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The Jeet Kune Do Emblem
The Taijitu symbol represents the concepts of yin and yang. In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin and yang ( is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are bound together intertwined and interdependent in the The Chinese characters indicate: "Using no way as way" & "Having no limitation as limitation". A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( The arrows represent the endless interaction between yang and yin. [1]
Jeet Kune Do
Also known asJKD, Jeet Kun Do, Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do
FocusEclectic
Country of originFlag of the United States United States
CreatorBruce Lee
ParenthoodVarious
Olympic SportNo
Official SiteBruce Lee Foundation

Jeet Kune Do (Chinese: 截拳道 Cantonese: Jitkyùndou Pinyin: Jiéquándào, lit. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Bruce Lee ( November 27 1940 – July 20 1973 was an American-born Martial artist, Philosopher, instructor, Martial arts actor and the Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use "Way of the Intercepting Fist"), also Jeet Kun Do or JKD, is a martial art philosophy developed by martial artist and actor Bruce Lee. Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. Bruce Lee ( November 27 1940 – July 20 1973 was an American-born Martial artist, Philosopher, instructor, Martial arts actor and the [2]

In 2004, the Bruce Lee Foundation adopted the name Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do to refer to the martial art that Lee founded. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Bruce Lee ( November 27 1940 – July 20 1973 was an American-born Martial artist, Philosopher, instructor, Martial arts actor and the "Jun Fan" was Lee's Chinese given name, so the literal translation is "Bruce Lee's Way of the Intercepting Fist. "

Contents

Lee's philosophy

Bruce Lee said:

I have not invented a "new style," composite, modified or otherwise that is set within distinct form as apart from "this" method or "that" method. On the contrary, I hope to free my followers from clinging to styles, patterns, or molds. Remember that Jeet Kune Do is merely a name used, a mirror in which to see "ourselves". . . Jeet Kune Do is not an organized institution that one can be a member of. Either you understand or you don't, and that is that. There is no mystery about my style. My movements are simple, direct and non-classical. The extraordinary part of it lies in its simplicity. Every movement in Jeet Kune-Do is being so of itself. There is nothing artificial about it. I always believe that the easy way is the right way. Jeet Kune-Do is simply the direct expression of one's feelings with the minimum of movements and energy. The closer to the true way of Kung Fu, the less wastage of expression there is. Finally, a Jeet Kune Do man who says Jeet Kune Do is exclusively Jeet Kune Do is simply not with it. He is still hung up on his self-closing resistance, in this case anchored down to reactionary pattern, and naturally is still bound by another modified pattern and can move within its limits. He has not digested the simple fact that truth exists outside all molds; pattern and awareness is never exclusive. Again let me remind you Jeet Kune Do is just a name used, a boat to get one across, and once across it is to be discarded and not to be carried on one's back.

– Bruce Lee[3]

and:

Some martial arts are very popular, real crowd pleasers, because they look good, have smooth techniques. But beware. They are like a wine that has been watered. A diluted wine is not a real wine, not a good wine, hardly the genuine article. Some martial arts don't look so good, but you know that they have a kick, a tang, a genuine taste. They are like olives. The taste may be strong and bittersweet. The flavor lasts. You cultivate a taste for them. No one ever developed a taste for diluted wine.

– Bruce Lee, in Tao of Jeet Kune Do

The Formless Form

Jeet Kune Do (JKD) is the name Bruce Lee gave to his combat philosophy in 1967. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Originally, when Lee began researching various fighting styles, he gave his martial art his own name of Jun Fan Gung Fu. The ComBat was an Aluminium Cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. However not wanting to create another style that would share the limitations that all styles have, he instead gave us the process that created it.

