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Jay-Z

Background information
Birth name Shawn Corey Carter
Born December 4, 1969 (1969-12-04) (age 38)
Brooklyn, New York City
Genre(s) Hip hop
Occupation(s) Rapper, songwriter, record executive
Years active 1989–2003, 2006–present
Label(s) Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam/Universal
Associated acts Jaz-O, Memphis Bleek, Beanie Sigel, Beyoncé Knowles, Linkin Park, Kanye West, R. Kelly, Jim Jones, Freeway, The Notorious B.I.G., Nas, Foxy Brown
Website www.jay-z.com

Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), better known by his stage name Jay-Z, is an American rapper and former CEO of Def Jam Recordings[1] and Roc-A-Fella Records. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. The City of New York A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both The record industry is the part of the Music industry that sells Sound recordings of Music. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. For other record labels with the Island name see Island Records (disambiguation Universal Music Group (UMG is the largest Business group and family of Record labels in the Recording industry. The Jaz, now known as Jaz-O (real name Johnathan Burks is an East Coast MC, active in the late 1980s and early 1990s best known for being a Mentor of Malik Thuston Cox, better known by his rap persona of Memphis Bleek, is a New York Rapper currently signed to Roc-A-Fella Records. Dwight Grant (born on March 6, 1974) also known as Beanie Sigel, is an American Rapper from Philadelphia Pennsylvania Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) better known by his Stage name R Joseph Guillermo Jones II, better known by his Stage name Jim Jones, is an original member of The Diplomats, also known as Dipset Lesley Pridgen, better known as Freeway is an American rapper signed to Jay-Z 's Roc-A-Fella imprint under Def Jam Recordings Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper Inga Fung Marchand (born September 6, 1979) better known as Foxy Brown, is an American rapper known for her solo work as well "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A stage name, also called a screen name, is a Pseudonym used by Performers and Entertainers such as The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Rapping (also known as emceeing, MCing, spitting, or just rhyming) is the Rhythmic spoken delivery of Rhymes wordplay and A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. In addition, he co-owns The 40/40 Club and the New Jersey Nets NBA team. The 40/40 Club is a chain of All-American Sports bars and lounges owned by Hip-hop mogul Jay-Z and partners Desiree Gonzalez and Juan Perez The New Jersey Nets are a professional Basketball team in the National Basketball Association that plays in the Eastern Conference 's Atlantic He is one of the most financially successful hip-hop artists and entrepreneurs in America. [2] Jay-Z is one of the most successful examples of the growing power of hip-hop. He has sold over 26 million units in the USA[3] and 50 million copies worldwide. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [4] His critically acclaimed album The Blueprint was written in only two days. The Blueprint is the sixth Studio album by Rapper Jay-Z. It was released on September 11 2001 (a week earlier than planned [5] After announcing his retirement from recording music in 2003, he returned in late 2006 with the album Kingdom Come which sold 680,000 copies in its first week, Jay-Z's highest-selling album in a one-week period. Kingdom Come is the Grammy-nominated ninth studio album from American rap artist Jay-Z released on November 21, 2006. [6] The New York Times announced that Jay-Z is on the verge of a partnership with Live Nation for $150 million — among the most expensive contracts ever awarded to a musician. Live Nation Inc is a live Events company based in Beverly Hills California. [7] As of 2007, Jay-Z is worth an estimated US$940 million, regaining his position as the richest hip hop artist in the world, which was held in 2006 by Sean "Diddy" Combs. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. Sean John Combs (born November 4 1969 known by his Stage names Puff Daddy, P [8].

Contents

Biography

Early years

Originally from Marcy Houses housing project in the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City,[9] Jay-Z was abandoned by his father Adnes Reeves when he was twelve years old. The Marcy Houses is a low income public housing project in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn in New York City. Bedford-Stuyvesant (pron \ˈstī-və-sənt\ (also known as Bed-Stuy) is a neighborhood in the central portion of the New York City, USA, borough Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. The City of New York [10] Jay-Z attended Eli Whitney High School in Brooklyn, along with rapper AZ, until it was closed down. Anthony Cruz (born March 9, 1972 in East New York Brooklyn, New York) better known as AZ, is an American Rapper currently After that he attended George Westinghouse Information Technology High School in Downtown Brooklyn, with fellow rappers The Notorious B.I.G. and Busta Rhymes, and Trenton Central High School in Trenton, New Jersey, but did not graduate. Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower by DSJPG|thumb|The Williamsburgh Savings Bank Tower is a prominent symbol of Downtown Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again Trevor George Smith Jr, (born May 20 1972 better known as Busta Rhymes, is an American actor and Musician of Jamaican descent Trenton Central High School is a four-year comprehensive Public high school that serves students in ninth through twelfth grades from Trenton, in Mercer County Trenton is the Capital of the US state of New Jersey and the County seat of Mercer County. [11] He claims to have been caught up in selling drugs, to which he refers in his music. [10]

According to his mother Gladys Carter, a young Jay-Z used to wake his siblings up at night banging out drum patterns on the kitchen table. Eventually, she bought him a boom box for his birthday and thus sparked his interest in music. BoomBox is an American Rock band, which was founded in 2004 by singer/songwriter Zion Godchaux on the Guitar / Lead vocals and producer/DJ He began freestyling, writing rhymes, and followed the music of many artists popular at the time. Freestyle rap is an Improvisational form of Rapping, performed with few or no previously composed Lyrics, which is said to reflect a direct mapping of the It is stated that he beat Busta Rhymes in a rap battle, but also has lost to DMX. Trevor George Smith Jr, (born May 20 1972 better known as Busta Rhymes, is an American actor and Musician of Jamaican descent Freestyle rap is an Improvisational form of Rapping, performed with few or no previously composed Lyrics, which is said to reflect a direct mapping of the Earl Simmons (born December 18, 1970) better known by his Stage name DMX, is an American rapper and actor who rose to fame in the On top of that, Bone Thugs-N-Harmony member Bizzy Bone was snatched by his employer and taken to New York to battle Jay, Bizzy reportedly was victorious in the battle. Bone Thugs-N-Harmony is an American Hip hop group from the Glenville section of Cleveland Ohio. Bryon Anthony McCane II, better known by his Stage name Bizzy Bone, is an American Rapper and is a member of the Cleveland rap

