Bailiwick of Jersey Bailliage de Jersey
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: "God Save the Queen" (official) "Ma Normandie" ("My Normandy") (official for occasions when distinguishing anthem required) "Island Home" (proposed new official anthem as of May 2008)
Location of  Jersey  (Dark Green)
Capital (and largest city)		Saint Helier 49°11.401′N, 2°06.600′W
Official languages		English, French
Recognised regional languages		Jèrriais
Government		Parliamentary Democracy, Constitutional Kingdom, Crown dependency
-	Chief of state	Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy
-	Lt. Governor	Lt. The flag of Jersey was adopted by the States of Jersey on June 12, 1979, proclaimed by the Queen on December 10, 1980 and The Coat of arms of Jersey is a red shield with three gold lions (traditionally known as leopards passant guardant ( les trois léopards in French A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National " Ma Normandie " is the semi-official anthem of the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency in the Channel Islands, and was written The following statistics describe the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. Saint Helier ( French language: Saint-Hélier, Jèrriais: St Hélyi) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, the largest An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A regional language is a Language spoken in an area of a Nation state, whether it be a small area a federal State or Province, or Jèrriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The Lieutenant Governor of Jersey is the representative of the British monarch in the Bailiwick of Jersey, a Crown dependency of the British Crown Gen. Andrew Ridgway
-	Bailiff	Sir Philip Bailhache
-	Chief Minister	Senator Frank Walker
Status		British Crown dependency
-	Separation from mainland Normandy	1204
-	Liberation from German occupation	9 May 1945
Area
-	Total	116 km² (219th) 45 sq mi
-	Water (%)	0
Population
-	Dec 2007 estimate	90,8001 (190th)
-	Density	7801/km² (12th²) 2,018/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2003 estimate
-	Total	£3. Lieutenant General Andrew Peter Ridgway, CB, CBE, became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey from 14 June 2006 after a long This is a list of bailiffs of Jersey. In 1290, separate bailiffs for Guernsey and Jersey were appointed Sir Philip Martin Bailhache KBE (born February 28 1946) is the Bailiff of Jersey in the Channel Islands. The Chief Minister of Jersey (French Premier Ministre de Jersey) is the Head of government of Jersey. Frank Harrison Walker is the first and current Chief Minister of Jersey, elected in 2005 by fellow States members The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United Liberation Day is a Day, often a Public holiday, that marks the liberation of a place similar to an Independence day. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 6 billion (167th)
-	Per capita	£40,000 (2003 estimate) (6th)
HDI (n/a)		n/a (n/a) (n/a)
Currency		Pound sterling³ (GBP)
Time zone		GMT
-	Summer (DST)	(UTC+1)
Internet TLD		.je
Calling code		+44  spec. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London Daylight saving time ( DST A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E 44-1534 (landline) +44-7797      (Jersey Telecom mobile) +44-7700      (Sure mobile) +44-7829      (Airtel-Vodafone mobile)
Patron saint		St. Helier
1	Jersey’s Resident Population 2007
2	Rank based on population density of Channel Islands including Guernsey. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Saint Helier, a 6th century ascetic Hermit, is Patron saint of Jersey in the Channel Islands, and in particular of the town and Parish The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
3	The States of Jersey issue their own sterling notes and coins (see Jersey pound). The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The pound is the currency of Jersey. Jersey is in Currency union with the United Kingdom and the Jersey pound is not a separate currency but is an issue of banknotes

The Bailiwick of Jersey (Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency^[1] off the coast of Normandy, France. Jèrriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France. The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[2] As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes the nearly uninhabited islands of the Minquiers, Écréhous, the Pierres de Lecq^[3] and other rocks and reefs. A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a Bailiff. The term was also applied to a territory in which the Sheriff 's functions were exercised by a privately appointed The Minquiers ( Les Minquiers; in Jèrriais: Les Mîntchièrs; nicknamed "the Minkies" in local English are a group of Islands and The Écréhous (or Les Écréhous; in Jèrriais: Êcrého) are a groups of Islands and rocks situated six miles north-east of Jersey Les Pierres de Lecq ( Jèrriais: Les Pièrres dé Lé) or the Paternosters are a group of uninhabitable rocks or a reef in the Bailiwick of Jersey Together with the bailiwick of Guernsey it forms the grouping known as the Channel Islands. A bailiwick is the area of jurisdiction of a Bailiff. The term was also applied to a territory in which the Sheriff 's functions were exercised by a privately appointed The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands The defence of all these islands is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located However, Jersey is part of neither the UK nor the European Union; rather, like the Isle of Man, it is a separate possession of the Crown. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government Jersey belongs to the Common Travel Area. The Common Travel Area is a passport-free zone that comprises the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey

History

Main article: History of Jersey

Jersey history is influenced by its strategic location between the northern coast of France and the southern coast of England; the island's recorded history extends over a thousand years. The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy that held sway in both France and

Evidence of bronze-age and early iron-age settlements can be found in many locations around the island. While archaeological evidence of Roman influence has been found, in particular the coastal headland site at Le Pinacle, Les Landes, where remains of a primitive structure are attributed to Roman temple worship (fanum),^[4] evidence for regular Roman occupation has yet to be established. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC

Formerly under the control of Brittany and named Angia (also spelled Agna ^[5]), Jersey became subject to Viking influence in the ninth century, one of the "Norman Islands". The name for Jersey itself is sourced from a Viking heritage: the Norse suffix -ey for island can be found in many places around the northern European coasts. However, the significance of the first part of the island's toponym is unclear. Among theories are that it derives from jarth (Old Norse: "earth") or jarl, or perhaps a personal name, Geirr, to give "Geirr's Island". Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age Earl was the Anglo-Saxon form and jarl the Scandinavian form of a title meaning " Chieftain " and referring especially to chieftains ^[6] Alternatively support for a Celtic origin can be made with reference to the Gaulish gar- (oak), ceton (forest). It is also said to be a corruption of the Latin Caesarea, the Roman name for the island, influenced by Old English suffix -ey for "island";^[7][8] this is plausible if regional pronunciation of Latin implied that Caesarea was not IPA: [kaisarea] but [tʃeːsarea]. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