JKD as it survives today – if one wants to view it "refined" as a product, not a process – is what was left at the time of Bruce Lee's death. It is the result of the life-long martial arts development process Lee went through. Bruce Lee stated that his concept is not an "adding to" of more and more things on top of each other to form a system, but rather, a winnowing out. The metaphor Lee borrowed from Chan Buddhism was of constantly filling a cup with water, and then emptying it, used for describing Lee's philosophy of "casting off what is useless". Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language He also used the sculptor's mentality of beginning with a lump of clay and hacking away at the "unessentials"; the end result was what he considered to be the bare combat essentials, or JKD.

Bruce Lee, and thus JKD, was heavily influenced by European boxing and fencing. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Fencing is the art of armed Combat involving Cutting, Stabbing, or slapping bludgeoning Weapons directly manipulated by hand Although the backbone concepts (such as centerline, vertical punching, and forward pressure) come from Wing Chun, Lee stopped using the Wing Chun stances in favor of what he considered to be more fluid/flexible fencing and boxing stances. Wing Chun ( occasionally romanized as Ving Tsun or " Wing Tsun " (literally " spring chant " or "forever Lee stated that they allowed him to "flow" rather than being stuck in stances. For instance, instead of using footwork to position the body for maximum fighting position vis-a-vis the opponent, JKD uses flowing "entries" that do not require "bridges" from Wing Chun. Bruce Lee wanted to create a martial art that was unbounded and free. Later during the development of Jeet Kune Do, he would expand that notion and include the art for personal development, not just to become a better fighter. To illustrate Lee's views, in a 1971 Black Belt Magazine article, Lee said "Let it be understood once and for all that I have NOT invented a new style, composite or modification. Black Belt is a United States Magazine covering Martial arts and Combat sports founded in 1961 by Mitoshi Uyehara I have in no way set Jeet Kune Do within a distinct form governed by laws that distinguish it from 'this' style or 'that' method. On the contrary, I hope to free my comrades from bondage to styles, patterns and doctrines. "[4]

While practicing European wrestling, Lee was once pinned by an opponent, who asked what Lee would do if he found himself in the situation in a real fight. Wrestling is the act of physical engagement between two people in which each wrestler strives to get an advantage over or control of the opponent Lee replied, "Well, I'd bite you, of course". One of the theories of JKD is that a fighter should do whatever is necessary to defend himself, regardless of where the techniques used come from. Lee's goal in Jeet Kune Do was to break down what he claimed were limiting factors in the training of the traditional styles, and seek a fighting thesis which he believed could only be found within the event of a fight. Jeet Kune Do is currently seen as the genesis of the modern state of hybrid martial arts. For the combat sport see Mixed martial arts. Hybrid martial arts (also known as hybrid fighting systems) refer to Martial arts

Jeet Kune Do not only advocates the combination of aspects of different styles, it also can change many of those aspects that it adopts to suit the abilities of the practitioner. Additionally, JKD advocates that any practitioner be allowed to interpret techniques for themselves, and change them for their own purposes. For example, Lee almost always chose to put his power hand in the "lead," with his weaker hand back. Within this stance he used elements of Boxing, Fencing and Wing Chun. Just like fencing, he labeled this position the "On Guard" position. Lee incorporated this position into his JKD as he felt it provided the best overall mobility. Lee felt that the dominant or strongest hand should be in the lead because it would perform a greater percentage of the work. Lee minimized the use of other stances except when circumstances warranted such actions. Although the On-Guard position is a good overall stance, it is by no means the only one. Lee acknowledged that there were times when other positions should be utilized.

Lee felt the dynamic property of JKD was what enabled its practitioners to adapt to the constant changes and fluctuations of live combat. Lee believed that these decisions should be done within the context of "real combat" and/or "all out sparring". He believed that it was only in this environment that a person could actually deem a technique worthy of adoption.

