Jeb Bush
43rd Governor of Florida
In office January 5, 1999 – January 2, 2007
Lieutenant	Frank Brogan (1999-2003) Toni Jennings (2003–2007)
Preceded by	Buddy MacKay
Succeeded by	Charlie Crist
Born	February 11, 1953 (1953-02-11) (age 55) Midland, Texas
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Columba Bush
Profession	banking, real estate
Religion	Roman Catholic

John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American politician, and was the 43rd Governor of Florida. List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The position of Lieutenant Governor of Florida was restored with the 1968 revision of the Florida state constitution (See Article IV Section 2 Frank T Brogan (born September 6, 1953 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is the President of Florida Atlantic University and a Antoinette "Toni" Jennings (born May 17, 1949) was the 16th Lieutenant governor of Florida. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay Jr (born March 22, 1933) is an American Politician and Diplomat from Florida. Charles Joseph "Charlie" Crist Jr (born July 24 1956 is an American politician of the Republican Party and the current Governor of Florida. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Midland is a city in and the County seat of Midland County located on the Southern Plains of the western area of the U Columba Bush (born August 17, 1953) is the wife of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush and the Sister-in-law of President A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the He is a prominent member of the Bush family: the younger brother of current President George W. Bush; the older brother of Neil Bush, Marvin Bush and Dorothy Bush Koch; and the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush. Originating in Orange New Jersey, the Bush family in the 20th century became an accomplished Political family in the United States, including across The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Neil Mallon Bush (born January 22, 1955 in Midland Texas) is the fourth of six children of President George Herbert Marvin Pierce Bush (born October 22, 1956) is the youngest son of George H Dorothy Walker Bush Koch, often called "Doro" (born August 18, 1959 in Texas) is the daughter of the 41st President of the United George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Barbara Pierce Bush (born June 8 1925 is the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H

Contents 1 Early years 2 Family 3 Early career 3.1 Business experience in Texas and abroad 3.2 Business and lobbying experience in Miami 3.3 Civic and charitable activities 3.4 Religious affiliation 4 Political career 4.1 Early campaigns 4.2 Governor of Florida 4.2.1 Education 4.2.2 Libraries 4.2.3 Environment 4.2.4 LGBT Issues 4.2.5 Culture of life positions 4.2.6 Popularity 4.2.7 International trade 4.2.8 Lieutenant Governors 4.2.9 Florida Cabinet 4.2.10 Other organizations 5 2002 gubernatorial election 5.1 The Democratic primary race 5.2 The 2002 election results 6 Political future 6.1 Political bases 6.2 Bush's impact on his political party 6.3 Bush's on-going interests 6.4 Bush as NFL commissioner 6.5 Speech at D.C. Summit 6.6 New function 7 Electoral history 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links

Early years

He enrolled at Phillips Andover, a private boarding school in Massachusetts, already attended by his brother, George. Phillips Academy (also known as Phillips Andover or PA or simply Andover) is a co-educational University preparatory school for boarding A boarding school is a School where some or all pupils not only study but also live during term time with their fellow students and possibly teachers The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Bush made the honor roll in his first semester.

When Bush was 17, he went to León, Guanajuato, in Mexico, as part of his school's student exchange program. The city of León, formally León de los Aldama is the fifth most populous city in Mexico and the first in the state of Guanajuato. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A student exchange program is a program in which a Student, typically in secondary or Higher education, chooses to live in a foreign country to learn He spent his time there teaching English, and it was there that he met his future wife Columba Garnica Gallo. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Columba Bush (born August 17, 1953) is the wife of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush and the Sister-in-law of President

Bush attended the University of Texas at Austin, where he graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor's degree in Latin American Studies in 1973, taking only two and a half years to complete his work, and obtaining generally excellent grades. The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an academic Honor society with the mission of "fostering and recognizing excellence" in the Undergraduate Liberal arts A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and He registered for the draft, but the Vietnam War ended before his number came up. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia

Family

After his early graduation, Bush married Columba Garnica Gallo, on February 23, 1974. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Their three children are George P. Bush, Noelle Bush and Jeb Bush, Jr. George Prescott Bush (born April 24 1976 in Texas) is an attorney and real estate developer who is the eldest of three children of former Florida John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American Politician and was the 43rd Governor of Florida Their eldest son, George Prescott Bush (born April 24, 1976 in Texas), went to Gulliver Preparatory School, studied at Rice University, and earned a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. style="margin-left 1em"> Gulliver Preparatory William Marsh Rice University (commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters Science and Art Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional The University of Texas School of Law is an ABA -certified American Law school located on The University of Texas at Austin campus Noelle Lucila Bush (born July 26, 1977 in Texas), their daughter and second child, studied at Tallahassee Community College, graduating in 2000. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Tallahassee Community College, founded in 1966, is a Community college in Tallahassee Florida that feeds into Florida State University John Ellis "Jebby" Bush, Jr. (born December 13, 1983 in Miami, Florida), their youngest child, attended The Bolles School, a private boarding and day school in Jacksonville, and then the University of Texas. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The Bolles School of Jacksonville, Florida is a internationally known co-educational College preparatory day and Boarding school serving grades