In his neighborhood, Carter was known as "Jazzy", a nickname that eventually developed into his stage name, "Jay-Z". The moniker is also a homage to his musical mentor Jaz-O (a. The Jaz, now known as Jaz-O (real name Johnathan Burks is an East Coast MC, active in the late 1980s and early 1990s best known for being a Mentor of k. a. Jaz, Big Jaz) as well as to the J/Z subway lines that have a stop at Marcy Avenue in Brooklyn. The J Nassau Street Express and Z Nassau Street Express (earlier Jamaica Express) are two Rapid transit services of the B Division of the Marcy Avenue is a station on the BMT Jamaica Line of the New York City Subway. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. [9]

Jay-Z can be heard on several of Jaz-O's early recordings in the late 1980s and early 1990s, including "The Originators" and "Hawaiian Sophie". He also collaborated with Inglewood, California producer Three-1-Zero. Inglewood is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County California, southwest of downtown Los Angeles. His career had a jump start when he battled a rapper by the name of Zai. The battle caught the eye of many record labels, as Jay-Z was able to hold his own against Zai. He also made an appearance on a popular song by Big L, "Da Graveyard", and on Mic Geronimo's "Time to Build", which also featured early appearances by DMX Q-Man and Ja Rule and Shazim Hasan in 1995. Lamont Coleman ( May 30, 1974 - February 15, 1999) also known by his Stage name Big L, was an American Mic Geronimo (born Michael McDermon on September 14, 1973 in Flushing Queens) is a Rapper of African American descent Earl Simmons (born December 18, 1970) better known by his Stage name DMX, is an American rapper and actor who rose to fame in the Jeffrey Atkins (born February 29 1976 Music career Atkins began his rap career in 1994 with the group Cash Money Click His first official rap single was called "I Can't Get With That" which he also released a music video for.

Music career

Reasonable Doubt (1996)

Main article: Reasonable Doubt

From the beginning of his professional recording career, when no major label gave him a record deal, Jay-Z created Roc-A-Fella Records as his own independent label. Reasonable Doubt is the debut album of East Coast Rapper Jay-Z, released June 25 1996 on Roc-A-Fella Records in the United States Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. After striking a deal with Priority to distribute his material, Jay-Z released his 1996 debut album Reasonable Doubt with beats from acclaimed producers such as DJ Premier and Clark Kent and a notable appearance by The Notorious B.I.G. Despite reaching only #23 on the Billboard 200, the album was a critical success. Priority Records is an American based Record label, owned and operated by EMI, and has made a name for itself dealing primarily in Hip hop music Reasonable Doubt is the debut album of East Coast Rapper Jay-Z, released June 25 1996 on Roc-A-Fella Records in the United States Christopher Edward Martin (born March 21, 1966) better known as DJ Premier is an American Record producer and DJ, and Super DJ Clark Kent (born Rodolfo Franklin) is a hip hop DJ, Record producer and music executive of Panamanian descent. Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard [9]

In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 (1997)

Main article: In My Lifetime, Vol. 1

After reaching a new distribution deal with Def Jam in 1997, Jay-Z released his follow-up In My Lifetime, Vol. 1. In My Lifetime Vol 1 is rapper Jay-Z 's sophomore album released on November 4 1997. Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island In My Lifetime Vol 1 is rapper Jay-Z 's sophomore album released on November 4 1997. Executive produced by Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs, it sold better than his previous effort. Sean John Combs (born November 4 1969 known by his Stage names Puff Daddy, P Jay-Z later explained that the album was made during one of the worst periods of his life. He was reeling from the death of his close friend The Notorious B.I.G. The album was a personal revelation for Jay-Z as he spun the tale of his hard knock upbringing. Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again [12] The album's glossy production stood as a contrast to his first release, and some dedicated fans felt he had "sold out". However, the album did feature some beats from producers who had worked with him on Reasonable Doubt, namely DJ Premier and Ski. David Willis, known by most as Ski and Ski Beatz, is an African-American Record producer mainly working in hip hop Jay-Z mentioned on the YES Network's CenterStage show that if he could do one thing in his career over, it would be Vol. The Yankees Entertainment and Sports (YES Network is a New York City regional Cable TV channel dedicated to broadcasting Baseball games of the CenterStage is a show on the YES Network, which talks with figures from the world of sports and entertainment in front of a studio auddience 1, claiming that "it [the cd] was this close to being a classic, but I put like, a few songs on there that ruined it. " Two examples of what he was referring to are "I Know What Girls Like" and "(Always Be My) Sunshine". They both were produced by Bad Boy beatmakers and criticized as a commercialization of his sound. Bad Boy Records (originally Bad Boy Entertainment) is an East Coast Hip-Hop / R&B Record label founded by producer/rapper Sean In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Like its predecessor, In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 also earned Platinum status in the United States. In My Lifetime Vol 1 is rapper Jay-Z 's sophomore album released on November 4 1997.

Vol. 2. . . Hard Knock Life (1998)

Main article: Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life

1998's Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life spawned the biggest hit of his career at the time, "Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)". Vol 2 Hard Knock Life is the third album released by rapper Jay-Z. Vol 2 Hard Knock Life is the third album released by rapper Jay-Z. " Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem " is a single from rapper Jay-Z 's third album Vol He also relied more on flow and brilliant wordplay, and he continued his penchant for mining beats from the popular producers of the day such as Swizz Beatz, an upstart in-house producer for Ruff Ryders, and Timbaland. Kasseem Mike Dean (born September 13 1978 better known by his stage name Swizz Beatz, is an American Record producer and Rapper. Ruff Ryders Entertainment is a New York -based Record label and Management company specializing in Hip hop music. Timothy Z Mosley (born March 10, 1971) better known by his Stage name Timbaland, is an American Record producer, Other producers tapped for beats include: DJ Premier, Erick Sermon, The 45 King, and Kid Capri. Christopher Edward Martin (born March 21, 1966) better known as DJ Premier is an American Record producer and DJ, and Erick Sermon, also known as Erick Onassis, (born November 25, 1968 in Bay Shore New York) is an American Rapper, Musician DJ Mark the 45 King (born Mark James) also known as the 45 King, started DJing in New Jersey in the mid-1980s Kid Capri (born January 1, 1970) is an Afro-Italian American Musician. Charting hits from this album included "Can I Get A. . . " featuring Ja Rule and Amil and "Nigga What, Nigga Who" which featured Amil too. Jeffrey Atkins (born February 29 1976 Music career Atkins began his rap career in 1994 with the group Cash Money Click Amil Whitehead more commonly known by her Stage name Amil, is a American female rapper from New York City. " Nigga What Nigga Who (Originator 99 " is the final single from rapper Jay-Z 's third album Vol Amil Whitehead more commonly known by her Stage name Amil, is a American female rapper from New York City. Vol. 2 would eventually become Jay-Z's most commercially successful album; it was certified 5x platinum in the United States and has to date sold over 8 million worldwide. The album went on to win a Grammy Award, although Jay-Z boycotted the ceremony protesting DMX's failure to garner a Grammy nomination.