Bruce Lee did not stress the memorization of solo training forms or "Kata", as most traditional styles do in their beginning-level training. For other uses see Kata (disambiguation. is a Japanese word describing detailed choreographed patterns of movements practiced either solo or Lee often compared doing forms without an opponent to attempting to learn to swim on dry land. Lee believed that real combat was alive and dynamic. Circumstances in a fight change from millisecond to millisecond, and thus pre-arranged patterns and techniques are not adequate in dealing with such a changing situation. As an anecdote to this thinking, Lee once wrote an epitaph which read: 'In memory of a once fluid man, crammed and distorted by the classical mess. An epitaph (in Greek, &mdash literally " on the gravestone " is a short text honoring a deceased person strictly speaking that inscribed on ' The "classical mess" in this instance was what Lee thought of classical martial arts. MESS ( Multi Emulator Super System) is an Emulator for many game consoles and computer systems based on the MAME core

Bruce Lee's comments and methods were seen as controversial by many in his time, and still are today. Many teachers from traditional schools disagreed with his opinions on these issues.

The notion of cross-training in Jeet Kune Do is similar to the practice of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) in modern times -- Bruce Lee has been considered by UFC president Dana White as the "father of mixed martial arts". Cross-training (Also known as conditioning) refers to training in different ways to improve overall performance Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC is a US -based Mixed martial arts (MMA organization currently recognized as the largest MMA promotion in the world Dana White (born July 28, 1969 in Manchester, Connecticut) is the current President of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC [5] Many consider Jeet Kune Do to be the precursor of MMA because of its syncretic nature. Syncretism consists of the attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory beliefs often while melding practices of various schools of thought This is particularly the case with respect to the JKD "Combat Ranges". A JKD student is expected to learn various combat systems within each combat range, and thus to be effective in all of them, just as in MMA.

Principles[6]

The following are principles that Lee incorporated into Jeet Kune Do. He felt these were universal combat truths that were self evident and would lead to combat success if followed. The "4 Combat Ranges" in particular are what he felt were instrumental in becoming a "total" martial artist. This is also the principle most related to mixed martial arts.

JKD practitioners also subscribe to the notion that the best defense is a strong offense, hence the principle of intercepting. Lee believed that in order for an opponent to attack someone they had to move towards them. This provided an opportunity to "intercept" that attack or movement. The principle of interception covers more than just intercepting physical attacks. Lee believed that many non-verbals and telegraphs (subtle movements that an opponent is unaware of) could be perceived or "intercepted" and thus be used to one's advantage. The "5 Ways of Attack" are attacking categories that help Jeet Kune Do practitioners organize their fighting repertoire and comprise the offensive portion of JKD. The concepts of stop hits & stop kicks and simultaneous parrying & punching were borrowed from European Fencing and Wing Chun's theory of simultaneous defending and attacking, and comprise the defensive portion of JKD. These concepts were modified for unarmed combat and implemented into the JKD framework by Lee. These concepts also complement the other principle of interception.

Be like water

Lee believed that martial systems should be as flexible as possible. He often used water as an analogy for describing why flexibility is a desired trait in martial arts. Water is infinitely flexible. It can be seen through, and yet at other times it can obscure things from sight. It can split and go around things, rejoining on the other side, or it can crash through things. It can erode the hardest rocks by gently lapping away at them or it can flow past the tiniest pebble. Lee believed that a martial system should have these attributes. JKD students reject the traditional systems of training used in traditional kung fu schools because of this lack of flexibility. Kung fu and wushu are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese Martial arts. JKD is claimed to be a dynamic concept that is forever changing, thus being extremely flexible. "Absorb what is useful; Discard that which is useless" is an often quoted Bruce Lee maxim. JKD students are encouraged to study every form of combat possible. This is believed to expand one's knowledge of other fighting systems; both to add to one's arsenal as well as to know how to defend against such tactics.

Economy of motion

JKD students are told to waste no time or movement. When it comes to combat JKD practitioners believe the simplest things work best.

Stop hits & stop kicks

This means intercepting an opponent's attack with an attack of your own instead of a simple block. JKD practitioners believe that this is the most difficult defensive skill to develop. This strategy is a feature of some traditional Chinese martial arts, as well as an essential component of European épée fencing (known in fencing terminology as the "counter-attack").

