christian eschatology, the Antichrist or anti-Christ means a person office The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου The Davidic line, known in Hebrew as Malkhut Beit David (מלכות בית דויד( "Monarchy of the House of David") refers to the Messiah ( משיח; mashiah, moshiah, mashiach, or moshiach, ("anointed " is a term used in the Hebrew Bible The intention of such propaganda would be to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of Jews and philo-Semites to achieve his Satanic objectives. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Philo-Semitism, Philosemitism, or Judeophilia is an interest in respect for and appreciation of the Jewish people their historical significance and the Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally [26]

Criticism

The Jesus bloodline hypothesis parallels other legends about the flight of disciples to distant lands, such as the one depicting Joseph of Arimathea traveling to England after the death of Jesus, taking with him a piece of thorn from the Crown of Thorns, which he later planted in Glastonbury. A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his ministry. Joseph of Arimathea was according to the Gospels, the man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after Jesus' Crucifixion England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In Christianity the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was the woven chaplet of thorn branches worn by Jesus before his Crucifixion Glastonbury is a small town in Somerset, England, situated at a Dry point on the Somerset Levels, south of Bristol. Historians generally regard these legends as "pious fraud" produced during the Middle Ages. A pious fraud a term used to describe people who perform Fraud in Religion (for example a pious fraud fakes Miracles or Psychic surgery) because [27][28][29]

The Jesus bloodline hypothesis from the book The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail is not contained in any of the "Priory of Sion documents" and was dismissed as fiction by Pierre Plantard in 1982 on a French radio interview, as well as by Philippe de Cherisey in a magazine article. The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (retitled Holy Blood Holy Grail in the United States) is a controversial book by Michael Baigent The Dossiers Secrets d'Henri Lobineau ("Secret Files of Henri Lobineau" in English) is a 27 page document that was deposited in the Bibliothèque nationale Pierre Athanase Marie Plantard ( March 18, 1920 &ndash February 3, 2000) was a French draughtsman, best known for being The marquess Philippe de Chérisey ( February 13, 1923 &ndash July 17, 1985) was a French writer radio humorist and actor (under [30][31] Plantard only claimed that the Merovingians were descended from the Tribe of Benjamin,[32] which contradicts the hypothesis of a Jesus bloodline as the missing link between the Merovingian line and the Davidic line from the Tribe of Judah. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin The Tribe of Benjamin ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height the territory it occupied was sandwiched between that of Ephraim to the north and Judah The Davidic line, known in Hebrew as Malkhut Beit David (מלכות בית דויד( "Monarchy of the House of David") refers to the The Tribe of Judah ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height it was the leading tribe of the Kingdom of Judah, and occupied most of the territory of the kingdom The Desposyni (the relatives of Jesus and their descendants) are claimed to have existed in various anti-gnostic Christian texts that have only survived by way of quotations. The Desposyni (plural from Greek ( desposynos) "of or belonging to the master or lord" as in Gr Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems [33] However, the notion of a direct bloodline from Jesus and Mary Magdalene, and its supposed relationship to the Merovingians (as well as their alleged modern descendants: House of Habsburg, Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg, Clan Sinclair, House of Stuart, House of Cavendish, and other noble families), is strongly dismissed as pseudohistorical by an overwhelming majority of Christian and secular historians such as Darrell Bock and Bart Ehrman,[34][35] as have journalists and investigators such as Jean-Luc Chaumeil, who has an extensive archive on this subject matter. The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ( House of Nassau-Weilburg, agnatically a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon) consists of the extended Clan Sinclair is a Scottish clan of highland extraction with lands in the north of Scotland, the Orkney Islands, and the Lothians The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Cavendish is the surname of a British noble family also known as the House of Cavendish, descended from Sir John Cavendish of Cavendish in the county of Pseudohistory is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines

In 2005, UK TV presenter and amateur archaeologist Tony Robinson edited and narrated a detailed rebuttal of the main arguments of Dan Brown and those of Baigent, Leigh, and Lincoln, "The Real Da Vinci Code", shown on Channel 4. Dr Tony Robinson (born 15 August 1946 in Leytonstone, London) is an English Actor, broadcaster and Channel 4 is a public-service Television and Radio broadcaster in the United Kingdom centred around a television channel of the same name which began [36] The programme featured lengthy interviews with many of the main protagonists, and cast severe doubt on the alleged landing of Mary Magdalene in France, among other related myths, by interviewing on film the inhabitants of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, the centre of the cult of Saint Sarah. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (lit "Saint Marys of the Sea" Provençal Occitan Lei Santei Marias de la Mar) is the capital of the