Vol. 3. . . Life and Times of S. Carter (1999)

Main article: Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter

In 1999, Jay-Z released Vol. 3... Life and Times of S. Carter. Vol 3 Life and Times of S Carter is the 1999 release by East Coast hip hop artist Jay-Z. Vol 3 Life and Times of S Carter is the 1999 release by East Coast hip hop artist Jay-Z. Despite continued criticism for his increasingly pop-oriented sound,[13] the album proved to be successful and went platinum three times and sold over 5. 6 million records worldwide. Through his lyricism, he was able to retain respect from some of his die-hard fans. Vol. 3 is remembered for its smash hit, "Big Pimpin'" (feat. Big Pimpin' may also refer to rapper Big Pimpin' Delemond " Big Pimpin' " is the last single from rapper Jay-Z UGK). UGK (short for Underground Kingz) a hip-hop act from Port Arthur Texas was formed in 1987 by the late Chad " Pimp C " Butler By this time, Jay-Z was seen as a hip-hop figurehead both by hardcore fans and by the hip-hop industry due to his lyrics and his high album sales.

The Dynasty: Roc La Familia (2000)

Main article: The Dynasty: Roc La Familia

The subject of much criticism, praise, popularity, condemnation, and discussion, Jay-Z decided to begin developing other artists. The Dynasty Roc La Familia is the 5th studio album released by East Coast hip hop artist Jay-Z. Around 2000, he and Damon Dash signed various artists (including "Dynasty" members Amil, Beanie Sigel and Memphis Bleek) and began introducing them to the public. Amil Whitehead more commonly known by her Stage name Amil, is a American female rapper from New York City. Dwight Grant (born on March 6, 1974) also known as Beanie Sigel, is an American Rapper from Philadelphia Pennsylvania Malik Thuston Cox, better known by his rap persona of Memphis Bleek, is a New York Rapper currently signed to Roc-A-Fella Records. He next appeared on The Dynasty: Roc La Familia, which was intended as a compilation album to introduce these new artists, though the album had Jay-Z's name on it to strengthen market recognition and by extension, sales. The Dynasty Roc La Familia is the 5th studio album released by East Coast hip hop artist Jay-Z. This strategy worked to an extent - The Dynasty: Roc La Familia sold over 2 million units in the U. The Dynasty Roc La Familia is the 5th studio album released by East Coast hip hop artist Jay-Z. S. alone.

The Blueprint (2001)

Main article: The Blueprint

2001's The Blueprint is considered by many to be one of hip hop's "classic" albums, receiving the coveted "5 mic" review from The Source magazine. The Blueprint is the sixth Studio album by Rapper Jay-Z. It was released on September 11 2001 (a week earlier than planned The Blueprint is the sixth Studio album by Rapper Jay-Z. It was released on September 11 2001 (a week earlier than planned The Source is a United States -based monthly full-color Magazine covering Hip-hop music, Politics, and culture, founded in Released on September 11, 2001, the album managed to debut at #1, selling more than 450,000 albums in its first week. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The success of the album was overshadowed by the terrorist attacks that same day. The Blueprint was applauded for its production and the balance of "mainstream" and "hardcore" rap, receiving recognition from both audiences. Eminem was the only guest artist on the album, producing and rapping on the single "Renegade". Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17 1972 known as Slim Shady and his primary Stage name Eminem, is an Academy Award -winning Four of the thirteen tracks on the album were produced by Kanye West and represents one of West's first major breaks in the industry. Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. The Blueprint also includes the popular "Izzo (H. O. V. A. )" and "Takeover", a song that takes on rivals Prodigy of Mobb Deep and Nas. Albert Johnson, better known as Prodigy, is an American Rapper and one-half of the hip-hop duo Mobb Deep with Havoc. Mobb Deep is a hip hop duo that consists of Havoc and Prodigy. Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper The Blueprint has obtained a 2x Platinum status in the U. The Blueprint is the sixth Studio album by Rapper Jay-Z. It was released on September 11 2001 (a week earlier than planned S. This album was the first since his breakthrough album Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life not to feature Amil, who was dropped in late 2000 because of a feud between Jay-Z/Roc-A-Fella and herself, caused by her meager album sales and her weight gain. Vol 2 Hard Knock Life is the third album released by rapper Jay-Z. Amil Whitehead more commonly known by her Stage name Amil, is a American female rapper from New York City. Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. A M I L is Amil 's first album Lyrically Amil impressed many of her fans with the song "Smile 4 Me" where she turns her personal struggles into a heartfelt rhyme

The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse (2002)

Main article: The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse

Jay-Z's next solo album was 2002's 4 million (U. The Blueprint² The Gift & The Curse is Rapper Jay-Z 's seventh studio album released in 2002 S. only) selling The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse, a double-album. The Blueprint² The Gift & The Curse is Rapper Jay-Z 's seventh studio album released in 2002 It was later reissued in a single-disc version, The Blueprint 2.1, which retained half of the tracks from the original and went on to sell a further 800,000 copies. The Blueprint 21 is a Compilation album, by Rapper Jay-Z, created from a re-cut version of The Blueprint² The Gift & the Curse The album spawned two massive hit singles, "Excuse Me Miss" and "'03 Bonnie and Clyde" featuring Jay-Z's girlfriend of four years Beyoncé Knowles. For the song by Chris Brown see " Yo (Excuse Me Miss " " Excuse Me Miss " is a 2003 hit single for rapper "' 03 Bonnie & Clyde " is a song by rapper Jay-Z featuring R&B singer Beyoncé. Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn "Guns & Roses", a track featuring Lenny Kravitz, and "Hovi Baby" were two successful radio singles as well. " Hovi Baby " is a song by Jay-Z from his album The Blueprint² The Gift & the Curse, released in 2002 The album also features the tracks "A Dream", featuring Faith Evans and a recording of the late The Notorious B.I.G.; and "The Bounce", featuring Kanye West (who, at that time, was not yet an artist). Faith Renée Evans (pronounced /feɪθ ɛvəns/) (born June 10, 1973) is an American Singer, Songwriter, Record producer Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. The Blueprint 2.1 features tracks that do not appear on The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse, such as "Stop", "La La La (Excuse Me Again)", "What They Gonna Do, Part II" and "Beware" produced by and featuring Panjabi MC. The Blueprint 21 is a Compilation album, by Rapper Jay-Z, created from a re-cut version of The Blueprint² The Gift & the Curse The Blueprint² The Gift & The Curse is Rapper Jay-Z 's seventh studio album released in 2002 Panjabi MC (real name Rajinder Singh Rai) is a British Indian Musician.