John Ellis Bush, Jr. works for a Miami commercial real estate firm. He has received media attention on two occasions: in 2000, he was caught having sex in a Tallahassee, Florida, mall parking lot with a 17-year-old girl. Parking lot (called a car park in Australia and the UK) is a cleared area that is more or less level and is intended for Parking vehicles On September 16, 2005, he was arrested and charged with public intoxication and resisting arrest on the street corner near Sixth Street in Austin, Texas. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 6th Street is a historic Street and entertainment district in Austin Texas. His father responded that this was a "personal family matter" which was being handled privately. In October 2007, John Ellis Bush endorsed Rudy Giuliani for the 2008 Republican Presidential nomination, and will support the effort as chair of "Florida Young Professionals for Rudy". October 2007 is the tenth month of that year It began on a Monday and 31 days later ended on a Wednesday. KBE Per, "Postnominal letters should be included when they are issued by a country or organization the subject has been closely associated with ^[1]

Noelle Lucila Bush graduated from Tallahassee Community College in 2000. Tallahassee Community College, founded in 1966, is a Community college in Tallahassee Florida that feeds into Florida State University On January 29, 2002, according to a police report made public via The Smoking Gun, she attempted to “fraudulently obtain a prescription” at a Walgreens Drug Store located in Tallahassee, Florida. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Smoking Gun is a Website that posts legal documents arrest records and police Mugshots on a daily basis Walgreen Co ( d/b/a Walgreens (without an Apostrophe) is a leading Pharmacy chain, mail service and pharmacy benefit manager ^[2] The attending officer, Mark E. Dent of the Tallahassee Police Department, ascertained that Bush had telephoned the pharmacy using the name “Noelle Scidmore” in an attempt to obtain Xanax, a prescription drug used to treat anxiety disorders. The Tallahassee Police Department (TPD provides public safety services for the city of Tallahassee, Florida. Alprazolam, also known under the trade names Xanax and Niravam, is a short-acting drug of the Benzodiazepine class used to treat moderate Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal pathological anxieties Fears and Phobias In clinical usage "fear" As a result of her arrest, Bush was ordered by a judge to attend a rehabilitation program at the Center for Drug-Free Living in Orlando, Florida. Orlando is a major City in central Florida, USA and is the County seat of Orange County Florida. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the ^[3] During her time at the facility, Bush was found in contempt of court after being found in possession of two grams of cocaine, and was sentenced to 10 days in jail. Contempt of court is a court ruling which in the context of a court trial or hearing deems an individual as having been disrespectful of the court its process and its invested Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant ^[3] In August 2003, Jeb Bush and his wife Columba attended their daughter's final court appearance. August 2003: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - ^[4] Upon completion of her rehabilitation program, the governor's press office released a statement on his behalf. “Columba and I are pleased that our daughter Noelle has completed this step, and grateful for the treatment she's received…. She has worked hard to get here. We are proud of her efforts and love her very much. ”^[4] Regarding her treatment, Noelle Bush herself told the court “It's been quite a challenge, and I'm grateful. ”^[4]

Early career

Business experience in Texas and abroad

After earning his degree, Bush went to work in an entry level position in the international division of Texas Commerce Bank, a job he received through James Baker, a long time family friend and chairman of the board of Texas Commerce Bank. The Texas Commerce Bank was a bank that merged with Chemical Banking Corporation of New York in May 1987. See also James Addison Baker James Addison Baker III (born April 28 1930) is a American attorney politician political Bush assisted in drafting communications for the company's chairman, Ben Love.

In November 1977, he was sent to the Venezuelan capital of Caracas to open a new operation for the bank. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Bush spent about two years there, working in international finance. He eventually worked for the bank's executive program.

Bush returned to the United States to work without salary on his father's campaign for the Republican presidential nomination in 1980, explaining:

"I wasn't motivated for politics, I wasn't motivated because of ideology or anything. The United States presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter and his Republican opponent Ronald Reagan An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics My dad's the greatest man I've ever met or will meet; I can predict that fairly confidently. It was payback time, simple as that. "

His father ultimately lost the Republican nomination for President that year, but was chosen to be Ronald Reagan's running mate. That fall, George H. W. Bush was elected Vice President of the United States, and won reelection in 1984. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death In 1988, the elder Bush won both the Republican Party's presidential nomination and the election, becoming the nation's 41st president.

