| Jean-Martin Charcot | |
 |
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| Born | November 29, 1825 |
|---|---|
| Died | August 16, 1893 |
| Residence | France |
| Nationality | French |
| Fields | Neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology |
Jean-Martin Charcot (29 November 1825 – 16 August 1893) was a French neurologist and professor of anatomical pathology. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies Pathology; please do not remove --> ( Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Pathology; please do not remove --> ( His work greatly influenced the developing fields of neurology and psychology. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and He was called "the Napoleon of the neuroses. This article describes the term in psychology For the experimental metal band see Neurosis (band. "
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Life and work
Born in Paris, Charcot worked and taught at the famous Salpêtrière Hospital for thirty three years. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital ( Groupe hospitalier de la Pitié-Salpétrière) is a world-renowned Teaching hospital located in Paris, France. His reputation as an instructor drew students from all over Europe. In 1882, he established a neurology clinic at Salpêtrière, which was the first of its kind in Europe.
Charcot's primary focus was neurology. He named and was the first to describe multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the He was also the first to describe a disorder known as Charcot joint or Charcot arthropathy, a degeneration of joint surfaces resulting from loss of proprioception. Neuropathic osteoarthropathy refers to progressive degeneration of a Weight bearing Joint, a process marked by bony destruction Bone resorption, and Proprioception (ˌproʊpriːəˈsɛpʃən PRO -pree-o-SEP-shun from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own" and perception is the Sense He researched the functions of different parts of the brain and the role of arteries in cerebral hemorrhage. A cerebral hemorrhage (or intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) is a subtype of Intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the Brain tissue itself
He was also one of the first to describe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ( CMT) known also as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy ( HMSN) Hereditary Sensorimotor Neuropathy ( HSMN The announcement was made simultaneously with Pierre Marie of France (his resident) and Howard Henry Tooth of England. Pierre Marie (born September 9 1853 died April 13 1940 was a French neurologist who was a native of Paris. Howard Henry Tooth was one of the discoverers of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The disease is also sometimes called peroneal muscular atrophy.
In 1861 and 1862, Jean-Martin Charcot, with Alfred Vulpian, added more symptoms to James Parkinson's clinical description and then subsequently attached the name Parkinson's disease to the syndrome. Edmé Félix Alfred Vulpian ( January 5, 1826, Paris, France – May 18, 1887) was a French Physician and James Parkinson may also refer to James Parkinson (1730-1813, the museum proprietor and land agent Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's
But Charcot's most enduring work is that on hypnosis and hysteria. Hypnosis is often thought to be a wakeful state of focused attention and heightened suggestibility with diminished peripheral awareness Hysteria in its colloquial use describes a state of Mind, one of unmanageable Fear or Emotional excesses Charcot believed that hysteria was a neurological disorder caused by hereditary problems in the nervous system. He used hypnosis to induce a state of hysteria in patients and studied the results, and was single-handedly responsible for changing the French medical community's opinion about the validity of hypnosis (it was previously rejected as Mesmerism). The term's most common usage today refers to a person's sexual attractiveness or raw Charisma.
His works about hypnosis and his public demonstrations of "hypnotized" persons in an auditorium were sharply criticized by Hippolyte Bernheim, a leading neurologist of the time, and by Charcot's former scientific assistant Axel Munthe in his famous memoirs The Story of San Michele. Hippolyte Bernheim (1840-1919 was a French physician and neurologist born at Mülhausen, Alsace. Axel Martin Fredrik Munthe ( October 31, 1857, Oskarshamn, Sweden - February 11, 1949, Stockholm) was a The Story of San Michele is a book of memoirs by Swedish physician Axel Munthe ( October 31, 1857 - February 11, 1949
Eponyms for Charcot
- Charcot's artery (lenticulostriate artery)
- Charcot's joint (diabetic arthropathy)
- Charcot's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (peroneal muscular atrophy)
- Charcot Wilbrand syndrome (visual agnosia & loss of ability to revisualise images)
- Charcot's intermittent hepatic fever (intermittent pain, intermittent fever, intermittent jaundice & loss of weight)
- Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms (tiny aneurysms of the penetrating branches of middle cerebral artery in hypertensives)
Students
Charcot is just as famous for his students: Sigmund Freud, Joseph Babinski, Pierre Janet, William James, Albert Londe, Georges Gilles de la Tourette, Axel Munthe and Alfred Binet. One artery of the Anterolateral central arteries group is of larger size than the rest and is of special importance as being the artery in the brain most frequently ruptured it has been An arthropathy is a Disease of a Joint. Although the terms "arthropathy" and Arthritis have very similar meanings the former is traditionally Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ( ALS, sometimes called Maladie de Charcot, or in the United States Lou Gehrig's Disease) is a progressive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ( CMT) known also as Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy ( HMSN) Hereditary Sensorimotor Neuropathy ( HSMN Atrophy is the partial or complete Wasting away of a part of the Body. Visual agnosia is the inability of the Brain to make sense of or make use of some part of otherwise normal visual stimulus and is typified by the inability to recognize familiar Charcot-Bouchard aneurysms are Aneurysms of the brain vasculature which occur in small blood vessels (less than 300 Micrometre diameter An aneurysm (or aneurism) is a localized blood-filled dilation (balloon-like bulge of a blood vessel caused by disease or weakening of the vessel wall Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski (born November 17, 1857, Paris; died October 29, 1932, Paris) was a French Pierre Marie Félix Janet ( May 30 1859 - February 24 1947) was a pioneering French Psychiatrist and Philosopher in the For other people named William James see William James (disambiguation William James (January 11 1842 – August 26 1910 was a pioneering Albert Londe (1858-1917 was an influential French Photographer, medical researcher and chronophotographer. Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette ( October 30 1857 in Saint-Gervais-les-Trois-Clochers near Poitou, France – Axel Martin Fredrik Munthe ( October 31, 1857, Oskarshamn, Sweden - February 11, 1949, Stockholm) was a Alfred Binet ( July 8, 1857 &ndash October 18, 1911) French Psychologist and Inventor of the first usable Charcot bestowed the eponym for Tourette syndrome in honor of his student, Georges Gilles de la Tourette. Tourette syndrome (also called Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or more commonly simply Tourette's
See also
- Charcot's triad
External links
- DesGroseillers, R. (1998-2006). Jean-Martin Charcot, in Sigmund Freud - Life and Work. The Romanian Association for Psychoanalysis Promotion (AROPA). Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- Jean-Martin Charcot, in A Science Odyssey: People and Discoveries. WGBH via Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) (1998). Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
- Conceived by Ildiko Lujza Nemeth and Jessica Sofia Mitrani. Some Historic/Some Hysteric. The New Stage Theatre Company. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
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