Citizendia

Jed Saul Rakoff (born 1943) is a United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (S [1]

Contents

Biography

He was appointed on January 4, 1996, and entered on duty on March 1, 1996. Rakoff graduated with honors in English literature from Swarthmore College (B. Swarthmore College is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States with an enrollment of about 1500 students A. 1964), earned his M. Phil. from Balliol College at Oxford University (1966), and graduated cum laude from Harvard Law School (J. Balliol College (ˈbeɪlɪəl founded in 1263 is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. D. 1969). He has received honorary degrees from Saint Francis University and from Swarthmore. Saint Francis University is a four-year coeducational Catholic liberal arts university in Loretto Pennsylvania. [2][3]

After serving as law clerk to the late Honorable Abraham Freedman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, Rakoff spent two years in private practice at Debevoise & Plimpton before joining the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York. The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following Debevoise & Plimpton LLP is a prominent international Law firm based in New York City. United States Attorneys (also known as federal prosecutors) represent the United States federal government in United States district court and He spent seven years with the Office, the last two as Chief of the Business and Securities Fraud Prosecutions Unit. He then returned to private practice where he was a partner first with Mudge, Rose, Guthrie, Alexander & Ferdon, and then with Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson. Fried Frank Harris Shriver & Jacobson LLP is an international Law firm with offices in New York City, Washington DC, London, Paris He headed both firms' criminal defense and civil RICO sections.

Since 1988, Judge Rakoff has been a Lecturer in Law at Columbia Law School, teaching a Fall semester seminar on White Collar Crime, and a Spring semester seminar on the Interplay of Civil and Criminal Law. Columbia Law School, located in New York City, is one of the professional schools of Columbia University, a member of the Ivy League. He is a leading authority on the law of white collar crime, and has authored many articles on the topic, as well as leading treatises on RICO and corporate sentencing. The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (commonly referred to as RICO Act or RICO) is a United States federal law that provides for extended Speaking about the federal mail fraud statute, Rakoff wrote, "To federal prosecutors of white-collar crime, the mail fraud statute is our Stradivarius, our Colt . Mail fraud refers to any scheme which attempts to unlawfully obtain money or valuables in which the Postal system is used at any point in the commission of a criminal offense 45, our Louisville Slugger, our Cuisinart -- and our true love. We may flirt with [other laws] and call the conspiracy law 'darling,' but we always come home to the virtues of [mail fraud], with its simplicity, adaptability, and comfortable familiarity. It understands us and, like many a foolish spouse, we like to think we understand it. "[4]

Swarthmore, in conferring his honorary degree, noted that Rakoff is "broadly recognized as a legal thinker, scholar and judge who not only elucidates and enforces the law, but interprets, defends and challenges it in light of the principles of ethics and social justice that it is designed to serve" and that his opinions "are cited as models of intellectual clarity and judicial vision by lawyers and judges throughout this nation. "

Judge Rakoff's younger brother, Todd, is a professor at Harvard Law School. [5]

Notable cases

United States v. Quinones

In 2002, Rakoff declared the federal death penalty unconstitutional, writing that "the best available evidence indicates that, on the one hand, innocent people are sentenced to death with materially greater frequency than was previously supposed and that, on the other hand, convincing proof of their innocence often does not emerge until long after their convictions. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. It is therefore fully foreseeable that in enforcing the death penalty a meaningful number of innocent people will be executed who otherwise would eventually be able to prove their innocence. It follows that implementation of the Federal Death Penalty Act not only deprives innocent people of a significant opportunity to prove their innocence, and thereby violates procedural due process, but also creates an undue risk of executing innocent people, and thereby violates substantive due process. " United States v. Quinones, 205 F. Supp. 2d 256 (S. D. N. Y. 2002)[6] Although his opinion was heralded by the New York Times as "a cogent, powerful argument that all members of Congress - indeed, all Americans - should contemplate," the decision was subsequently reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, United States v. Quinones, 313 F. 3d 49 (2d Cir. 2002). [7]

Associated Press v. Dep't of Defense

In November 2004, the Associated Press submitted a request under the Freedom of Information Act seeking unredacted transcripts of the Department of Defense's Combatant Status Review Tribunals' proceedings and related documentation. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The Combatant Status Review Tribunals ( CSRT) are a set of Tribunals purposed to determine whether Detainees held by the United [8] In response, the Government invoked FOIA's Exemption 6, claiming that they redacted identifying information in order to protect the detainees' personal privacy (but the Government never argued that any of the redactions were required by national security). Rakoff's rulings highlighted what he viewed as the hypocrisy of the Government's position -- as he wrote, "one might well wonder whether the detainees share the view that keeping their identities secret is in their own best interests" -- and held that, in any case, the detainees had no reasonable expectation of privacy in the information at issue. Expectation of privacy is a concept which is crucial in the defining of the scope of the applicability of Privacy laws A subjective expectation of privacy is an He therefore ordered the Department of Defense to release the unredacted transcripts (including the detainees' names) and related documentation. [9] AP v. United States DOD, 2006 U. S. Dist. LEXIS 211, 410 F. Supp. 2d 147 (S. D. N. Y. Jan. 4, 2006). [10] The Department of Defense complied with the order, releasing the unredacted transcripts and related documents relating to those 317 detainees (of the approximately 500 at Guantanamo) who participated in Combatant Status Review Tribunals: "Forced by a federal court to lift the cloak of secrecy that had long shrouded the U. S. prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the Pentagon released thousands of pages of documents Friday containing names and other details for hundreds of detainees scooped up after the Sept. 11 attacks. The records provide the most comprehensive view to date of the Guantanamo prison population, as well as an exhaustive catalog of the U. S. government's charges against detainees who — in page after page of tribunal proceeding transcripts — protest their treatment and proclaim their innocence. " [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]