The island was eventually annexed to the Duchy of Normandy by William Longsword, Duke of Normandy in 933; his descendant, William the Conqueror, conquered England in 1066, which led to the Duchy of Normandy and the kingdom of England being governed under one monarch. The Duchy of Normandy stems from various Danish, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish ( from the Danelaw) invasions of William I Longsword ( French: Guillaume Longue-Épée, Latin: Willermus Longa Spata, Scandinavian: Viljâlmr Langaspjôt Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages The Duchy of Normandy stems from various Danish, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish ( from the Danelaw) invasions of England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[9] The Dukes of Normandy owned considerable estates on the island, and Norman families living on their estates founded many of the historical Norman-French Jersey family names. King John lost all his territories in mainland Normandy in 1204 to King Philip II Augustus, but retained possession of Jersey, along with Guernsey and the other Channel Islands; the islands have been internally self-governing since. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death Philip II Augustus (Philippe Auguste ( 21 August[[ 165]] &ndash 14 July 1223) was the King of France from 1180 until his death ^[10]

Islanders became involved with the Newfoundland fisheries in the late sixteenth century. Newfoundland — ˈn(jufənˌlænd (Terre-Neuve Talamh an Éisc — is a large island 15 km off the east coast of ^[11] In recognition for all the help given to him during his exile in Jersey in the 1640s, Charles II gave George Carteret, bailiff and governor, a large grant of land in the American colonies, which he promptly named New Jersey, now part of the United States of America. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[12][13]

Trade laid the foundations of prosperity, aided by neutrality between England and France. ^[14] The Jersey way of life involved agriculture, milling, fishing, shipbuilding, and production of woollen goods until nineteenth-century improvements in transport links brought tourism to the Island. The Channel Islands have had a number of Windmills over the centuries

Jersey was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1 July 1940, and was held until 9 May 1945. The Occupation of the Channel Islands refers to the Military occupation of the Channel Islands by Germany during World War II which lasted "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar ^[15]

Politics

The States building in St Helier.

Main article: Politics of Jersey

Jersey's legislature is the States of Jersey. Politics of the Bailiwick of Jersey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic British Crown Dependency whereby The States of Jersey ( French: États de Jersey) is the Parliament of Jersey. It includes fifty-three elected members: twelve senators (elected for six-year terms), twelve constables (heads of parishes elected for three-year terms), twenty-nine deputies (elected for three-year terms); the Bailiff and the Deputy Bailiff (appointed to preside over the assembly and having a casting vote in favour of the status quo when presiding); and three non-voting members (the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General) appointed by the Crown. Elections in Jersey gives information on Elections and election results in Jersey. A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. A constable is a person holding a particular office most commonly in law enforcement. Chamber of deputies is the name given to a legislative body such as the Lower house of a Bicameral legislature or can refer to a Unicameral legislature Government departments are run by a cabinet of ministers under a Chief Minister. The Chief Minister of Jersey (French Premier Ministre de Jersey) is the Head of government of Jersey. The civil head of the Island is the Bailiff. The Bailiff is the first civil officer in each of the Channel Island Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey, serving as president of the legislature

All current States Members have been elected as independents. Formally constituted political parties are unfashionable, although groups of "like-minded members" act in concert. Senators are elected on an Island-wide mandate and Deputies are elected in their local area.

The Jersey Democratic Alliance is the only party currently having States Members, although these were elected as independents. The Jersey Democratic Alliance is a Centre-left political party in Jersey. The Centre Party (Jersey) has committed to only proposing candidates for Senatorial elections, though members are free to, and have, stood for Deputy as independents. Formation The Centre Party is a recently developed political party in Jersey. They would remain independent in the Chamber. Stuart Syvret is often reported to be of the Jersey Green Party. Stuart Syvret is a Jersey Politician, who has served as a Senator since 1990 and as Minister for Health and Social Services from 2005-2007 A Green party' or ecologist party is a formally organized Political party based on the principles of Green politics. ^[16]

The legal system is based on Norman customary law (including the Clameur de Haro), statute and English law; justice is administered by the Royal Court. Norman law refers to the customary law of Normandy which developed between the 10th and 13th centuries following the establishment of the The Clameur de Haro is an ancient legal Injunction of restraint employed by a person that believes they are being wronged by another at that moment English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of Common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the

Elizabeth II's traditional title as head of state is that of Duke of Normandy, but she does not hold that title formally. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the She reigns by her position as Queen over a crown dependency. Her representative in the island is the Lieutenant Governor, who has but a token involvement in island politics. Since 2006, the incumbent Lieutenant Governor has been Lieutenant General Andrew Ridgway. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the Lieutenant General Andrew Peter Ridgway, CB, CBE, became Lieutenant Governor of Jersey from 14 June 2006 after a long

Parishes

Main article: Parishes of Jersey

Administratively, Jersey is divided into twelve parishes. The Channel Island of Jersey is divided into twelve administrative districts or parishes All have access to the sea and are named after the saints to whom their The Channel Island of Jersey is divided into twelve administrative districts or parishes All have access to the sea and are named after the saints to whom their All have access to the sea and are named after the saints to whom their ancient parish churches are dedicated:

• Grouville (historically Saint Martin de Grouville; incorporating Les Minquiers)
• Saint Brélade
• Saint Clement
• Saint Helier
• Saint John
• Saint Lawrence
• Saint Martin (historically Saint Martin le Vieux; incorporating Les Écréhous)
• Saint Mary
• Saint Ouen
• Saint Peter
• Saint Saviour
• Trinity