Business and lobbying experience in Miami

Following the 1980 presidential election, Bush and his family moved to Miami-Dade County, Florida. Miami-Dade County (often referred to as simply Miami or Dade) is a County located in the southeastern part of the state of Florida He took a job in real estate with Armando Codina, a 32-year-old Cuban immigrant and self-made American millionaire. Armando Codina, a Cuban-American self-made millionaire was among the 25 Florida electors for President Bush in the 2000 Presidential Election, and the 27 electors The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la Codina had made a fortune in a computer business, and then formed a new company, IntrAmerica Investments Inc. , to pursue opportunities in real estate. Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom

In 1981, his first year with Codina's new real estate venture, Bush earned $41,508. He soon became a valuable real estate salesman for Codina and helped him build a very successful property business in Florida.

During Bush's years in Miami, he was involved in many different entrepreneurial pursuits, including working for a mobile phone company, serving on the board of a Norwegian-owned company that sold fire equipment to the Alaska oil pipeline, becoming a minority owner of the Jacksonville Jaguars, buying a shoe company that sold footwear in Panama, and getting involved in a scheme to sell water pumps in Nigeria. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System ( TAPS) usually called the Alyeska Pipeline in Alaska or the Alaska Pipeline elsewhere is a major U Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal

Codina eventually made Bush his partner in a new development business, which quickly became one of South Florida's leading real estate development firms. As a partner, Bush received 40% of the firm's profits.

Bush was also on the payroll of Cuban exile Miguel Recarey, who had earlier assisted the CIA in attempts to assassinate Fidel Castro. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born August 13 1926 is a Cuban revolutionary leader who was prime minister of Cuba from December 1959 to December 1976 and then president until ^[5] Recarey, who ran International Medical Centres (IMC), employed Bush as a real estate consultant and paid him a $75,000 fee for finding the company a new location, although the move never took place. Bush did, however, lobby the Reagan/Bush administration vigorously and successfully on behalf of Recarey and IMC. Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups "I want to be very wealthy," Jeb Bush told the Miami News when questioned during that period. ^[6]

Civic and charitable activities

After narrowly losing a 1994 election for Governor of Florida against Lawton Chiles, Bush pursued policy and charitable interests. Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr ( April 3 1930 December 12 1998) was an American politician from the U He started a non-profit organization called The Foundation For Florida’s Future, a think tank that stated as its mission influencing public policy at the grassroots level. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such For other meanings see Grass roots (disambiguation. A grassroots movement (often referenced in the context of a Political movement He also "volunteered time to assist the Miami Children's Hospital, the United Way of Dade County and the Dade County Homeless Trust". United Way of America, based in Alexandria Virginia, is a Non-profit organization that works with nearly 1300 local United Way offices throughout the country in ^[7]

Jeb Bush has also worked with The James Madison Institute, a free market public policy think tank based in Tallahassee, FL. The James Madison Institute is a Free-market Think tank headquartered in Tallahassee Florida in the United States A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such He helped the institute in numerous ways and still has his think tanks working in conjunction with it. In June 2008, Jeb's institute, the Foundation for Excellence in Education, will partner with JMI to hold a summit called "Excellence in Action: A National Summit on Education Reform".

In 1996, The Foundation For Florida’s Future published a book that Bush had co-written, Profiles in Character (ISBN 0-9650912-0-1), a clear parallel to John F. Kennedy's 1955 book Profiles in Courage. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Profiles in Courage is a 1955 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by John F The foundation also published and distributed policy papers, such as "A New Lease on Learning: Florida's First Charter School", which Bush co-wrote. ^[8] Bush subsequently wrote the foreword to another book, published by the conservative Heritage Foundation and written by Nina Shokraii Rees, School Choice 2000: What’s Happening in the States (ISBN 0-89195-089-3). Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined The Heritage Foundation is an American conservative Think tank.

Bush co-founded the first charter school in the State of Florida: Liberty City Charter School, a grades K-6 elementary school. Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but ^[9] The school is situated in Liberty City, a Miami neighborhood that was the site, in 1980, of the first major race riot since the Civil Rights era. Race Riot is a 1929 animated Short subject, featuring Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. ^[10] The school's co-founder, working alongside Bush, was T. Williard Fair, a well-known local black activist and head of the Greater Miami Urban League. The Liberty City Charter School still operates today as a charter school.