The Bush Presidency appealed Rakoff's decision, on May 5, 2008. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [19]

UMG Recordings, Inc. et al. v. MP3. com, Inc.

The Recording Industry Association of America, on behalf of the five major recording labels, brought suit against MP3.com. MP3com is a Web site operated by CNET Networks providing information about digital music and artists songs services community and technologies In UMG v. MP3.com, Rakoff granted partial summary judgment in favor of the RIAA, observing that internet companies "may have a misconception that, because their technology is somewhat novel, they are somehow immune from the ordinary applications of laws of the United States, including copyright law," but that "[t]hey need to understand that the law's domain knows no such limits. UMG Recordings, Inc v MP3com, Inc 92 F Supp 2d 349 (SDNY 2000) was a landmark case before Judge Jed S " UMG Recordings, Inc. v. MP3. com, Inc. , 92 F. Supp. 2d 349, 351 (S. D. N. Y. 2000)

Aguinda v. Texaco

Judge Rakoff presided over a class action lawsuit against Texaco, brought under the Alien Tort Claims Act, by a class of Ecuadoreans, including several indigenous tribes, claiming that Texaco caused extensive destruction to the Oriente rainforest. Judge Rakoff dismissed the case on forum non conveniens grounds, writing "While reserving final decision on this motion, the Court is tentatively of the view that, if Ecuador provides an adequate alternative forum, it is the proper place to try these cases, with the Peruvian plaintiffs afforded the alternative of a Peruvian forum if they so prefer. Indeed, the voluminous record before the Court demonstrates that these cases… have everything to do with Ecuador and very little to do with the United States. Moreover, the notion that a New York jury (which plaintiffs have demanded) applying Ecuadorian law (which likely governs the claims here made) could meaningfully assess what occurred in the Amazonian rainforests of Ecuador in the late 1960's and early 1970's is problematic on its face. . . "

SEC v. WorldCom

Rakoff presided over the Securities and Exchange Commission's accounting fraud suit against WorldCom, and, on July 7, 2003, approved a settlement between the SEC and Worldcom. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [20] Rakoff appointed Richard C. Breeden, former Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to serve as Corporate Monitor. Richard C Breeden (born 1949 is an American corporate lawyer and hedge fund manager The US Securities and Exchange Commission (commonly known as the SEC) is an independent agency of the United States government which holds primary responsibility Breeden actively involved himself in the management of the company, and prepared a report for Judge Rakoff, titled Restoring Trust, in which he proposed extensive corporate governance reforms, as part of an effort to "cast the new MCI into what he hoped would become a model of how shareholders should be protected and how companies should be run. "[21] The reforms were implemented, and Rakoff later credited Breeden with "helping to transform a fraud-ridden company into an honest, well-governed, economically viable entity, MCI, Inc. " WorldCom was purchased by Verizon in January 2006.

Motorola Credit Corp. v. Uzan

Motorola Credit Corporation and Nokia brought suit against the Uzan family of Turkey. Nokia Corporation (pronunciation /'nɔkiɑ/),,) is a Finnish multinational Communications Corporation, headquartered Judge Rakoff found that the Uzans perpetrated a multi-billion-dollar fraud in connivance with various corporate defendants, involving the making of numerous false statements designed to induce Motorola and Nokia to extend the loans in issue, diluting the collateral pledged to secure the loans, and filing false criminal charges in Turkey against plaintiffs' senior executives, claiming that the executives engaged in "explicit and armed threat[s] to kill," blackmail, and kidnap members of the Uzan family. Rakoff awarded over $2. 1 billion in compensatory damages and an equal amount in punitive damages. Motorola Credit Corp. v. Uzan, 274 F. Supp. 2d 481 (S. D. N. Y. 2003).

United States v. Adelson

Richard Adelson was charged with securities fraud, causing false reports to be filed with the SEC, soliciting proxies through false statements, and conspiring with others to commit such acts. The gist of the indictment was that Adelson, as Chief Operating Officer and, (eventually) President of Impath, Inc. -- a public company specializing in cancer diagnosis testing -- joined a conspiracy, initially concocted by others, to materially overstate Impath’s financial results, thereby artificially inflating the price of its stock. A jury convicted Adelson of conspiracy, securities fraud, and the three of the false filing counts that related to filings made in the latter half of 2002, but acquitted him of all seven counts that related to earlier filings.