The parishes of Jersey are further divided into vingtaines (or, in St. Grouville is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. The Minquiers ( Les Minquiers; in Jèrriais: Les Mîntchièrs; nicknamed "the Minkies" in local English are a group of Islands and Saint Brélade is one of the twelve Parishes of the Bailiwick of Jersey. Saint Clement ( Jèrriais: St Cliément is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Saint Helier ( French language: Saint-Hélier, Jèrriais: St Hélyi) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, the largest Saint John ( Jèrriais: St Jean is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Saint Lawrence ( Jèrriais: St Louothains is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Saint Martin ( Jèrriais: St Martîn is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. The Écréhous (or Les Écréhous; in Jèrriais: Êcrého) are a groups of Islands and rocks situated six miles north-east of Jersey Saint Mary ( Jèrriais: Sainte Mathie is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Le Pinacle Jerseyjpg|thumb|Prehistoric site of Le Pinacle]] Saint Ouen ( Jèrriais: St Ouën is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Saint Peter ( Jèrriais: St Pièrre is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Saint Saviour ( Jèrriais: St Saûveux/St Sauveur is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel Islands. Trinity ( French: La Trinité, Jèrriais: La Trinneté) is one of the twelve Parishes of Jersey in the Channel The Channel Island of Jersey is divided into twelve administrative districts or parishes All have access to the sea and are named after the saints to whom their A vingtaine (literally "group of twenty" in French) is a political subdivision of Jersey. Ouen, cueillettes), divisions which are historic and nowadays mostly used for purposes of local administration and electoral constituency.

The Constable (Connétable) is the head of each parish, elected at a public election for a three year term to run the parish and to represent the municipality in the States. The Procureur du Bien Public (two in each parish) is the legal and financial representative of the parish (elected at a public election since 2003 in accordance with the Public Elections (Amendment) (Jersey) Law 2003; formerly an Assembly of Electors of each parish elected the Procureurs in accordance with the Loi (1804) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales). A Procureur du Bien Public ( French = attorney of the public good) is the legal and financial representative of a parish in Jersey. A Procureur du Bien Public is elected for a mandate of three years as a public trustee for the funds and property of the parish and to be empowered to pass contract on behalf of the parish if so authorised by a Parish Assembly.

Centeniers are elected at a public election within each parish for a term of three years to undertake policing within the parish. A Centenier is a senior member of the Honorary Police of Jersey. The Centenier is the only officer authorised to charge and bail offenders. Formerly, the senior Centenier of each parish (known as the Chef de Police) deputised for the Constable in the States of Jersey when the Constable was unable to attend a sitting of the States. This function has now been abolished.

International relations

Jersey Airport greets travellers with "Welcome to Jersey" in Jèrriais. Jersey Airport is located in the parish of Saint Peter in Jersey, one of the British Crown dependencies in the Channel Islands.

Although diplomatic representation is reserved to the Crown, Jersey negotiates directly with foreign governments on matters within the competence of the States of Jersey. Jersey maintains a permanent non-diplomatic representation in Caen, the Bureau de Jersey, and a branch office in Rennes. Caen (kɑ̃ is a commune in northwestern France. It is the Prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the Rennes ( Gallo: Resnn, Roazhon Condate Condate Riedonum is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern A similar office, the Maison de Normandie, in St. Helier represents the Conseil général of Manche and the Conseil régional of Basse-Normandie and hosts the Consulate of France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Manche is a French department in Normandy named after La Manche ("the sleeve" which is the French name for the English A regional council (conseil régional is the elected assembly of a region of France. Basse-Normandie ('Lower Normandy' is an administrative region of France.

Jersey is a member of the British-Irish Council, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie. The British-Irish Council ( BIC) (Comhairle na Breataine-na hÉireann is a body created by the Belfast Agreement in 1998 and formally established on 2 December 1999 The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, previously known as the Empire Parliamentary Association, is an organsation of British origin which works to support The Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie ( APF) is an association of the Parliaments of Francophone countries Jersey is aiming to become a full member of the Commonwealth in its own right. ^[17]

Dicey and Morris (p26)^[18] list the separate States comprising the British Islands: "England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, [Herm] and Sark. . . is a separate country in the sense of the conflict of laws, though not one of them is a State known to public international law. "

In 2007, the Chief Minister and the UK Lord Chancellor signed an agreement^[19] which established a framework for the development of the international identity of Jersey. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. The agreement stated that:

• the UK has no democratic accountability in and for Jersey;
• the UK will not act internationally on behalf of Jersey without prior consultation;
• Jersey has an international identity which is different from that of the UK;
• the UK recognises that the interests of Jersey may differ from those of the UK, and the UK will seek to represent any differing interests when acting in an international capacity;
• the UK and Jersey will work together to resolve or clarify any differences which may arise between their respective interests.

In a survey of 700 people carried out by Channel Television in the summer of 2000, 68% supported independence from the United Kingdom. Channel Television is a British television station which has served as an Independent Television (ITV contractor to the Channel Islands since 1962 ^[20] Senator (now Deputy) Paul le Claire lodged a projet calling for Jersey's independence shortly thereafter. Subsequently, the Jersey Law Review published an editorial^[21] and articles touching on the possibility of full independence. ^[22] In 2007 the Chief Minister was reported^[23] as saying that Jersey had contingency plans in case independence were to be forced upon the Island or if Jersey wanted to move towards independence at a later date.

On 20 June 2007, Jersey signed an agreement^[24] regarding the exchange of information relating to tax matters. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. This was reported^[25] as the bailiwick's first tax treaty with a European state as a state in its own right (and the second after a similar agreement with the United States in 2002).