Rivalry with Nas

Main article: Nas vs. Jay-Z

Tension between the two supposedly dates as far back as 1996, when Nas refused to make a guest appearance on Jay-Z's debut album Reasonable Doubt. The feud between hip hop artists Nas and Jay-Z received public attention beginning in 2001 and ended in 2005. Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper Reasonable Doubt is the debut album of East Coast Rapper Jay-Z, released June 25 1996 on Roc-A-Fella Records in the United States However, the relationship between the two rappers remained peaceful (Jay-Z even giving a shoutout to Nas in his album liner notes),[14] and the tension did not escalate to full-blown rivalry until after the death of the Notorious B.I.G. The position of favorite rapper in New York seemed vacant after the death of Biggie, and fans were eager to see who would take over. A shout-out is a greeting or acknowledgment of a person group or organization of significance For a bibliographic format for citing liner notes see WikipediaCiting sources/example style Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again

The dispute involved many of the rappers, especially associates at Roc-a-Fella Records, who declared an all-out war against Nas. Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper However, the feud died down somewhat toward the end of 2002. It is believed by most that Nas won this battle, though it is still a subject of intense debate. New York radio station Hot 97 tried to settle the matter by taking votes, matching "Ether"/"Stillmatic" against "Takeover"/"Supa Ugly". Nas won with 58% while Jay-Z got 42% of the votes. Nas and Jay-Z have paid tribute to each other in interviews, likening the battle to a world title boxing match that pitched the best against the best, and pleased with the entertainment it provided fans. Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, After Jay-Z signed Nas to Def Jam (of which Jay-Z was president and CEO), he also featured on Nas's first Def Jam album - "Hip Hop Is Dead" where he does a song with Nas called "Black Republican. Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island " The rivalry also impacted their careers critically and commercially. The battle was significant in that it revived the trend of using 'beefs' as a source for publicity and promotion for hip hop artists, originally unpopular following the tragic deaths of Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G., now prevalent within the hip hop community. Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16 1971 &mdash September 13 1996 also known by his Stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again

The Black Album (2003)

Main article: The Black Album (Jay-Z album)

Jay-Z toured with 50 Cent, Busta Rhymes and Sean Paul while finishing work on what was announced as his final album, The Black Album. The Black Album is a 2003 Hip hop album by rapper Jay-Z. It was promoted as his final studio album although Jay-Z subsequently announced a return Trevor George Smith Jr, (born May 20 1972 better known as Busta Rhymes, is an American actor and Musician of Jamaican descent Sean Paul Henriques (born January 8 1973) in Upper Saint Andrew Parish, a few miles north of his birthplace The Black Album is a 2003 Hip hop album by rapper Jay-Z. It was promoted as his final studio album although Jay-Z subsequently announced a return He worked with several producers including Just Blaze, The Neptunes, Kanye West, Timbaland, Eminem, DJ Quik, 9th Wonder and Rick Rubin. Justin Smith (born in Paterson New Jersey on January 14, 1978) better known as Just Blaze, is an American Hip hop music The Neptunes (or "Neptoons" is the name for the record production duo consisting of Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Timothy Z Mosley (born March 10, 1971) better known by his Stage name Timbaland, is an American Record producer, Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17 1972 known as Slim Shady and his primary Stage name Eminem, is an Academy Award -winning David Martin Blake (born January 18, 1970 in Compton, California) better known by his Stage name DJ Quik, is a Rapper Patrick Douthit (born January 15, 1975 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina) better known as 9th Wonder is a Hip hop Frederick Jay "Rick" Rubin (born March 10 1963 in Lido Beach New York) is an American Record producer and is currently Notable songs on the album included "What More Can I Say", "Dirt Off Your Shoulder", "Change Clothes", and "99 Problems". " Dirt off Your Shoulder " is the second single released from Jay-Z 's 2003 album The Black Album. " Change Clothes " is the first official single from rapper Jay-Z 's studio Album The Black Album. " 99 Problems " is the third single released by American rapper Jay-Z in 2003 from the The Black Album. The latter was a cross-over hit comparable to the Beastie Boys' "No Sleep Till Brooklyn" which some believe pays homage to the now-rare old-school rap style. "No Sleep till Brooklyn" is a song by the Beastie Boys on the album Licensed to Ill. A few of the songs done on this album portray a more personal side of Jay-Z; for example, "Moment of Clarity" sheds light on his feelings towards his estranged father and coping with his death. It also deals with accusations that he sold out to reach a wider audience. "What More Can I Say" addresses the "biting" accusations leveled against him by Nas in "Ether" and other detractors, as Jay-Z raps, "I'm not a biter I'm a writer for myself and others/I say a Big verse I'm only biggin' up my brother. " Ether " also known as " Ether (Fuck Jay-Z "is the 2nd track on hip hop artist Nas ' 2001 album Stillmatic Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again " During that same year, Jay-Z supplied new rhymes on a remix of Punjabi MC's "Mundian To Bach Ke", a desi rap jam with a Bhangra flavor that Jay became enamored of after hearing it at a nightclub in Hong Kong. Panjabi MC (real name Rajinder Singh Rai) is a British Indian Musician. " Mundian To Bach Ke " (ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਬੱਚ ਕੇ muṇḍiāṁ tōṁ bac kē) also titled " Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Desi (or Deshi; ˈd̪eːsi or, Hindi: देसी Urdu: دیسی Punjabi: ਦੇਸੀ دیسی is a word originally from Sanskrit Bhangra (ਭੰਗੜਾ pa-PK بھنگڑا pə̀ŋgɽäː is a lively form of music and dance that originated in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Re-released as "Beware of the Boys", the East-West hip-hop fusion track charted in North America. " Mundian To Bach Ke " (ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਬੱਚ ਕੇ muṇḍiāṁ tōṁ bac kē) also titled " Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach The Black Album has sold 3 million copies in the US. The Black Album is a 2003 Hip hop album by rapper Jay-Z. It was promoted as his final studio album although Jay-Z subsequently announced a return