Simultaneous parrying & punching

When confronting an incoming attack, the attack is parried or deflected and a counter attack is delivered at the same time. Not as advanced as a stop hit but more effective than blocking and counter attacking in sequence. This is also practiced by some Chinese martial arts.

No high kicks

JKD practitioners believe they should target their kicks to their opponent's shins, knees, thighs, and mid section. These targets are the closest to the foot, provide more stability and are more difficult to defend against. However, as with all other JKD principles nothing is "written in stone". If a target of opportunity presents itself, even a target above the waist, one could take advantage of the situation without feeling hampered by this principle.

Four ranges of combat

Jeet Kune Do students train in each of these ranges equally. In Martial arts, Combat sports or Violence, a kick is a strike using the Foot, leg, or Knee (also known as a knee In the context of Unarmed combat or Melee, a punch is "a thrusting blow esp In Combat and Martial arts, trapping refers both to a combat range and a type of technique to immobilize an opponent in such a way that they cannot get away and are Grappling refers to the gripping handling and controlling of an opponent without the use of striking, typically through the application of various Grappling holds According to Lee, this range of training serves to differentiate JKD from other martial arts. Lee stated that most but not all traditional martial systems specialize in training at one or two ranges. Bruce Lee's theories have been especially influential and substantiated in the field of Mixed Martial Arts, as the MMA Phases of Combat are essentially the same concept as the JKD combat ranges. Mixed martial arts (MMA is a full contact Combat sport that allows a wide variety of fighting techniques from a mixture of Martial arts traditions and As a historical note, the ranges in JKD have evolved over time. Initially the ranges were categorized as short or close, medium, and long range. [7] These terms proved ambiguous and eventually evolved into their more descriptive forms although there may still be others who prefer the three categories.

Five Ways Of Attack[8]

Three Parts of JKD

JKD practitioners believe that techniques should contain the following properties:

Centerline

The centerline refers to an imaginary line running down the center of one's body. The theory is to exploit, control and dominate your opponent's centerline. All attacks, defenses and footwork are designed to preserve your own centerline and open your opponent's. Lee incorporated this theory into JKD from Wing Chun. This notion is closely related to maintaining control of the center squares in the strategic game chess. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players.

The three guidelines for centerline are:

And Jeet kune kido which was invented by Master Lucien Lee, uses the physical strength within harmony of internal and external enenery merge with physical force, and mental abillity.

Branches

Although Bruce Lee officially closed his martial arts schools two years before his death, he allowed his curriculum to be taught privately. Since his death, Jeet Kune Do is argued to have split into different groups. Allegedly they are:

  • Original JKD is further divided into two points of view. OJKD and JFJKD both hold Wing Chun, Western Boxing and Fencing as the cornerstones on Bruce's JKD.
  • OJKD follows all Bruce's training from early Jun Fan Gung Fu (Seattle period) and focuses on trapping with Wing Chun influence.
  • Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do is a signature version of JKD as Bruce taught privately to Ted Wong. This is a later time period and practices a greater emphasis on elusiveness and simplified trapping unique to Bruce's later approach to combat. The focus is with Fencing and Western Boxing.

To understand the branches of JKD it is important to understand the difference between the two "types" or viewpoints of Jeet Kune Do:

  1. JKD framework This type of JKD provides the guiding principles. Bruce Lee experimented with many styles and techniques to reach these conclusions. To Lee these principles were truisms. The JKD framework is not bound or confined by any styles or systems. This type of JKD is a process.
  2. JKD Personal Systems This type of JKD utilizes the JKD framework along with any techniques from any other style or system to construct a "personal system". This approach utilizes a "building blocks" manner in which to construct a personalized system that is especially tailored to an individual. Lee believed that only an individual could determine for themselves what the usefulness of any technique should be. This type of JKD is thus a product.