However, The Federal Court of Justice of Germany ruled on 1 July 2002 (case: II ZR 380/00), that under German law, for the purposes of § 110 of the German Civil Procedures Act (ZPO), Jersey is to be deemed to be part of the United Kingdom and of the European Union as well. The “ Federal Court of Justice of Germany ” ( German: “ Bundesgerichtshof ” or “ BGH ” is the highest court in the system of ordinary jurisdiction "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Geography

Satellite view of Jersey.

Map of islands of Bailiwick of Jersey

Main article: Geography of Jersey

Jersey is an island measuring 118. This article describes the Geography of Jersey, an island territory in the English Channel. 2 square kilometres^[1] (65,569 vergée / 46 sq mi), including reclaimed land and intertidal zone. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of A vergée or vergee is a unit of area a quarter of the French Acre. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. It lies in the English Channel, approximately 12 nautical miles (22 km/14 mi) from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy, France, and approximately 87 nautical miles (161 km/100 mi) south of Great Britain. A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of Length. It corresponds approximately to one minute of Latitude along any meridian. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The Cotentin Peninsula, also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula, is a Peninsula in Normandy, forming part of the north-western coast of France This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands ^[26] It is the largest and southernmost of the Channel Islands.

The climate is temperate with mild winters and cool summers. ^[27] The average annual temperature, 11. 6 °C (52. 9 °F) is similar to the South Coast of England while the mean annual total sunshine of 1918 hours^[28] is higher than anywhere in the United Kingdom. ^[29] The terrain consists of a plateau sloping from long sandy bays in the south to rugged cliffs in the north. The plateau is cut by valleys running generally north-south.

Economy

Main article: Economy of Jersey

Thanks to specialisation in a few high return sectors, at purchasing power parity Jersey has very high economic output per capita, substantially ahead of all of the world's large developed economies. Economy - overview The economy of Jersey is based largely on international Financial services, Agriculture The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. The CIA World Factbook estimate of Jersey's GDP per capita for 2005 is US$57,000, which was beaten only by two other small states with similar economic characteristics, Bermuda and Luxembourg. The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Jersey's economy is based on financial services, tourism, electronic commerce and agriculture; financial services contribute approximately sixty percent of the Island's economy,^[27] and the Island is recognised as one of the leading offshore financial centres. Financial services refer to services provided by the finance industry. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce' or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture An offshore financial centre (or OFC) although not precisely defined is usually a low- Tax, lightly Regulated jurisdiction which specializes in providing

In June 2005 the States introduced the Competition (Jersey) Law 2005 ^[30] in order to regulate competition and stimulate economic growth. Competition is a rivalry between individuals groups nations or animals for territory or resources This competition law was based on that of other jurisdictions.

Aside from its banking and finance underpinnings (and the finance industries supporting industries) Jersey also depends on tourism. In 2006 there were 729,000 visitors (down 3% on the previous year) but total visitor spending rose 1% to £222m. ^[31] Duty-free goods are available for purchase on travel to and from the Island.

Major agricultural products are potatoes and dairy produce. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae The source of milk is Jersey cattle, a small breed of cow that has also been acknowledged (though not widely so) for the quality of its meat. Jersey cattle are a small honey-brown breed of Dairy cattle. Originally bred on the British Channel Island of Jersey, the breed is popular for the ^[32][33] Small-scale organic beef production has been reintroduced in an effort to diversify the industry.

Farmers and growers often sell surplus food and flowers in boxes on the roadside, relying on the honesty of those who pass to drop the correct change into the money box and take what they want. In the 21st century, diversification of agriculture and amendments in planning strategy have led to farm shops replacing many of the roadside stalls.

On February 18, 2005, Jersey was granted Fairtrade Island status. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Fairtrade Town is a marketing tool in which this status is awarded by a recognized Fairtrade certification body (i ^[34]

Taxation

Until the twentieth century, the States relied on indirect taxation to finance the administration of Jersey. The levying of impôts (duties) was in the hands of the Assembly of Governor, Bailiff and Jurats until 1921 when that body's tax raising powers were transferred to the Assembly of the States, leaving the Assembly of Governor, Bailiff and Jurats to serve simply as licensing bench for the sale of alcohol (this fiscal reform also stripped the Lieutenant-Governor of most of his effective remaining administrative functions). The Income Tax Law of 1928 introducing income tax was the first law drafted entirely in English. Income tax has been levied at a flat rate of 20% for decades. A flat tax (short for flat rate tax is a Tax system with a constant tax rate

As VAT has not been levied in the Island, luxury goods have often been cheaper than in the UK or in France, providing an incentive for tourism from neighbouring countries. The absence of VAT has also led to the growth of the fulfilment industry, whereby low-value luxury items, such as videos, lingerie and contact lenses are exported to the UK, avoiding VAT on arrival and thus undercutting UK prices on the same products. Value added tax ( VAT) or goods and services tax ( GST) is a consumption Tax levied on value added. In 2005, the States of Jersey announced limits on licences granted to non-resident companies trading in this way.

Although Jersey does not have VAT, on 13 May 2005, the States of Jersey approved the introduction of a goods and services tax (GST), scheduled for 2008. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The strategy for introducing the new GST tax is to fill a 'black hole' in the budget that is created by the introduction of a new 0/10 tax that replaces the old tax system that previously exempted foreign investors from corporation tax and levied a 20% rate on Jersey residents.

The new 0/10 tax exempts all businesses except those in financial services from having to pay any corporation tax (0%), while leaving the financial services to pay a low tax rate (10%). The income generated from the new 0/10 tax proposal will not be equal to the revenue of the original tax system and this leaves Jersey with a deficit in their budget of several million pounds.