In 2004, there was a runaway hit remix project by Danger Mouse called The Grey Album in which Jay-Z's Black Album vocals were blended with instrumentals sampled exclusively from The Beatles' White Album (which subsequently embroiled the DJ in a lawsuit that was later dropped with EMI, the owners of the Beatles' work). A remix is an alternative version of a song different from the original version Brian Joseph Burton, better known by his Stage name Danger Mouse, is an American artist and producer. The Grey Album is an album by Danger Mouse, released in 2004. The Black Album is a 2003 Hip hop album by rapper Jay-Z. It was promoted as his final studio album although Jay-Z subsequently announced a return The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 This was made possible by an a cappella version of the "Black Album" that Jay-Z released with the specific intent for others to mix. A cappella (Italian or Latin "From the chapel/choir" Music is Vocal music or Singing without instrumental Accompaniment The success of The Grey Album led to a rainbow of Black Album remix projects including The Red Album, The Blue Album and so forth.

Collision Course (2004)

Main article: Collision Course (album)

Also in 2004, Jay-Z collaborated with rock group Linkin Park. Collision Course is a CD / DVD set released on November 30, 2004 by Jay-Z & Linkin Park. Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. The project was named Collision Course, and contained a six track EP, as well as a making of DVD. Collision Course is a CD / DVD set released on November 30, 2004 by Jay-Z & Linkin Park. Some of the mash ups tracks were entitled "Dirt Off Your Shoulder/Lying From You", "Jigga What/Faint", and "Numb/Encore". "Numb/Encore" went on to win a Grammy for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration, and was also performed with Linkin Park live at the Grammys, with a special appearance by Paul McCartney, who added verses from his song Yesterday. " Numb/Encore " is a song by the Nu metal band Linkin Park and rapper Jay-Z from their 2004 mash-up album Collision Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE (born 18 June 1942 is an English rock Singer, Bass guitarist songwriter Composer, The EP sold over two million copies in the US alone.

Retirement

On November 25, 2003, Jay-Z held a concert at Madison Square Garden, which would later be the focus of his film Fade to Black. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, and known colloquially as The Garden, has been the name of four Arenas in New York City. Fade to Black is a 2004 documentary about the career of US rapper Jay-Z. This concert was his "retirement party". All proceeds went to charity. The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates Other performers included collaborators like The Roots (in the form of his backing band), Missy Elliott, Memphis Bleek, Beanie Siegel, Freeway, Mary J. Blige, Beyoncé, Twista, Ghostface Killah, Foxy Brown, Pharrell and R. Kelly with special appearances by Voletta Wallace and Afeni Shakur; the mothers of The Notorious B.I.G. and Tupac Shakur respectively. The Roots are an American hip-hop band from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Melissa Arnette "Missy" Elliott (born July 1 1971 is a five-time Grammy Award -winning American rapper, singer, Songwriter, and Malik Thuston Cox, better known by his rap persona of Memphis Bleek, is a New York Rapper currently signed to Roc-A-Fella Records. Dwight Grant (born on March 6, 1974) also known as Beanie Sigel, is an American Rapper from Philadelphia Pennsylvania Mary Jane Blige (surname pronounced /blaɪʒ/) (born January 11, 1971) is an American Singer-songwriter, Rapper Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn Carl Terrell Mitchell, (born Novermber 27 1973 better known by his Stage name Twista, is an American hip-hop emcee who once held the title of fastest emcee in the Dennis Coles, better known by his Stage name Ghostface Killah, is an American rapper and member of the Wu-Tang Clan. Inga Fung Marchand (born September 6, 1979) better known as Foxy Brown, is an American rapper known for her solo work as well Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) better known by his Stage name R Voletta Wallace ( February 3, 1953) is the mother of the late Rapper and cultural icon The Notorious B Afeni Shakur (born January 22, 1947) is the mother of late American rapper and icon Tupac Shakur, and was a member of the Black Panther Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21 1972 – March 9 1997 popularly known as Biggie Smalls (after a Gangster in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16 1971 &mdash September 13 1996 also known by his Stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper

While Jay-Z had attested to a retirement from making new studio albums, various side projects and appearances soon followed. Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely Included in these were a greatest hits record, mash-up projects and concert appearances with R. Kelly, Linkin Park and Phish. Robert Sylvester Kelly (born January 8, 1967) better known by his Stage name R Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Phish is an American Jam band noted for their Musical improvisation, extended Jam sessions and cult following

Jay-Z was the executive producer of Fort Minor's debut album The Rising Tied. Fort Minor is a Hip hop music side project of Mike Shinoda, vocalist of the rock band Linkin Park. The Rising Tied is the debut album of hip hop ensemble Fort Minor, the Side project by Linkin Park Mike Shinoda got together with Jay-Z himself, as well as his Linkin Park bandmate Brad Delson, and they went over what tracks they thought should make the album. Michael Kenji Shinoda (born February 11 1977 is an American Musician, record producer and Artist from Agoura Hills California. Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Bradford Phillip Delson (born December 1, 1977) grew up in the Los Angeles suburb of Agoura Hills.

"I Declare War" concert

Having been such a visible artist in the late 1990s through the early 2000s, Jay-Z has been the subject of more rap-related controversy than most artists in mainstream hip-hop. Some of these have been resolved, some are ongoing, and some have simply dissipated.