The speculation surrounding a Rex Deus bloodline is based upon dubious historical evidence that has been supposedly lost, therefore conveniently cannot be independently verified. The authors' informant who related this pseudohistory (which is based on the work of Barbara Thiering) is named "Michael", who claimed that the evidence was contained in his late father's bureau, which was sold his brother blissfully unaware of its contents. Michel Roger Lafosse (b 21 April 1958, Watermael-Boitsfort, Brussels Belgium) subsequently known as Michael James Alexander Stewart of [7]

Robert Lockwood, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh’s director for communications, sees the myth of a Church conspiring to cover-up the historical Jesus and his hypothetical bloodline as a deliberate piece of anti-Catholic propaganda. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh ( Latin: Dioecesis Pittsburgensis) is a Roman Catholic Diocese; it was established in Western Pennsylvania A cover-up is an attempt whether successful or not to conceal evidence of wrong-doing error Incompetence, or other embarrassing information Anti-Catholicism is a generic term for Discrimination, hostility or Prejudice directed at the Roman Catholic Church or its followers He sees it as part of a long tradition of anti-Catholic sentiment, with deep roots in the American Protestant imagination but going back to the very start of the Reformation of 1517. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time [37]

The Fellows of the Jesus Seminar, a group of scholars involved in the quest for the historical Jesus from a liberal Christian perspective, concluded that the notion that Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene or some other woman (regardless of whether this union produced any children) is possible, and should not be viewed as "heretical", "blasphemous" or "anti-Christian". The Jesus Seminar is a group of about 150 individuals including scholars with advanced degrees in Biblical studies, Religious studies or related fields as well as This article is about the history of academic Jesus research For the book "The Quest of the Historical Jesus A Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede" For liberal political views within Christianity see Christian left. Heresy is an introduced change to some system of belief especially a religion that conflicts with the previously established canon of that belief Blasphemy is the disrespectful use of the name of one or more gods. Anti-christian sentiment is a negative Bias against Christians or the Religion of Christianity. They argue that there is no historical evidence which conclusively supports or refutes such a notion. [38]

Ultimately, the notion that a person living millennia ago has a small number of descendants living today is statistically improbable. [39] Steve Olson, author of Mapping Human History: Genes, Race, and Our Common Origins, published an article in Nature demonstrating that, as a matter of statistical probability, "[i]f anyone living today is descended from Jesus, so are most of us on the planet. "[40] Historian Ken Mondschein ridiculed the notion that the bloodline of Jesus and Mary Magdalene could have been preserved: "Infant mortality in pre-modern times was ridiculously high, and you'd only need one childhood accident or disease in 2,000 years to wipe out the bloodline … keep the children of Christ marrying each other, on the other hand, and eventually they'd be so inbred that the sons of God would have flippers for feet. Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births Inbreeding is breeding between close Relatives whether plant or animal There are several theories concerning the identity of the sons of God (b'nei elohim בני האלהים contrasted with "daughters of men" identified in the book of "[41]