To fill the deficit created by the changes made to Jersey's tax structure, the States of Jersey are introducing GST. GST will be added to most goods and services, which in effect will raise the cost of living for everyone in the island. The people hit the hardest by the new GST will be the people on the lowest incomes, however, to try to prevent islanders living below the poverty line, the States of Jersey are introducing an Income Support service in January 2008.

It is arguable that the people who will benefit from Jersey's new tax structure will be the owners of the large businesses that are separate or support the financial service based businesses. This is because they will not have to pay any corporation tax but will still benefit from the island's business. ^[35]

Currency

Twin cash machines at a bank which dispensed a choice of Bank of England or Jersey banknotes. Since the intervention of the Treasurer of the States in 2005, cash machines generally (with the exception of those at the Airport and Elizabeth Harbour) no longer dispense English notes.

Main article: Jersey pound

Jersey issues its own Jersey banknotes and coins which circulate with UK coinage, Bank of England notes, Scottish notes and Guernsey currency within the Island. The pound is the currency of Jersey. Jersey is in Currency union with the United Kingdom and the Jersey pound is not a separate currency but is an issue of banknotes The pound is the currency of Jersey. Jersey is in Currency union with the United Kingdom and the Jersey pound is not a separate currency but is an issue of banknotes The Bank of England (formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England) is a state-owned institution and the Central bank of the United Kingdom Sterling banknotes are the Banknotes of the United Kingdom and British Islands, denominated in pounds sterling (symbol £ The pound is the currency of Guernsey. Since 1921 Guernsey has been in Currency union with the United Kingdom and the Guernsey pound is not a separate currency

Coinage

Designs on the reverse of Jersey coins:

•   1p Le Hocq Tower (coastal defence)
•   2p L'Hermitage, site where Saint Helier lived
•   5p Seymour Tower (offshore defence)
• 10p La Pouquelaye de Faldouet (dolmen)
• 20p La Corbière lighthouse
• 50p Grosnez Castle (ruins)

Pound coins are issued, but are much less widely used than pound notes. The British Crown dependency of Jersey has its own currency the Jersey pound, which is linked to the Pound sterling. Le Hocq (pronounced Le Hock is an area found in the parish of St Saint Helier, a 6th century ascetic Hermit, is Patron saint of Jersey in the Channel Islands, and in particular of the town and Parish A dolmen (also known as cromlech, anta, Hünengrab, Hunebed, Goindol, quoit, and portal dolmen) is a type of La Corbière ( Jèrriais: La Corbiéthe) is the extreme south-western point of Jersey in St Designs on the reverse of Jersey pound coins include historic ships built in Jersey and a series of the twelve parishes' crests. The motto round the milled edge of Jersey pound coins is Insula Caesarea (Latin: "Island of Jersey"). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Two pound coins are issued also, but in very small quantities.

Demographics

Mont Orgueil was built in the thirteenth century to protect Jersey from French invasion. Mont Orgueil is a Castle in Jersey. It is located overlooking the harbour of Gorey.

Main article: Demographics of Jersey

The Island is host to a large number of people born outside Jersey; 47% of the population are not originally from the island. The following statistics describe the Bailiwick of Jersey, a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. ^[36]

Censuses have been undertaken in Jersey since 1821, the most recent being the 2001 Census on March 11. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty

Thirty percent of the population is concentrated in Saint Helier, the island's only town. Saint Helier ( French language: Saint-Hélier, Jèrriais: St Hélyi) is one of the twelve parishes of Jersey, the largest Of the roughly 88,000 people in Jersey, around two-fifths are of Jersey/Norman descent and two-fifths of British (English, Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish) descent. The largest minority groups in the island, after the British, are Portuguese (around 7%, especially Madeiran), Irish and Polish. History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the The French community is also always present. The people of Jersey are often called Islanders, or in individual terms Jerseyman or Jerseywoman. Some Jersey-born people consider themselves British and value the special relationship between the British Crown and the Island, whereas a large number of pure Jersey people consider themselves more European, leaning towards the French. However, Jersey-borns consider themselves Islanders and say they are from Jersey, Channel Islands as opposed to England or the United Kingdom.

Religion in Jersey has a complex history and much diversity. Religion in Jersey has a complex history and much diversity considering the size of the island The established church is the Church of England. An established church is a church officially sanctioned and supported by the government of a country e The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican In the countryside, Methodism found its traditional stronghold. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations A minority of Roman Catholics can also be found in Jersey, with two Catholic private schools (De La Salle College in Saint Saviour being an all-boys Catholic school, and Beaulieu Convent School down the road in Saint Helier being an all-girls school where the sisters still have a presence in school life). De La Salle College is an independent Catholic school in Jersey, taking its name from St John Baptist de la Salle (1651-1719 who founded the Brothers'

Jersey has an aging population. The main reason for this change particular to Jersey is the emigration of young people seeking opportunities the Island cannot provide.

Immigration

For immigration and nationality purposes the United Kingdom generally treats Jersey as though it were part of the UK. Jersey is constitutionally entitled to restrict immigration^[37] by non-Jersey residents, but control of immigration at the point of entry cannot, at present, be introduced for British, certain Commonwealth and EEA nationals without change to existing international law. ^[38] Immigration is therefore controlled by a mixture of restrictions on those without residential status purchasing or renting property in the Island and restrictions on employment. Migration policy is to move to a registration system to integrate residential and employment status. ^[38] Jersey maintains its own immigration^[39] and border controls. Although Jersey citizens are full British citizens, an endorsement restricting the right of establishment in European Union states other than the UK is placed in the Jersey passport of British citizens connected solely with the Channel Islands and Isle of Man. ^[40] Those who have a parent or grandparent born in the United Kingdom, or who have lived in the United Kingdom for five years, are not subject to this restriction.