At sentencing, the Government argued that the Sentencing Guidelines called for a sentence of life imprisonment, cabined only by the maximum of 85 years permitted under the counts of which Adelson was convicted. Judge Rakoff objected that the Guideline's inorindate emphasis on "loss amount" was inappropriate in this case, especially since the jury's verdict suggested that Adelson only joined the conspiracy toward its end, and he therefore concluded that "This is one of those cases in which calculations under the Sentencing Guidelines lead to a result so patently unreasonable as to require the Court to place greater emphasis on other sentencing factors to derive a sentence that comports with federal law. " Rakoff therefore focused on the other statutory sentencing considerations -- including the history and characteristics of the defendant, and the need for condemnation, rehabilitation, incapacitation, specific deterrence, general deterrence -- and concluded that they required a sentence of no more than 42 months.

In conclusion, Judge Rakoff wrote, "To put this matter in broad perspective, it is obvious that sentencing is the most sensitive, and difficult, task that any judge is called upon to undertake. Where the Sentencing Guidelines provide reasonable guidance, they are of considerable help to any judge in fashioning a sentence that is fair, just, and reasonable. But where, as here, the calculations under the guidelines have run so amok that they are patently absurd on their face, a Court is forced to place greater reliance on the more general considerations set forth in section 3553(a), as carefully applied to the particular circumstances of the case and of the human being who will bear the consequences. "

Judge Rakoff's Sentencing Memo[22]

Coverage[23][24][25]

In re Ephedra Products Liability Litigation

References

  1. ^ Federal Judical Center Bio of Jed Saul Rakoff, US Department of Justice
  2. ^ Jed Rakoff '64: Honorary Degree Citation, Swarthmore College, June 1, 2003
  3. ^ Jed S. Rakoff '64: Commencement Address, Swarthmore College, June 1, 2003
  4. ^ Jed S. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department Swarthmore College is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States with an enrollment of about 1500 students Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Swarthmore College is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States with an enrollment of about 1500 students Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Rakoff, The Federal Mail Fraud Statute (Part 1), 18 Duq. L. Rev. 771 (1980)
  5. ^ HLS : Faculty Directory. Harvard Law School. Retrieved on 2007-12-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II  “Todd D. Rakoff, Byrne Professor of Administrative Law”
  6. ^ United States of America v. Alan Quinones et al, US Department of Justice, 205 F. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department Supp. 2d 256 (S. D. N. Y. 2002)
  7. ^ Benjamin Weiser, A Legal Quest Against the Death Penalty; Chance of Error Is Too Great, Even for a Murder Victim's Brother, New York Times, January 2, 2005
  8. ^ Judge Orders Release of Gitmo Detainee IDs, Boston Globe, January 23, 2006
  9. ^ Thom Shanker, Pentagon Plans to Tell Names of Detainees, New York Times, February 26, 2006
  10. ^ AP v. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Boston Globe (and Boston Sunday Globe) is the most widely circulated daily Newspaper in Boston and in New England, Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. United States DOD, 2006 U. S. Dist. LEXIS 2456 S. D. N. Y. January 23, 2006 (download)
  11. ^ US to release partial list of Guantanamo detainees, Reuters, March 3, 2006
  12. ^ Reprocessed Combatant Status Review Tribunal (CSRT) and Administrative Review Board (ARB) Documents Released March 3, 2006: Testimony of Detainees Before the Combatant Status Review Tribunal, US Department of Defense, March 3, 2006
  13. ^ Details of Some Guantanamo Hearings, Washington Post, March 5, 2006
  14. ^ Varied Tales Emerge From Guantanamo Files, Washington Post, March 5, 2006
  15. ^ Timeline of AP's Guantanamo-Related Suit, Washington Post, March 4, 2006
  16. ^ Guantanamo Inmates Despair of Ever Leaving, Washington Post, March 5, 2006
  17. ^ In Guantanamo Bay Documents, Prisoners Plead for Release: US Makes First Public Accounting of Detainees, Washington Post, March 5, 2006]
  18. ^ Documents Reveal the Stories of Prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, L. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D A. Times, March 4, 2006
  19. ^ Larry Neumeister. "NY appeals court weighs IDs of abused Guantanamo detainees", Associated Press, May 5, 2008. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John  "Assistant U. S. Attorney Elizabeth Wolstein told the 2nd U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals that Judge Jed S. Rakoff in Manhattan erred in 2006 when he ordered the names released, finding in favor of a Freedom of Information Act request by The Associated Press. " 
  20. ^ The Honorable Jed Rakoff Approves Settlement of SEC'S Claim for a Civil Penalty Against Worldcom, US Department of Justice, July 7, 2003
  21. ^ Restoring Trust: Corporate Governance for the future of MCI
  22. ^ Judge Rakoff's Sentencing Memorandum in United States v. Adelson
  23. ^ Judge Rejects Executive's 85-Year Guideline Sentence as 'Travesty of Justice'
  24. ^ Two White-Collar Criminals, Two Very Different Sentences
  25. ^ Judge Rakoff's Sentencing Memorandum for Richard Adelson: A "Must Read"

External links

For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
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