Religious affiliation

In addition to his business, civic and charitable activities, Bush underwent a religious conversion during the early years of his career. At the urging of his wife, a devout Roman Catholic, the Protestant Bush converted to her religion. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. He and his wife belonged to the Epiphany Catholic Church in Miami for many years. Bush is also a Third Degree Knight of Columbus according to an August 3, 2004 speech his brother, George W. The Knights of Columbus is the world's largest Catholic fraternal service organization Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Bush, made at the 122nd Knights of Columbus Convention in Dallas. The following is an excerpt from the speech:

"I'm proud to say that my family has contributed to your ranks. A few years ago, Governor Jeb became a Knight. And he — yes — and he recently took his Third Degree. I'll see him this weekend. His son is getting married. I'll pass on the word, aim for the Fourth. "

Political career

Early campaigns

Bush got his start in Florida politics as the Chairman of the Dade County Republican Party. Dade County played an important role in the 1986 election of Bob Martinez to the Governor's office. Robert "Bob" Martinez (born December 25, 1934 in Tampa Florida) was the fortieth governor of Florida from 1987 to In return, Martinez appointed Bush as Florida's Secretary of Commerce. He served in that role in 1987 and 1988, before resigning once again to work on his father's presidential campaign. In 1989 he served as the campaign manager of Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, the first Cuban-American to serve in Congress. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (also known as Ileana Ros; born Ileana Ros y Adato July 15 1952) is a Republican United States Representative He launched an unsuccessful bid for the Governor's office in 1994 against incumbent Democratic Governor Lawton Chiles. The Florida Democratic Party ( FDP) is the official organization for Democrats in the state of Florida. Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr ( April 3 1930 December 12 1998) was an American politician from the U Bush lost the election by only 63,940 votes out of 4,206,076 that were cast for the major party candidates (2,135,008; 50. 8% to 2,071,068; 49. 2%).

Governor of Florida

In 1998, Bush defeated the Democratic opponent Lt. Governor Buddy MacKay by over 418,000 votes (2,191,105; 55. Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay Jr (born March 22, 1933) is an American Politician and Diplomat from Florida. 3% to 1,773,054; 44. 7%) to become Governor of Florida, after courting the state's moderate voters and Hispanics. List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 In Politics and Religion, a moderate is an individual who holds an intermediate position between two viewpoints neither to be extreme or radical by those applying Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically Simultaneously, his brother, George W. Bush won a landslide re-election victory for a second term as Governor of Texas, and the Bush brothers became the first siblings to govern two states at the same time since Nelson and Winthrop Rockefeller governed New York and Arkansas from 1967 to 1971. Governors of Texas Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( July 8, 1908 January 26, 1979) was the forty-first Vice President of the United States, the forty-ninth Winthrop A Rockefeller ( May 1, 1912 February 22, 1973) was a Politician and Philanthropist who served as the first New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Bush is the first Republican governor of Florida to have served two full four year terms.

Paradoxically, Buddy MacKay would become Governor before Bush, as his predecessor, Lawton Chiles, died of a heart attack on December 12, 1998, only three weeks before his term ended. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar)

Education

Bush's administration has been marked by a focus on public education reform. His "A+ Plan" mandated standardized testing in Florida's public schools, eliminated social promotion and established a system of funding public schools based on a statewide grading system using the FCAT test. The Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test, or the FCAT, is the standardized test used in the primary and secondary public schools of Florida. Bush has been a proponent of school vouchers and charter schools, especially in areas of the state with failing public schools, although to date very few schools have received failing grades from the state. A school voucher, also called an education voucher, is a certificate issued by the government by which parents can pay for the Education of their children at a Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but One program that has seen fruition is the Florida Virtual High School, a distance-learning program that allows students in rural areas of the state to take Advanced Placement classes for college credit. Distance education, or distance learning, is a field of education that focuses on the Pedagogy and Andragogy, technology and instructional systems design The Advanced Placement Program is a program that offers college level courses at High schools across the United States and Canada. However, his policies have also been driven by a firm refusal to raise taxes for education, which led Bush to oppose a ballot initiative to amend the Florida Constitution to cap growing school class sizes. Bush said he had "a couple of devious plans if this thing passes". ^[11][12] Despite his opposition, the amendment passed;^[13] Bush's subsequent suggestions that the amendment be repealed^[14] have contributed to criticisms that he has failed to implement it in good faith. A similar concern about new expenditures has led to controversy over whether Florida has provided adequate resources to implement a subsequent voter-approved state constitutional amendment that requires a universal state-financed pre-Kindergarten program. ^[15]