Historical large-scale immigration was facilitated by the introduction of steamships (from 1823). By 1840, an English invasion of up to 5,000, mostly half-pay officers and their families, had settled in Jersey. . ^[41] In the aftermath of 1848, Polish, Russian, Hungarian, Italian and French political refugees came to Jersey. Following Louis Napoléon's coup of 1851, more French proscrits arrived. By the end of the 19th century, well-to-do British families, attracted by the lack of income tax, were settling in Jersey in increasing numbers, establishing St Helier as a predominantly English-speaking town.

Seasonal work in agriculture had depended mostly on Bretons and mainland Normans from the 19th century. The growth of tourism attracted staff from the United Kingdom. Following Liberation in 1945, agricultural workers were mostly recruited from the United Kingdom - the demands of reconstruction in mainland Normandy and Brittany employed domestic labour.

Until the 1960s, the population had been relatively stable for decades at around 60,000 (excluding the Occupation years). Economic growth spurred immigration and a rise in population. From the 1960s Portuguese workers arrived, mostly working initially in seasonal industries in agriculture and tourism.

A trend that has developed over the past few years is the setting up of recruitment agencies in a number of countries in the world, to employ either cheap labour (often from poor countries) or qualified/experienced labour. Amongst the countries that have been targeted for this type of recruitment are Poland, Nigeria, Australia, South Africa, Cyprus and Latvia.

Culture

Jèrriais road sign ("The black road") in Saint-Ouën.

Victor Hugo in exile, 1850s.

Main article: Culture of Jersey

Until the nineteenth century, indigenous Jèrriais — a variety of Norman French — was the language of the island, though French was used for official business. The culture of Jersey is the Culture of the Bailiwick of Jersey. Jèrriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands, off the coast of France. Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. The northern Norman can be classified in the septentrional Oil languages with Picard and French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people During the twentieth century, however, an intense language shift took place and Jersey today is predominantly English-speaking. Language shift, sometimes referred to as language transfer or language replacement or assimilation, is the progressive process whereby a speech community Jèrriais nonetheless survives; around 2,600 islanders (three percent) are reckoned to be habitual speakers, and some 10,000 (12 percent) in all claim some knowledge of the language, particularly amongst the elderly in rural parishes. There have been efforts to revive Jèrriais in schools, and the highest number of declared Jèrriais speakers is in the capital.

The dialects of Jèrriais differ in phonology and, to a lesser extent, lexis between parishes, with the most marked differences to be heard between those of the west and east. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Phonology ( Greek φωνή (phōnē voice sound + λόγος (lógos word speech subject of discussion is the systematic use of sound to encode meaning In Linguistics, lexis (in Greek λέξις = word describes the storage of language in our mental Lexicon as prefabricated patterns ( Lexical units Many place names are in Jèrriais, and French and English place names are also to be found. Anglicisation of the toponymy increased apace with the migration of English people to the island. Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology.

Some Neolithic carvings are the earliest works of artistic character to be found in Jersey. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Only fragmentary wall-paintings remain from the rich mediaeval artistic heritage, after the wholesale iconoclasm of the Calvinist reformation of the sixteenth century. Iconoclasm, Greek for "image-breaking" is the deliberate destruction within a culture of the culture's own religious Icons and other symbols or monuments Calvinism (sometimes called the Reformed tradition, the Reformed faith, or Reformed theology) is a theological system and an approach to the

Printing arrived in Jersey only in the 1780s, but the Island supported a multitude of regular publications in French (and Jèrriais) and English throughout the nineteenth century, in which poetry, most usually topical and satirical, flourished (see Jèrriais literature). Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press Jèrriais literature is Literature in Jèrriais, the Norman dialect of Jersey in the Channel Islands.

John Everett Millais, Elinor Glyn, and Wace are among Jersey's artistic figures. Sir John Everett Millais 1st Baronet, PRA ( June 8, 1829 &ndash August 13, 1896) was an English painter Elinor Glyn ( October 17, 1864 - September 23, 1943) born Elinor Sutherland was a British WACE (730 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format Lillie Langtry, the Jersey Lily, is the Island's most widely recognised cultural icon. Lillie Langtry ( 13 October 1853 &ndash 12 February 1929) born Emilie Charlotte Le Breton, was a highly successful British The famous French writer, Victor Hugo, lived in exile in Jersey from 1852 to 1855. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist

The Island is particularly famous for the Battle of Flowers, a carnival held annually since 1902. The Jersey Battle of Flowers is an annual Carnival held in the Channel Island of Jersey in the second week of August . ^[42] Annual music festivals include Rock in the Park, Avanchi presents Jazz in July, Jersey Live, the music section of the Jersey Eisteddfod. Jersey Live is an indie/rock/dance Music festival held annually in Jersey. The Jersey Eisteddfod is a cultural festival and competition in Jersey. Other festivals include La Fête dé Noué (Christmas festival), La Faîs'sie d'Cidre (cidermaking festival), the Battle of Britain air display, food festivals, and Parish events.

The Island's patron saint is Saint Helier. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Saint Helier, a 6th century ascetic Hermit, is Patron saint of Jersey in the Channel Islands, and in particular of the town and Parish ^[43]

Media

Broadcast

BBC Radio Jersey provides a radio service and Spotlight Channel Islands provides a joint television news service with Guernsey but with headquarters in Jersey.

Channel Television is a regional ITV franchise shared with the Bailiwick of Guernsey but with its headquarters in Jersey. Channel Television is a British television station which has served as an Independent Television (ITV contractor to the Channel Islands since 1962 Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent

Channel 103 is a commercial radio station. |share = 248%||share as of = September 2007||share source = |}} Channel 103 is an Independent Local Radio station broadcasting across the British Island of Jersey

Newspaper

Jersey's only newspaper, the Jersey Evening Post, claims that it has an average issue readership of 73% of adults in Jersey and that over the course of a week 93 per cent of all adults will read a copy of the newspaper,^[44] it being the main printed source of local news and official notices. The Jersey Evening Post (or JEP as it is locally called is a regional Newspaper published six days a week in Jersey. The newspaper features a weekly Jèrriais column accompanied by English-language précis.