On October 27, 2005, Jay- Z headlined New York's Power 105. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 1 annual concert, Powerhouse. The concert was entitled the "I Declare War" Concert leading to intense speculation in the weeks preceding the event to whom exactly Jay-Z would declare war on. As he had previously "declared war" on other artists taking lyrical shots at him at other events, many believed that the Powerhouse show would represent an all-out assault by Jay-Z upon his rivals. However, an anticipated response to subliminal shots taken by The Game and Cam'ron never materialized. Jayceon Terrell Taylor (born November 29 1979 better known by his Stage name The Game, is an American Rapper. Cameron Giles (born February 4 1976) better known by his Stage name Cam'ron, is a Rapper, Songwriter, and Actor

The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as President and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an on-stage mock-up of the Oval Office. Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island | |-| |-| |- | |-| |-| |-| |-| |} The Oval Office is the official office of the President of the United States. Many artists made appearances such as the old roster of Roc-A-Fella records artists, as well as Ne-Yo, Teairra Mari, T.I., Young Jeezy, Akon, Kanye West, Paul Wall, The LOX, and Diddy. Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. Shaffer Chimere Smith (born October 18 1979 better known by his stage name Ne-Yo, is an American pop and R&B Singer-songwriter Teairra Marí (born Teairra Maria Thomas) is an American R&B / hip hop singer Clifford Joseph Harris Jr (born September 25 1980 better known by his Stage name T Jay Jenkins (born October 12 1977 better known by his Stage name Young Jeezy, is an American Rapper. Aliaune Thiam Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Paul Slayton, better known by his Stage name Paul Wall, was born March 11, 1981. The d-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those Periodic table groups that contain elements in which in the atomic ground state the highest-energy Sean John Combs (born November 4 1969 known by his Stage names Puff Daddy, P

At the conclusion of the concert, Jay-Z put many arguments to rest to the surprise of hip-hop fans. Instead of declaring war, he declared that he was the "United Nations of this rap shit". The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The most significant development in this show was closure to the infamous hip hop rivalry between Jay-Z and Nas. Nasir Jones, nɑːˈsiər (born September 14 1973 better known by his Stage name Nas, nɑːz formerly Nasty Nas, is an American rapper The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's "Dead Presidents" blended with Nas's song "The World is Yours" from which "Dead Presidents" had sampled the vocals on the chorus. Nas's verses were rapped over the "Dead Presidents" beat in the vein of a mix song done by DJ Statik Selektah. Nas also performed songs of his own later in the show.

Disagreements between other artists were also brought to a close (or put on hold) at the Powerhouse show. The event brought together for the first time in years, Diddy and The LOX, both having had a long-standing animosity due to a contract agreement and the latter's departure from Bad Boy Entertainment. Bad Boy Records (originally Bad Boy Entertainment) is an East Coast Hip-Hop / R&B Record label founded by producer/rapper Sean Shortly after the concert, the altercation was fully rectified.

The event also saw the return of Beanie Sigel from incarceration. Dwight Grant (born on March 6, 1974) also known as Beanie Sigel, is an American Rapper from Philadelphia Pennsylvania There had been some speculation that Beanie Sigel was going to depart from Roc-A-Fella Records, but this concert proved otherwise. Beanie and The LOX's Jadakiss also officially ended their own argument when they, Jay-Z, the rest of the LOX and Sauce Money (who had been thought to have some animosity towards Jay-Z, but this was also untrue) all performed the song "Reservoir Dogs". Jayson Tyrone Phillips (born May 27 1975) also known by his Stage name Jadakiss, is an American rapper. Sauce Money (born Todd Gaither) is a rapper from the Marcy Projects of Brooklyn NY notorious mostly for his association with Def Jam honcho and 11-year

Kingdom Come (2006)

Main article: Kingdom Come (album)

Jay-Z returned with his comeback album on November 21, 2006 titled Kingdom Come. Kingdom Come is the Grammy-nominated ninth studio album from American rap artist Jay-Z released on November 21, 2006. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Kingdom Come is the Grammy-nominated ninth studio album from American rap artist Jay-Z released on November 21, 2006. [15] Jay-Z's comeback single, "Show Me What You Got", was leaked on the Internet in early October 2006, scheduled to be released later on that month, received heavy air-play after its leak, causing the FBI to step in and investigate. "Show Me What You Got" is a single by rap artist and Def Jam president Jay-Z. [16] Jay-Z worked with video director Hype Williams, and the single's video was directed by F. Gary Gray (Friday, The Italian Job). Harold "Hype" Williams (born 1970 in Queens New York) is an American music video and Film director of African-American Felix Gary Gray (born July 17, 1969 in New York New York) is an American Music video and Film director. Friday is a 1995 dramedy Buddy film directed by F Gary Gray. Starring Ice Cube, Chris Tucker, Nia Long The Italian Job is a 2003 American Heist film directed by F Gary Gray. The album features producers such as Just Blaze, Pharrell Williams, Kanye West, Dr. Dre and Coldplay's Chris Martin (single entitled "Beach Chair"). Justin Smith (born in Paterson New Jersey on January 14, 1978) better known as Just Blaze, is an American Hip hop music Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. Andre Romelle Young (born February 18 1965 primarily known by his stage name Dr Coldplay TalkColdplay#Is_or_Are_dispute_again Christopher Anthony John Martin (born 2 March 1977 is the English lead Singer-songwriter, Pianist, and occasional rhythm Guitarist of the " Beach Chair " is a song from rapper Jay-Z 's comeback album Kingdom Come. [17][18] This album has already sold 2 million copies in the U. S. alone. Jay-Z made a guest appearance on the Fall Out Boy album Infinity On High. Fall Out Boy is an American Pop punk band from Wilmette, Illinois (a suburb of Chicago) that formed in 2001 Infinity on High is Fall Out Boy 's fourth Studio album. It is the follow up to their 2005 album From Under the Cork Tree In June 2007, Jay-Z got number one song on the Billboard Hot 100, Umbrella with Rihanna becoming his first number one since Crazy in Love with Beyoncé. " Umbrella " is a song by singer Rihanna. It was written by Terius "The Dream" Nash, Christopher Stewart, Kuk Harrell Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn Umbrella was at #1 for 7 weeks on the Hot 100. Jay-Z appeared on rapper T.I.'s album T.I. vs. T.I.P. on the song "Watch What You Say to Me". Clifford Joseph Harris Jr (born September 25 1980 better known by his Stage name T TI vs TIP is the fifth studio album released by Atlanta rapper T

American Gangster (2007)

Main article: American Gangster (album)