In higher education, Bush approved three new medical schools during his tenure and also put forth the "One Florida" proposal, an initiative that effectively ended affirmative action admissions programs at state universities. Affirmative action in the United States|Employment equity (Canada|Reservation in India|Numerus clausus The term affirmative action describes many policies aimed at a historically ^[16] These moves were among the influencing concerns that led to the faculty of the University of Florida to deny Bush an honorary degree, whilst the University of Florida Alumni Association made him an honorary alumnus. The University of Florida ( Florida or UF) is a public land-grant, sea-grant, space-grant major Research An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding ^[17]

Libraries

On May 2006, as part of an unprecedented $448. 7-million line-item veto of state funding, Florida Gov. Jeb Bush slashed a total of $5. 8 million in grants to public libraries, pilot projects for library homework help and web-based high-school texts, and funding for a joint-use library in Tampa. [5] Jeb Bush minimized history education but the state's librarians stood up to Jeb Bush and won. [6] [7]

After months of controversy that included thousands of e-mails, petition signatures and hundreds of picketers at the State Capitol,the Florida House voted to ditch Gov. Jeb Bush's plan to give the biggest collection at the century-old State Library to Nova Southeastern University. [8]

Environment

Bush signed legislation to protect the Everglades and opposed federal plans to drill for oil off the coast of Florida. Everglades is also the name of a city in Collier County Florida An oil is a substance that is in a viscous Liquid state ( "oily") at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer and is In early October 2005, Bush attempted to strike a compromise with fellow Republicans that would allow offshore drilling in an area that stretches 125 miles off Florida's coastline and give the state legislature the power to permit drilling closer to the state's coastlines. The compromise was warmly received by some Florida Republicans and U. S. Congressmen, such as bill sponsor Richard Pombo, but has yet to be agreed upon; others including Republican U. Richard William Pombo (born January 8 1961) is a former Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, having represented S. Senator Mel Martinez, objected to any backtracking on the drilling moratorium. Melquíades Rafael "Mel" Martínez (born October 23, 1946) is currently the junior United States Senator from Florida and served Jeb Bush is skeptical about man-made global warming. ^[18]

LGBT Issues

Bush opposes gay marriage and hate crimes status for gays and lesbians. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same Hate crimes (also known as bias motivated crimes) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain Social group, usually defined In the English language, gay is an Adjective that in modern usage refers to Homosexuality. A lesbian is a Woman who is romantically or sexually attracted only to other women He also promoted a friend-of-the-court brief supporting the state's ban on gay adoption. LGBT adoption refers to the Adoption of children by Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgendered people ^[19]

Culture of life positions

Bush is both pro-life and a supporter of the death penalty. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment.

Bush was involved in the case of Terri Schiavo, a woman with massive and irreversible brain damage, who was on a feeding tube for over 15 years, and whose husband and legal guardian, Michael Schiavo, wished to remove the tube. Theresa Marie Schindler "Terri" Schiavo ( December 3 1963 – March 31 2005 was an American woman who suffered brain damage and became dependent on a Feeding tube Brain damage, or Acquired brain injury, is the destruction or degeneration of Brain cells. Michael Richard Schiavo (born April 3, 1963) was the husband of Terri Schiavo, who became a public figure in a national debate over end-of-life This move was opposed by Terry Schiavo's parents in the courts. Bush signed "Terri's Law," a law passed by the Florida legislature that permitted the Governor to keep Schiavo on life support. The legislative executive and judicial branches of both the United States federal government and the State of Florida, were involved in the case of Terri Schiavo Life support, in the medical field refers to a set of therapies for preserving a patient's life when essential body systems are not functioning sufficiently to sustain life unaided The law was ruled unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court on September 23, 2004. The Supreme Court of the State of Florida is the State supreme court of Florida. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " That decision was appealed to the federal courts. In Law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision On January 24, 2005, however, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case, thus allowing the Florida court's ruling to stand. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Bush took heated criticism from conservatives who were disappointed that he did not take further action to prevent Schiavo from having her feeding tube removed. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined ^[20]

Bush oversaw 21 executions as Governor^[21] (more than Graham, Martinez and Chiles while they were in office). Capital punishment is legal in US state of Florida. Florida was the first state to reintroduce the death penalty after the Supreme Court Daniel Robert "Bob" Graham (born November 9, 1936) is an American politician Bush never agreed to commute any sentence^[22]