Magazines

Gallery Magazine is a monthly style magazine.

Lifestyle magazines include Gallery Magazine^[45] (monthly), Jersey Now^[46] (quarterly) and The Jersey Life^[47] (monthly).

Les Nouvelles Chroniques du Don Balleine^[48] is a quarterly literary magazine in Jèrriais.

Cinema

In 1909, T. J. West established the first cinema in the Royal Hall in St. Helier, which became known as West's Cinema in 1923 (demolished 1977). The first talking picture, The Perfect Alibi, was shown on 30 December 1929 at the Picture House in St. A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image as opposed to a Silent film. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Helier. The Jersey Film Society was founded on 11 December 1947 at the Café Bleu, West's Cinema. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The large Art Deco Forum Cinema was opened in 1935 — during the German Occupation this was used for German propaganda films. The Odeon Cinema (now the New Forum) was opened 2 June 1952. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Since 1997, Kevin Lewis (formerly of The Cine Centre and now of the New Forum) has arranged the Jersey Film Festival, a charity event showing the latest and also classic films outdoors in 35 mm on a big screen. The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. 35 mm film is the basic Film gauge most commonly used for both still Photography and Motion pictures, and remains relatively unchanged since its The 2006 festival was held in Howard Davis Park, St Saviour, on the 12-18 August 2006.

In December 2002, Cineworld Cinemas opened a 10 screen multiplex on the waterfront centre in St. Helier.

In August 2006, plans were revealed to convert the former Odeon building into a department store while retaining the landmark architecture.

Food and drink

Jersey wonders, or mèrvelles, are a favourite snack consisting of fried dough, especially at country fêtes. According to tradition, the success of cooking depends on the state of the tide.

Seafood has traditionally been important to the cuisine of Jersey: mussels (called moules locally), oysters, lobster and crabs — especially spider crabs — ormers, and conger. The common name mussel is used for members of several different families of Clams or Bivalve Molluscs, from both saltwater and freshwater habitats The common name oyster is used for a number of different groups of Bivalve Mollusks most of which live in marine habitats or Brackish water. The European lobster ( Homarus gammarus) (possibly referred as Crayfish) is a large European clawed Lobster. Crabs are decapod Crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (βραχύ / brachy Maja squinado (the European spider crab, spiny spider crab or spinous spider crab) is a species of migratory Crab found in the Abalone (from Spanish Abulón) are medium-sized to very large edible sea Snails marine Gastropod Mollusks in the For the business syndicate see Conger (syndicate. For the dance see Conga Line Conger is a genus of

Jersey milk being very rich, cream and butter have played a large part in insular cooking. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. For the 1993 hip-hop single by the Wu-Tang Clan see CREAM CREAM is an acronym for Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method a Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. (See Channel Island milk) However there is no indigenous tradition of cheese making, contrary to the custom of mainland Normandy, but some cheese is produced commercially. Channel Island milk (sometimes called gold-top milk after the colour of the Milk bottle top is creamy light-beige coloured Milk originally from the Jersey fudge, mostly imported and made with milk from overseas Jersey cattle herds, is a popular food product with tourists. Fudge is a type of Confectionery which is usually very sweet extremely rich and sometimes flavored with Cocoa.

Jersey Royal potatoes are the local variety of new potato, and the island is famous for its early crop of small potatoes from the south-facing côtils (steeply-sloping fields). Jersey Royal potatoes are Jersey 's local variety of new potato. The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae They are eaten in a variety of ways, often simply boiled and served with butter.

Apples historically were an important crop. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. Bourdélots are apple dumplings, but the most typical speciality is black butter (lé nièr beurre), a dark spicy spread prepared from apples, cider and spices. Cider used to be an important export. For the non-alcoholic beverage commonly known in the US as "cider" see Apple cider. After decline and near-disappearance in the late twentieth century, apple production is being increased and promoted. Apple brandy is also produced, as is some wine.

Among other traditional dishes are cabbage loaf, Jersey wonders (les mèrvelles), fliottes, bean crock (les pais au fou), nettle (ortchie) soup, vraic buns. Nettle is the common name for between 30-45 species of Flowering plants of the genus Urtica in the family Urticaceae, with a cosmopolitan though

Sport

Main article: Sport in Jersey

In its own right Jersey participates in the Commonwealth Games and in the bi-annual Island Games, which it last hosted in 1997. In its own right Jersey participates in the Commonwealth Games and in the bi-annual Island Games, which it last hosted in 1997 The Commonwealth Games is a multinational Multi-sport event. Held every four years it involves the elite athletes of the Commonwealth of Nations. International Island Games Association (IGA is an organisation the sole purpose of which is to organise the Island Games a friendly biennial Athletic competition between teams

In sporting events in which Jersey does not have international representation, when the British Home Nations are competing separately, islanders that do have high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations – there are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home Nation. "Home nation" (common noun redirects here home nation is also used to refer to the host country of Multi-sport events (eg

Jersey is an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The International Cricket Council (ICC is the international governing body of Cricket. The Jersey cricket team plays in the Inter-insular match among others. The Jersey cricket team is the team that represents the Crown dependency of Jersey in international Cricket matches The Inter-insular match is a Cricket match played annually between the representative teams of Channel Islands Jersey and Guernsey.

For horse racing, Les Landes Race Course can be found at Les Landes in St Ouen next to the ruins of Grosnez Castle.

