Jean Calas (1698 – 1762) was a merchant living in Toulouse, France, famous for having been the victim of a biased trial due to his being a Protestant. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. In France, he is a symbol of Christian religious intolerance, along with Jean-François de la Barre and Pierre-Paul Sirven. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Religious intolerance is either Intolerance motivated by one's own religious beliefs or intolerance against another's religious beliefs or practices Jean-François, knight de la Barre (September 12 1745 - July 1 1766 was a French nobleman famous for having been Tortured and beheaded before his body Pierre-Paul Sirven (1709-1777 is one of Voltaire 's causes célèbres in his campaign to écraser l'infame (crush infamy
Calas, along with his wife, was a Protestant. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. France was then a mostly Catholic country; Catholicism was the state religion. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially While the harsh repression of Protestantism initiated by King Louis XIV had largely receded, Protestants were, at best, tolerated. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Louis, one of the Calas' sons, converted to Catholicism in 1756. On October 13-October 14, 1761, another of the Calas' sons, Marc-Antoine, was found dead on the ground floor of the family's home. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Marc-Antoine Calas (died October 13 1761) was eldest son of French merchant Jean Calas. Rumors had it that Jean Calas had killed his son because he, too, intended to convert to Catholicism. The family, interrogated, first claimed that Marc-Antoine had been killed by a murderer. Then they declared that they had found Marc-Antoine dead, hanged; since suicide was then considered a heinous crime against oneself, and the dead bodies of suicides were defiled, they had arranged for their son's suicide to look like a murder.
On March 9, 1762, the parlement (appellate court) of Toulouse sentenced Jean Calas to death on the wheel. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. Court of Appeal, Court of Appeals, and Appellate Division redirect here for a list of specific courts using those titles see Court of Appeal Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest The breaking wheel (also known as the Catherine wheel) was a torturous Capital punishment device used in the Middle Ages and early modern times for On March 10, he died tortured on the wheel, while still very firmly claiming his innocence. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally Voltaire, contacted about the case, after initial suspicions that Calas was guilty of anti-Catholic fanaticism had subsided, began a campaign to get Calas' sentence overturned. François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Fanaticism is an Emotion of being filled with excessive uncritical Zeal, particularly for an extreme religious or political cause or in
On March 9, 1765, Jean Calas was found not guilty. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
External links
- l'Affaire Calas (in French)
- Voltaire's Traité sur la Tolérance à l'occasion de la mort de Jean Calas (in French)
"The Calas Case". François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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