Bush also presided over switching from electric chair (the only method of executions until 2000, now optional) to lethal injection, after a botched electrocution of Allen Lee Davis (first inmate executed under his administration and last, to date, electrocuted in Florida). Execution by electrocution (usually referred to after its method of implementation as the Electric Chair) is an execution method originating in the United States in which the 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Allen Lee Davis ( July 20, 1944 &ndash July 8, 1999) was a convicted murderer executed for the May 11, 1982 Jacksonville After two previous botched executions (Jesse Tafero in 1990 and Pedro Medina in 1997) Governors Martinez and Chiles along with legislature declined to change methods. Jessie Joseph Tafero (born October 12, 1946 &mdash died May 4, 1990) was a convicted rapist drug dealer and murderer executed via Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Not to be confused with Colombian poet Pedro Medina Avendaño. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar ^[23]

While he is a firm supporter of capital punishment, Bush suspended all executions in Florida on December 15, 2006, after the execution of Ángel Nieves Díaz was seemingly botched. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ángel Nieves Díaz ( August 31, 1951 &ndash December 13, 2006) was a Puerto Rican The execution took 37 minutes to complete, and required a second injection of the lethal chemicals.

Popularity

Bush has consistently remained popular overall in Florida — a state with more registered Democratic than Republican voters,^[24] and an influential and diverse number of independent swing voters.

International trade

Bush said one of the most important goals of his final two years as Governor was to secure the FTAA Secretariat for Miami. The Free Trade Area of the Americas ( FTAA) ( Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA French: Zone de libre-échange des

Lieutenant Governors

Lt. Gov. Frank Brogan, a former fifth-grade teacher, principal, and superintendent, served only one term with Bush. Frank T Brogan (born September 6, 1953 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is the President of Florida Atlantic University and a After Brogan remarried, he opted not to serve a second term. Brogan was reelected to a second term in 2002 with Bush and then resigned in March 2003. He and his new wife moved to Boca Raton, where he serves as president of Florida Atlantic University. Boca Raton ("bōkə rə-tōn" is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida incorporated in May 1925 In Tallahassee, a museum was named in honor of Brogan's late wife, Mary, who died on June 27, 1999 of breast cancer and, like her husband, was a Florida school teacher. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Breast cancer is a Cancer that starts in the cells of the Breast in women and men ^[25]

Following Brogan's resignation, Bush appointed former Florida Senate President Toni Jennings, with whom he had occasionally disagreed in regards to public policy, as Lieutenant Governor. The Florida Senate is part of the legislative branch of government for the state of Florida. Antoinette "Toni" Jennings (born May 17, 1949) was the 16th Lieutenant governor of Florida.

Florida Cabinet

As Governor, Bush served as the chairman of the Florida Cabinet, which provides collective governance over part of state government. The Florida Cabinet is a Florida governmental body that engages in collective governance of the state

Other organizations

Bush was a member of the National Governors Association and the Republican Governors Association. The National Governors Association (NGA is a primarily taxpayer-funded lobbying Organization of the Governors of the fifty U The Republican Governors Association is a Washington DC -based organization founded in 1963 consisting of U

2002 gubernatorial election

Main article: Florida gubernatorial election, 2002

Before Bush's re-election, no Republican in Florida had ever been re-elected to serve a second term as the state's Governor. The 2002 Florida gubernatorial election took place on 5 November 2002 for the post of Governor of Florida. In addition, there was likely no precedent for any Governor to be branded by the opposition as its "Number One Target" for removal from office, as Bush was ranked in 2002. This was not merely a statewide effort to oust the Republican Governor, but a much-publicized goal of the DNC and its highest leadership during the 2002 election cycle. The Democratic National Committee (DNC is the principal organization governing the United States Democratic Party on a day to day basis

The Democratic primary race

Bush almost faced Janet Reno in the 2002 Florida Governor's race. Janet Reno (born July 21, 1938) was the Attorney General of the United States ( 1993 &ndash 2001) However, a number of other Democratic candidates also wanted to become Florida's next Governor, including Bill McBride. Bill McBride (born May 10, 1945) is an American lawyer and politician. A prominent litigator with Holland & Knight and a novice candidate, McBride was favored by national Democratic Party leaders in part because of his military background and perceived ability to attract Florida's more conservative voters. Holland & Knight is a Law firm with more than 1150 lawyers in 17 U

In the ensuing Democratic primary contest (where only Democratic voters could vote, pursuant to state primary laws), circumstances surrounding McBride's victory outraged many voters in South Florida. Some voting venues – located in Reno's urban strongholds of Broward County and Dade County, and operated by Democrats elected as county election officials – reportedly opened hours late, and then ignored Bush's Executive Order, issued at Reno's request, to stay open later to accommodate all voters.

The 2002 election results

In the closely watched Florida Governor's race that attracted national attention, Bush was re-elected in November 2002, becoming the first Republican in the state's history to be re-elected as Governor. November 2002: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - Bush defeated Democratic challenger Bill McBride with 56% to 43%, a greater margin of victory than in Bush's 1998 campaign for the Governor's office. Bush also increased the number of counties in his victory column, winning several Florida counties for the very first time.