Lee believed that this freedom of adoption was a distinguishing property from traditional martial arts.

There are many who confuse the JKD Framework with a JKD Personal System (e. g. , Bruce Lee's personal JKD) thinking them to be one and the same. The system that Bruce Lee personally expressed was his own personal JKD, tailored for himself. Before he could do this, however, he needed to first develop the "JKD Framework" process. Many of the systems that Bruce Lee studied were not to develop his "Personal JKD" but rather was used to gather the "principles" for incorporation in the JKD Framework approach. The uniqueness of JKD to Lee is that it was a "process" not a "product" and thus not a "style" but a concept, or approach. Traditional martial arts styles are essentially a product that is given to a student with little provision for change. These traditional styles are usually fixed and not tailored for individuals. Bruce Lee claimed there were inherent problems with this approach and established a process-based system rather than a fixed style which a student could then utilize to make a "tailored" or "Personal" product of their own.

The two branches of JKD differ in what should be incorporated or offered within the "JKD Framework". The Original (or Jun Fan) JKD branch believes that the original principles before Bruce Lee died are all that is needed for the construction of personalized systems. The JKD Concepts branch believe that there are further principles that can be added to construct personalized systems. The value of each branch can be determined by individual practitioners based on whatever merits they deem important, because, in the end, no one can teach you but yourself and therefore only you, with proper wisdom, can determine your own path.

Bruce Lee

Main article: Bruce Lee

As an adolescent, Bruce Lee studied the martial arts style of Wing Chun and was a student of Yip Man in Hong Kong. Bruce Lee ( November 27 1940 – July 20 1973 was an American-born Martial artist, Philosopher, instructor, Martial arts actor and the Yip Man (葉問 in Pinyin: yè wèn in Jyutping: jip6 man6 alternative spelling Ip Man; also known as 葉繼問 1 October Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Later, he learned other arts as well as the sports of western boxing and European fencing. The term Jeet Kune Do occurred in 1968 while Dan Inosanto and Bruce Lee were driving around in his car. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The conversation involved European fencing and Lee commented that; "the most efficient means of countering in fencing was the stop-hit. . . . When the opponent attacks, you intercept his move with a thrust or hit of your own. . . . " Lee then said "We should call our method the 'stop-hitting fist style, or the 'intercepting fist style". Dan Inosanto then said; "What would that be in Chinese?" in which Lee replied "That would be Jeet Kune Do". [9]

A television episode of Bruce Lee discussing his Jeet Kune Do appeared in the series Longstreet. Longstreet is an American crime drama series that was broadcast on the ABC in the 1971-1972 season (see 1971 in television) The episode was aptly titled "The Way of the Intercepting Fist". The episode was written specifically for Lee by his friend and long-time supporter Stirling Silliphant. Stirling Dale Silliphant ( 16 January 1918 – 26 April 1996) was a prolific American Screenwriter and producer

Quotes

“The usefulness of a cup is its emptiness. [10] - Be prepared to accept new knowledge and not be hindered or biased by old knowledge. This quote originates from the Tao Te Ching, by Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism. [11]”
“Using no way as way. - Don't have preconceived notions about anything. This statement is embedded in the Jeet Kune Do logo. It was also used by Bruce Lee often to describe JKD. ”
“Having no limitation as limitation. - Don't be confined by anything, achieve true freedom. This statement is embedded in the Jeet Kune Do logo. ”
“From form to formless and from finite to infinite. - Don't be confined by limitations and forms. By not having specific form all forms can be included. ”
“The consciousness of "self" is the greatest hindrance to the proper execution of all physical action. [12] - This is actually a Zen or Chán maxim which means to "be in the moment" and not be distracted by your own thought process. Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, referred to in Chinese as Chan. Zen is a school of Mahāyāna Buddhism, referred to in Chinese as Chan. A saying is something that is said notable in one respect or another The Zen quote is: "If you seek it, you will not find it". The "Western" counterpart to this is the term "Being in the Zone". Flow is the mental state of operation in which the person is fully immersed in what he or she is doing by a feeling of energized focus full involvement and success in the process of the ”
“If people say Jeet Kune Do is different from "this" or from "that," then let the name of Jeet Kune Do be wiped out, for that is what it is, just a name. Please don't fuss over it. [13] - Don't get hung up on labels. The goal is to understand the ideas in JKD, and apply those ideas to your life. ”
“To reach me, you must move to me. Your attack offers me an opportunity to intercept you. - Lee explaining the principle of interception to Duke Paige from the television show Longstreet. [14]”
“Empty your mind. Be formless shapeless like water. Now you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle, it becomes the bottle. You put it into a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now, water can either flow, or it can crash! Be like water, my friend. - Lee explaining the principle of being like water to Pierre Berton in the so-called Lost Interview. [15]”