Jay-Z released his tenth album entitled American Gangster on November 6, 2007. American Gangster is the tenth Studio album by American Hip hop Rapper Jay-Z. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. After viewing the film, he was heavily inspired to create a new "concept" album that depicts his experiences as a street-hustler. American Gangster is a 2007 Crime film directed by Ridley Scott and starring Denzel Washington and Russell Crowe [19] This album will not be the film's official soundtrack, even though it will be distributed by Def Jam. Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island [20] According to the XXL Magazine, which features Jay-Z on the cover, he gave further detail into "American Gangster. " Jay-Z's "American Gangster" depicts his life in correlation to the movie American Gangster. Jay-Z reports:

"When I saw the movie, the way Denzel portrayed the character, you know, we never seen a black guy ascend this high in a movie before, to being over the mob. So immediately that struck with me. Like, the success of it all. [. . . ] I took that emotion and pulled it into my song. So it's my own movie. I call it an indie film now – that's my new shit. It's the indie-film version of American Gangster. "

At the start of the album's first single, "Blue Magic," Jay-Z offers a dealer's manifesto while making references to political figures of the late 1980's with the lyric: "Blame Reagan for making me to into a monster, blame Oliver North and Iran-Contra, I ran contraband that they sponsored, before this rhymin' stuff we was in concert. Oliver Laurence North (born October 7 1943 in San Antonio Texas) is an American best known for his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal which was revealed in November 1986 as a result of earlier events during the Reagan administration. [21]" Also notable about the "Blue Magic" music video was Jay-Z flashing 500 euro notes, in what Harvard Business School professor Rawi Abdelal has called a "turning point in American pop culture's response to globalization". Harvard Business School ( HBS) is a renowned Business school in the United States Rawi E Abdelal is a Professor at Harvard Business School in the Business Government and International Economy Unit

It was controversially announced on February 2, 2008 that Jay-Z will headline Glastonbury Festival in 2008, becoming the first major hip-hop artist to headline the British festival. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common For the classical music and theatre festivals co-founded by Rutland Boughton between 1914 and 1926 see Glastonbury Festival (1914-1925 The [22][23] He is being blamed for the festival not having sold out yet. He will also headline Roskilde Festival in Denmark[24], Hove Festival in Norway on June 23[25] and O2 Wireless Festival in London on July 3, 2008. Roskilde Festival is held south of Roskilde in Denmark and is one of the four biggest annual rock music festivals in Europe (the other three being The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Hove Festival (Hovefestivalen is a Music festival held on the island Tromøy outside of Arendal in southern Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish The O2 Wireless Festival is a Music festival in England that takes place every year in Hyde Park, London, and took place London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [26]

Ventures

Apart from having been President and CEO of Def Jam Recordings, Jay-Z is also one of the owners and founders of the Roc-A-Fella empire, which includes Roc-A-Fella Records, Roc-La-Familia, Roc-A-Fella Films and Rocawear. Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. Roc-La-Familia Records was a sub-label of Def Jam / Roc-A-Fella started by former CEO Shawn Carter AKA Jay-Z. Rocawear is an urban clothing label created in 1995 by Jay-Z and Damon Dash.

Jay-Z has also established himself as an entrepreneur like his fellow hip-hop-moguls, and friends, Russell Simmons, Dr. Dre and Sean "Diddy" Combs, who also have business holdings such as record companies and clothing lines. Russell Simmons (born October 4, 1957 in Queens New York) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist Andre Romelle Young (born February 18 1965 primarily known by his stage name Dr Sean John Combs (born November 4 1969 known by his Stage names Puff Daddy, P He redirected the hip hop culture from hooded sweatshirts and baggy jeans to button-ups and crisp jeans, and received GQ's International Man of the Year award. GQ (originally Gentlemen's Quarterly) is a monthly men's Magazine focusing upon Fashion, style and culture for men through articles

Jay-Z announced on December 24, 2007 that he will not remain at Def Jam as the company's President, and vacated the position effective of January 1, 2008. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [27]

Roc-A-Fella Records

Jay-Z co-founded Roc-A-Fella Records with partners Damon Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke. Roc-A-Fella Records is a United States record label founded by Shawn "Jay-Z" Carter. Damon Dash (born May 3 1971 in Harlem New York) is an African-American label executive the former CEO and co-founder of Roc-A-Fella Def Jam purchased a 50% stake in the company in 1997 for a reported $1. 5 million. [28]

In late 2004, Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs sold their remaining interests in Roc-A-Fella Records and the Def Jam Recordings by Island Def Jam chairman L. A. Reid. Antonio "LA" Reid (born June 7 1956 in Cincinnati Ohio Reportedly this major industry move was prompted by disagreement between Jay-Z and Dash as to what new ventures Roc-A-Fella could undertake.

The publicized split between Jay-Z, Dash and Biggs led to the former partners sending jabs at each other in interviews. Dame Dash has made comments that after the break up he was portrayed as "Osama bin Laden" to ensure that rappers would stay with Jay-Z and not sign with him. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March [29] Dash currently operates the recently-founded Dame Dash Music Group as a joint venture with Island Def Jam producing some former Roc-A-Fella artists. Dame Dash Music Group is a Record label started by Damon Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke.

Rocawear

In 1999, Jay-Z co-founded the urban clothing brand Rocawear with Roc-A-Fella Records partners Damon Dash and Kareem "Biggs" Burke. Rocawear is an urban clothing label created in 1995 by Jay-Z and Damon Dash. Damon Dash (born May 3 1971 in Harlem New York) is an African-American label executive the former CEO and co-founder of Roc-A-Fella [30] Rocawear has clothing lines and accessories for men, women and children. The line was taken over by Jay-Z in early 2006 following a falling out with co-founder Damon Dash.

In March of 2007, Jay-Z sold the rights to the Rocawear brand to Iconix Brand Group, for $204 million. Iconix Brand Group is a brand management company that licenses brands to retailers and manufacturers primarily in the apparel footwear and apparel accessory industries Jay-Z will retain his stake in the company and will continue to oversee the marketing, licensing and product development. [30][31]

Entertainment and lifestyle

Jay-Z co-owns The 40/40 Club, an upscale sports bar that started in New York City and has since expanded to Atlantic City, NJ. The 40/40 Club is a chain of All-American Sports bars and lounges owned by Hip-hop mogul Jay-Z and partners Desiree Gonzalez and Juan Perez Future plans will see 40/40 Clubs in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, and Singapore. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally Singapore Roc-A-Fella also distributes Armadale, a Scottish vodka, in the U. Armadale is a Scottish Vodka marketed by Roc-a-Fella in the United States. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Vodka is one of the world's most popular Distilled beverages It is a clear liquid which consists of mostly Water and Ethanol purified by Distillation S.