In January 2007, Bush became only the second Florida Governor to complete two full four-year terms in office, the first being Democrat Reubin O'Donovan Askew. Reubin O'Donovan Askew (born September 11 1928) is an American politician, who served as the 37th governor of the U (Bush was prevented from seeking a third term in the 2006 election, due to term limits under state law. )

Bush made political history not only by becoming the first Republican Governor to ever win re-election in Florida, but also by being the first Florida Governor to select a woman, Toni Jennings, to serve as Florida's Lieutenant Governor. Antoinette "Toni" Jennings (born May 17, 1949) was the 16th Lieutenant governor of Florida. No woman had ever been appointed or elected to that high office in Florida's executive branch.

Bush is also the first Governor to hold office while having a brother simultaneously serve as President.

Political future

Bush was unable, due to term limits under state law, to seek a third term as Governor. See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office

Some speculated that Bush would run against Florida's current Democratic senator, Bill Nelson, in the 2006 U.S. Senate election, but he did not; the Republican candidate was Katherine Harris, who lost to Nelson. For other people named Bill Nelson see Bill Nelson (disambiguation. Elections for the United States Senate were held on November 7[[ 006]] with 33 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate being contested Katherine Harris (born April 5, 1957, Key West Florida) is an American Republican Politician and former Secretary of State of

Notwithstanding rumors, he did not run for president in the 2008 election. The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive

Political bases

Bush is popular among Cubans in Florida (winning 80% of the Cuban vote in 2002), and popular among non-Cuban Hispanics (56% in 2002, equaling the 56% he won statewide). Cubans (Cubanos are people inhabiting or originating from Cuba. Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically As a longtime supporter of Israel,^[26] Bush also maintains a significant connection to Florida's Jewish voters. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ He was endorsed in his two winning Governor races by a national Jewish publication, and won 44 percent of the state's Jewish vote in the 2002 Governor's race. ^[27] Many black voters support his focus on public education and parental choice in education, and a number of Black Republican clubs have risen in Florida. Black conservatism is an international political and social movement rooted in communities of African descent that aligns largely with the conservative movement ^[28] In his re-election in 2002, Bush surprised critics by winning^[29] the white female vote in the swing-voting battleground of Central Florida's I-4 corridor. Most recently, he has reached out extensively to Florida's Haitian community. Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole:

Bush's impact on his political party

Bush's appeal to Florida's highly diverse group of voters, along with his success in expanding the so-called "big tent" of the Florida Republican Party, appear to have propelled him into a commanding political position. Nationwide, American conservatives appear to be positive about Bush, seeing him as committed to upholding core conservative principles. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined ^[30] Bush often personally keeps in touch with his base, such as when he emailed his thanks to his most devoted supporters on a conservative web site within 24 hours after winning the 2002 Governor's race. Throughout his two administrations, Bush's office has touted his record of non–discrimination and rewarding merit, claiming he employs highly qualified women, blacks and other minorities more often in top-level government positions than any previous Florida Governor.

Outside of Florida, fellow Republican leaders throughout the country have sought Bush's aid both on and off the campaign trail. Bush's out-of-state campaign visits include Kentucky, where Republican challenger Ernie Fletcher appeared with Bush and won that state's governorship in 2003,^[31] ending a 32-year streak of Democratic governors. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Ernest Lee Fletcher (born November 12, 1952) is a Republican politician from Kentucky In California, after Democratic Governor Gray Davis was ousted in a recall vote, Bush dispatched Florida's budget director^[32] to that state to lead an independent audit of California's budget, at the request of the state's newly elected Republican Governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Joseph Graham Davis Jr (born December 26 1942 better known as Gray Davis, is an American politician who served as California 's 37th Governor The 2003 California recall election was a special Election permitted under California law The most general definition of an audit is an evaluation of a person organization system process project or product Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( German ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ born July 30 1947 is an Austrian American Bodybuilder, Actor

Bush's on-going interests

Bush has also been active in the neoconservative think tank Project for the New American Century, whose stated goal is to promote American global leadership. Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism The Project for the New American Century (PNAC was an American neoconservative Think tank based in Washington D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Since 2004, he has been serving a four-year term as a Board Member for the National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB). ^[33] Created by Congress, this board’s purpose is to establish policy on reports examining K-12 students’ academic progress in America’s public and private schools. In 2008, Bush will be serving on the NAGB educational committee focused on Standards, Design and Methodology.