The Jersey Football Association supervises football in Jersey. The Jersey Football Combination has 9 teams in its top division. The 2006/07 champions were Jersey Scottish where Ross Crick is the top scorer. The Jersey national football team plays in the annual Muratti competition among others. The Jersey national football team is the official football team for the Bailiwick of Jersey. The Muratti is an annual men's football competition inaugurated in 1905 between the Channel Islands of Guernsey, Jersey and Alderney

Jersey has two public indoor swimming pools. Swimming in the sea, surfing, windsurfing and other marine sports are practised. Jersey Swimming Club have organised an annual swim from Elizabeth Castle to Saint Helier Harbour for over 50 years. A round-Island swim is a major challenge which a select number of swimmers have achieved. The Royal Channel Island Yacht Club is based in Jersey.

There are few facilities for extreme sports and youth sports such as skateboarding, BMX, and inline skating. Extreme sport (also called action sport and adventure sport) is a media term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of inherent Skateboarding is the act of riding and performing tricks using a Skateboard. BMX ( Bicycle Motocross) is a form of Cycling on specially designed bicycles which usually have 20 inch wheels Roller skating is the Traveling on smooth terrain with roller skates Coastal cliffs provide opportunities for rock climbing. Rock climbing is a Sport in which participants climb up or across natural rock formations or man-made rock walls with the goal of reaching the

Environment

Three areas of land are protected for their ecological or geological interest as Sites of Special Interest (SSI): Les Landes, Les Blanches Banques and La Lande du Ouest. A large area of intertidal zone is designated as a Ramsar site. The Ramsar Convention is an international Treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Wetlands i

Jersey is the home of Durrell Wildlife (formerly known as the Jersey Zoological Park) founded by the naturalist, zookeeper, and author Gerald Durrell. Jersey Zoological Park or Jersey Zoo is a 25- Acre (100000 m² zoological park established in 1959 on the island of Jersey in the Gerald ('Gerry' Malcolm Durrell OBE ( January 7, 1925 &ndash January 30, 1995) was a naturalist, Zookeeper

Biodiversity

Five species of small mammal are considered native^[49]: the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), the Jersey bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus caesarius), the Lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) and the French shrew (Sorex coronatus). The wood mouse ( Apodemus sylvaticus) also called the long-tailed field mouse, is a common Rodent that was recognised as a distinct species in 1894 The Bank Vole Myodes glareolus is a small Vole with red-brown fur and some grey patches The Lesser White-toothed Shrew ( Crocidura suaveolens) is a tiny Shrew found in Europe. UserPolbot. -->The Crowned Shrew or Millet's Shrew ( Sorex coronatus) is a species of Mammal Three wild mammals are well-established introductions: the rabbit (introduced in the mediaeval period), the red squirrel and the hedgehog (both introduced in the 19th century). Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world The red squirrel or Eurasian red squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris) is a Species of Tree squirrel ( Genus Sciurus A hedgehog is any of the small spiny Mammals of the Subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. The stoat (Mustela erminea) became extinct in Jersey between 1976 and 2000. The Green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) is a protected species of reptile; Jersey is its only habitat in the British Isles. UserPolbot. -->The Western Green Lizard ( Lacerta bilineata) is a species of Lizard in the Lacertidae ^[50]

Trees generally considered native are the alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver birch (Betula pendula), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), hazel (Corylus avellana), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), aspen (Populus tremula), wild cherry (Prunus avium), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), holm oak (Quercus ilex), oak (Quercus robur), sallow (Salix cinerea), elder (Sambucus nigra), elm (Ulmus spp), and medlar (Mespilus germanica). Alnus glutinosa (English Black Alder, European Alder or Common Alder) is an Alder Tree native to most of Europe The Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa, family Fagaceae) also known as the Spanish Chestnut Portuguese Chestnut or European chestnut is a species of Chestnut The Common Hazel ( Corylus avellana) is a species of Hazel native to Europe and western Asia, from the British Isles Crataegus monogyna, known as Common Hawthorn, is a species of hawthorn native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia The European Beech or Common Beech ( Fagus sylvatica) is a Deciduous Tree belonging to the Beech family Fagaceae. Fraxinus excelsior ( Ash; also European Ash or Common Ash on occasion to distinguish it from other ash species is a species of Populus tremula ( Aspen, or Common Aspen or Eurasian Aspen to distinguish it from related species) is a species of Poplar The Wild Cherry or Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium) is a species of cherry, native to Europe, northwest Africa, and western Asia Blackthorn redirects here for other uses see Blackthorn (disambiguation Prunus spinosa ( Blackthorn or Sloe The Holm Oak ( Quercus ilex) also called Holly Oak or Evergreen Oak is a large Evergreen Oak native to the Mediterranean region. Quercus robur (sometimes considered Q pedunculata) is commonly known as the pedunculate oak or English oak. Salix cinerea ( Grey Willow; also occasionally Grey Sallow is a species of Willow native to Europe and western Asia. Sambucus nigra is a species of elder native to most of Europe, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. Elms are Deciduous and Semi-deciduous Trees comprising the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae, found The Common Medlar ( Mespilus germanica) is a large Shrub or small Tree, and the name of the Fruit of this tree Among notable introduced species, the cabbage palm (Cordyline australis) has been planted in coastal areas and may be seen in many gardens. For other plants with this name see Cabbage tree. The cabbage tree Cordyline australis, known as Tī rākau ^[51]

See also

Footnotes and references

Print

• Jersey Through the Centuries, Leslie Sinel, Jersey 1984, ISBN 0-86120-003-9

External links

• States of Jersey
• Jersey Tourism
• Jersey Legal Information Board (JLIB)
• Les Pâraîsses d'Jèrri en Jèrriais (map of parishes, coat-of-arms, and history)
• BBC Jersey
• Société Jersiaise
• Jersey History
• This is Jersey (Local Portal)
• Independent visitors guide
• Jersey in The World Factbook
• Map of Jersey