Endnotes

  1. ^ p. 23, Bruce Lee: Dynamic Becoming, by James Bishop
  2. ^ Jeet Kune Do's Creation
  3. ^ Lee, Bruce (Sep. 1971). "Liberate Yourself From Classical Karate". Black Belt Magazine 9 (9): P. Black Belt is a United States Magazine covering Martial arts and Combat sports founded in 1961 by Mitoshi Uyehara 24. Rainbow Publications, Inc. .  
  4. ^ "Liberate Yourself from Classical Karate" September 1971, Black Belt Magazine.
  5. ^ Dana White and the future of UFC Fight Times Magazine
  6. ^ Hochheim, W. Hoch (Jan. 1995). "The Maze of Jeet Kune Do". Black Belt Magazine 33 (1): P. Black Belt is a United States Magazine covering Martial arts and Combat sports founded in 1961 by Mitoshi Uyehara 110. Rainbow Publications, Inc. .  
  7. ^ Lee, Linda (1975). Linda Lee is a name shared by the following individuals Linda Lee (Methodist bishop, American religious leader who serves as a bishop of the United Methodist Church The Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Ohara Publications Inc. , P.  ?. ISBN 0-89750-048-2.  
  8. ^ Inosanto, Dan (1980). Daniel Arca Inosanto (born July 24 1936) is a Filipino martial arts (FMA instructor from California who is best-known as a student of the Jeet Kune Do: The Art & Philosophy of Bruce Lee. Know Now Publishing Co. ,, P. 104-106. ISBN 0-938676-00-8.  
  9. ^ Inosanto, Dan (1980). Daniel Arca Inosanto (born July 24 1936) is a Filipino martial arts (FMA instructor from California who is best-known as a student of the Jeet Kune Do: The Art & Philosophy of Bruce Lee. Know Now Publishing Co. ,, P. 66-67. ISBN 0-938676-00-8.  
  10. ^ Lee, Linda (1975). Linda Lee is a name shared by the following individuals Linda Lee (Methodist bishop, American religious leader who serves as a bishop of the United Methodist Church The Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Ohara Publications Inc. , P. 257. ISBN 0-89750-048-2.  
  11. ^ Tao Te Ching
  12. ^ Lee, Linda (1975). Linda Lee is a name shared by the following individuals Linda Lee (Methodist bishop, American religious leader who serves as a bishop of the United Methodist Church The Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Ohara Publications Inc. , P. 7. ISBN 0-89750-048-2.  
  13. ^ Lee, Linda (1975). Linda Lee is a name shared by the following individuals Linda Lee (Methodist bishop, American religious leader who serves as a bishop of the United Methodist Church The Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Ohara Publications Inc. , P. 208. ISBN 0-89750-048-2.  
  14. ^ Bruce Lee appearing on Longstreet Video clip of Lee discussing 'The Way of the Intercepting Fist'
  15. ^ The relevant segment of the Lost Interview is available on the bonus disc of the 2-Disc Special Edition DVD of the movie Enter The Dragon.

Bibliography

See also

External links


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