Bush as NFL commissioner

In May 2006, AP reported that Bush was privately approached to become the next commissioner of the National Football League. May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. ^[34] This is said to be an interest of his, but it was unknown whether or not he would take the position. The former commissioner, Paul Tagliabue, announced that his tenure would soon be over and he is searching for replacements. Paul John Tagliabue (born November 24 1940 in Jersey City New Jersey) was the Commissioner of the National Football League "I'm flattered," Jeb Bush said May 24, 2006 of the NFL's interest, "but I'm Governor of the state of Florida and I intend to be Governor until I leave -- which is January 2007. And I'm not going to consider any other options other than being Governor until I finish". ^[35] Roger Goodell eventually became the new NFL commissioner. Roger S Goodell (born February 19, 1959, in Jamestown New York) is the Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL

Speech at D. C. Summit

On January 27, 2007 Bush spoke as the keynote speaker at the National Review Institute's Conservative Summit in Washington, D. National Review ( NR) is a biweekly Magazine and Web site, founded by the late author William F C. speaking about the Democratic take over in Congress. He told political conservatives "we lost, and there are significant reasons that happened, but it isn't because conservatives were rejected. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined It's because we rejected the conservative philosophy in this country. "^[36] He told them “don't…abandon conservative principles…we don't need to be the end all and be all for every special interest group, for every constituent that you like, for every person that's given a fundraising check to your campaign, for everything that is just wrong about public policy and politics”. An interest group (also advocacy group, lobby group, pressure group or special interest group) is an organized collection of people who seek ^[37] In attendance at the summit was former chairman of the Republican National Committee Ed Gillespie who said if he, like Bush, “left office with approval ratings above 60 percent…he might be in Des Moines today [preparing for the presidential primary]”. The Republican National Committee (RNC provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. Edward W Gillespie is an American Republican Lobbyist, and current White House counsel to George W ^[36] Bush denied rumors that he would run for President in 2008, but “when questioned did not rule out running as a vice presidential candidate. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death ”^[37] He joked about being out of work for the first time in his life but said he is happy for the opportunity to “take a pause. ”^[37]

New function

In April 2007, Jeb Bush joined Tenet Healthcare's board of directors. Tenet Healthcare Corporation ( THC) is an Operating company that owns and operates 57 Hospitals in the United States. ^[38]

Electoral history

• 1994 Race for Governor
  • Lawton Chiles (D) (inc. Lawton Mainor Chiles Jr ( April 3 1930 December 12 1998) was an American politician from the U ), 51%
  • Jeb Bush (R), 49%

• 1998 Race for Governor
  • Jeb Bush (R), 55%
  • Buddy MacKay (D), 45%

• 2002 Race for Governor
  • Jeb Bush (R) (inc. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay Jr (born March 22, 1933) is an American Politician and Diplomat from Florida. ), 56%
  • Bill McBride (D), 43%

See also

• Bush family

References

Further reading

• Freedberg, Syndey P. "Jeb Bush: The Son Rises Away from Dad's Shadow. " The Miami Herald, August 15, 1994. The Miami Herald is a daily Newspaper owned by The McClatchy Company headquartered in Downtown Miami Florida. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
• Huffington, Arianna. Arianna Huffington (born Arianna Stassinopoulos, on July 15, 1950) is an Author, media gadfly, and nationally syndicated "The latest Bush hypocrisy". Salon.com, September 16, 2002. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
• Viglucci, Andres and Alfonso Chardy. "Bush and business: Fast success, brushes with mystery". The Miami Herald, October 5, 2002. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
• Yardley, William. "Jeb Bush: His early values shape his politics." The Miami Herald, September 22, 2002. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
• Barnes, Fred. "Governor in Chief: Jeb Bush's remarkable eight years of achievement in Florida." The Weekly Standard, June 12, 2006. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

External links

• Official website
• Official Florida Web portal
• Office of the Governor
• Official Governor's portrait and biography from the State of Florida

Political offices
Preceded by Kenneth H. "Buddy" MacKay, Jr.	Governor of Florida January 5, 1999 - January 2, 2007	Succeeded by Charlie Crist

Persondata
NAME	Bush, Jeb
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Governor of Florida
DATE OF BIRTH	February 11, 1953
PLACE OF BIRTH	Midland, Texas
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

Kenneth Hood "Buddy" MacKay Jr (born March 22, 1933) is an American Politician and Diplomat from Florida. List of Governors Military governor Spanish Florida was acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect July 10 Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Charles Joseph "Charlie" Crist Jr (born July 24 1956 is an American politician of the Republican Party and the current Governor of Florida. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Midland is a city in and the County seat of Midland County located on the Southern Plains of the western area of the U

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