Notes

  1. ^ Bart Ehrman, Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0195181401, quoted at [1]
  2. ^ Donovan Joyce, The Jesus Scroll, a time bomb for Christianity? p. 97-98 (Sphere Books, 1975; ISBN 0 7221 5103 9).
  3. ^ Andreas Faber-Kaiser, Jesus died in Kashmir: Jesus, Moses and the Ten lost Tribes of Israel (London: Gordon and Cremonesi; 1977).
  4. ^ a b Baigent, Michael; Leigh, Richard; Lincoln, Henry (1982). Michael Baigent is an Author and speculative historian who co-wrote a number of books that question mainstream perceptions of History and the life of Jesus Richard Leigh ( August 16, 1943 &ndash November 21, 2007) was a Novelist and Short story writer born in New Jersey Henry Lincoln (born 1930 is the most popular pseudonym of Henry Soskin, an English Writer and Actor. The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail (retitled Holy Blood Holy Grail in the United States) is a controversial book by Michael Baigent Corgi. ISBN 0-552-12138-X.  
  5. ^ For a discussion between Barbara Thiering and Geza Vermes surrounding this, see http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2065
  6. ^ Margaret Starbird, The Woman with the Alabaster Jar: Mary Magdalen and the Holy Grail, Bear & Company, 1993. Géza Vermes ThD D Litt (ˈɡeːz̻ɒ ˈvɛr̪mɛʃ born 22 June 1924) is a Hungarian scholar and writer on religious history particularly
  7. ^ a b (2000) Rex Deus: The True Mystery of Rennes-Le-Chateau. Element Books. ISBN 1862044724.  
  8. ^ The Lost Tomb of Jesus (The Discovery Channel), first transmitted on 4 March 2007.
  9. ^ Simcha Jacobovici and Charles Pellegrino,The Jesus Family Tomb: The Discovery, the Investigation, and the Evidence That Could Change History(HarperOne, 2007). The Jesus Family Tomb The Discovery the Investigation and the Evidence That Could Change History (ISBN 0061192023 is a controversial book by Simcha Jacobovici
  10. ^ The Tomb of Jesus Christ
  11. ^ Mystery of the Martyr's Tomb: Part Two
  12. ^ Laurence Gardner, Bloodline of the Holy Grail: The Hidden Lineage of Jesus Revealed p. 338 (Element Books Limited; 1996).
  13. ^ The Man Who Would Be King
  14. ^ Los Angeles Times (2006). The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed "Author takes leap of faith with theory of Mary Magdalene". Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  15. ^ Carol Memmott (2006). "Is this woman the living 'Code'?". Retrieved on 2008-04-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  16. ^ a b Bertrand Ouellet, "“But you, who do you say that I am?” Proclaiming Jesus Christ after the Da Vinci tsunami", officecom. qc. ca, 2006. Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
  17. ^ Baigent, Michael; Leigh, Richard; Lincoln, Henry (1987). The Messianic Legacy. Dell. ISBN 0-440-20319-8.  
  18. ^ L. Shannon Andersen, The Magdalene Awakening (Pelican Press, 2006).
  19. ^ Siobhan Houston, Invoking Mary Magdalene: Accessing the Wisdom of the Divine Feminine (Integrated book and CD; Sounds True; Har/Com edition; 2007).
  20. ^ Bettye Johnson, Secrets of the Magdalene Scrolls: The Forbidden Truth of the Life And Times of Mary Magdalene (Living Free Press; 2005).
  21. ^ Claire Nahmad and Margaret Bailey, The Secret Teachings of Mary Magdalene: Including the Lost Verses of The Gospel of Mary, Revealed and Published for the First Time (Watkins; 2006).
  22. ^ Elizabeth Clare Prophet, Mary Magdalene and the Divine Feminine: Jesus’ Lost Teachings on Woman (Summit University Press; 2005).
  23. ^ Gail Swanson, The Heart of Love – Mary Magdalene Speaks (Lightning Source; 2006).
  24. ^ Ean Begg, The Cult of the Black Virgin (1985).
  25. ^ Margaret Starbird, The Woman with the Alabaster Jar: Mary Magdalen and the Holy Grail (Bear & Company; 1993).
  26. ^ Merrill Simon (1999 (first edition)). Jerry Falwell and the Jews. Jonathan David Pub.  
  27. ^ Roger Sherman Loomis (Editor),Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages. A collaborative history. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1959.
  28. ^ Reginald Francis Treharne, The Glastonbury Legends: Joseph of Arimathea, the Holy Grail and King Arthur, London, Cresset Press, 1969
  29. ^ Joseph Armitage Robinson, Two Glastonbury Legends: King Arthur and St Joseph of Arimathea, University Press, Cambridge, 1926
  30. ^ Quoting Pierre Plantard: "I admit that 'The Sacred Enigma' (French title for 'The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail') is a good book, but one must say that there is a part that owes more to fiction than to fact, especially in the part that deals with the lineage of Jesus. How can you prove a lineage of four centuries from Jesus to the Merovingians? I have never put myself forward as a descendant of Jesus Christ" (Jacques Pradel radio interview on 'France-Inter', 18 February 1982).
  31. ^ Philippe de Chérisey, Jesus Christ, his wife and the Merovingians (Nostra – 'Bizarre News' N° 584, 1983).
  32. ^ Pierre Jarnac, Les Mystères de Rennes-le-Château: Mèlange Sulfureux (CERT, 1994),
  33. ^ The alleged testimony of Hegesippus, quoted in the Ecclesiastical History by Eusebius of Caesarea.
  34. ^ Darrell L. Bock, Was Jesus Married?
  35. ^ Bart Ehrman, Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0195181401, quoted at [2]
  36. ^ The Real Da Vinci Code, Channel Four Television, presented by Tony Robinson, transmitted on 3 February 2005
  37. ^ Maier, Craig. ‘Da Vinci’ proves Catholic in Pittburgh Catholic, April 27, 2006
  38. ^ The Acts of Jesus: The Search for the Authentic Deeds of Jesus (1998), Harper SanFrancisco, ISBN 0-06-062979-7
  39. ^ F. M. Lancaster, The Ancestor Paradox
  40. ^ Olson, Steve. Why We're All Jesus' Children in Slate, March 15, 2006
  41. ^ Thompson, Damian (2008). Slate is an English-language online current affairs and culture Magazine created in 1996 by former New Republic editor Michael "How Da Vinci Code tapped pseudo-fact hunger". Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.
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