On October 16, 2006, Jay-Z's new commercial spot with Anheuser-Busch aired, featuring his latest single "Show Me What You Got". Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc ( (ˈænhаɪzər bʊʃ is the largest Brewing company in the United States with a 48 Jay-Z will serve as co-brand director for Budweiser Select while collaborating with the company on strategic marketing programs and creative ad development. He will be providing direction on brand programs and ads that appear on TV, radio, print, and high-profile events. [32]

Jay-Z is a part-owner of the New Jersey Nets NBA team paying a reported $4. The New Jersey Nets are a professional Basketball team in the National Basketball Association that plays in the Eastern Conference 's Atlantic 5 million for his share. He is also interested in relocating the team to Brooklyn. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. In October 2005, he was reported in English media as considering buying a stake of Arsenal FC, an English football (soccer) team. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered [33] However, at this point, this is still speculation.

Jay-Z has invested in a real estate development venture called J Hotels which recently acquired a $66 million mid-block parcel in Chelsea, New York. Jay-Z and his partners are considering on constructing a high-end hotel or an art gallery building on the newly acquired site which has the potential to go up about 12 stories. [34]

Live Nation

According to The New York Times, Jay-Z is finalizing a deal with concert promoter Live Nation for $150 million, one of the richest contracts ever awarded to a musician. Live Nation Inc is a live Events company based in Beverly Hills California. This partnership, which will be named Roc Nation, will include financing for Jay-Z's own entertainment ventures (which are expected to become a record label, talent/management agency, and music publishing company). Live Nation is expected to contribute $5 million a year in overhead for five years, with another $25 million available to finance Jay-Z's acquisitions or investments. Roc Nation would then split profits with Live Nation. To finalize the deal, Jay-Z will depart from Def Jam Records after he turns in his last required album under his talent contract. Jay-Z is the first hip-hop artist to sign with Live Nation. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. [35]

Personal life

Criminal charges

In 1999, Jay-Z was accused of stabbing record executive Lance "Un" Rivera for what Jay-Z perceived was Rivera's bootlegging of Vol. 3. . . Life and Times of S. Carter. The stabbing allegedly occurred at the record release party for Q-Tip's debut solo album Amplified at the Kit Kat Klub, a now defunct night club in Times Square, New York City, on December 9. Q-Tip (born Jonathan Davis, April 10, 1970, in Harlem New York) is an American hip-hop emcee, Singer, Actor Amplified is the first solo Album by Q-Tip following the disbanding of A Tribe Called Quest. Times Square is a major intersection in Manhattan, New York City at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue and stretching from West The City of New York Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Jay-Z's associates at the party were accused of causing a commotion within the club, which Jay-Z allegedly used as cover when he supposedly stabbed Rivera in the stomach with a five-inch (127 mm) blade. [36]

Jay-Z initially denied the incident and pleaded not guilty when a grand jury returned the indictment. Jay-Z and his lawyers contended he was nowhere around Rivera during the incident and they had witnesses and videotape evidence from the club that showed Jay-Z's whereabouts during the disturbance. Nevertheless, he later pleaded guilty to a misdemeanor charge that resulted in a sentence of three years probation. Jay-Z makes reference to the trial and incident on his songs "Izzo (H. O. V. A. )", on The Blueprint, "Threat", on The Black Album, "I Did It My Way" on The Blueprint 2: The Curse, and "Dear Summer", which was included in Memphis Bleek's 2005 release 534. 534 is the fourth album by Rapper Memphis Bleek. Released by Roc-A-Fella Records on May 17, 2005. Nas references this on "Ether" with the lyrics: "your man stabbed 'Un' and made you take the blame. "

Romantic life

Jay-Z's most public relationship to date has been with Beyoncé Knowles, a former member of Destiny's Child and solo singer and actress. Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn Destiny's Child (sometimes referred to as DC or DC3) was an R&B and pop Girl group comprising lead singer Beyoncé Knowles In 1998, Jay-Z was featured on a song by producer Timbaland, titled "Lobster & Scrimp", which references Destiny's Child's first single "No, No, No". Timothy Z Mosley (born March 10, 1971) better known by his Stage name Timbaland, is an American Record producer, " No No No " is an R&B song performed by American group Destiny's Child for their debut studio album Destiny's Child (1998 His lyrics include "She said, 'You're stressin me now,'/Said, 'No No No,' then, 'Yea yea yea' like she Destiny's Child. " In 1999, Jay-Z directed rapper Amil's video for "I Got That", in which Beyoncé was featured. Amil Whitehead more commonly known by her Stage name Amil, is a American female rapper from New York City. In 2001, Jay-Z was featured on a song by Missy Elliott, titled "One Minute Man (Remix)", in which he raps "Get your 'Independent' ass out of here - QUESTION?", a reference to the Destiny's Child 2000 single "Independent Women Part I". Melissa Arnette "Missy" Elliott (born July 1 1971 is a five-time Grammy Award -winning American rapper, singer, Songwriter, and " One Minute Man " is a Hip hop single released in 2001 by American female rapper Missy Elliott, featuring fellow rappers Ludacris and Destiny's Child was also seen in his 2001 video "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)," lip-syncing some of his raps. " Izzo (HOVA " (often referred to as " H to the Izzo " was a single released from Jay-Z in 2001 from his sixth album The However, some fans mark their relationship as going public in their collaboration on "03 Bonnie & Clyde", the first single off his 2002 album The Blueprint 2 - The Gift and the Curse. His lyrics include "Let's lock this down like it's supposed to be/ The '03 Bonnie and Clyde, Hov and B. " Jay-Z returned the favor the next year on Beyoncé's hit single "Crazy in Love" and as well as "That's How You Like It" from her debut Dangerously in Love. On her second album, B-Day, he made appearances on the 2006 hits, "Deja Vu" and "Upgrade U". In the video for the latter song, she comically imitates his appearance.

The couple generally avoid discussing their relationship. Beyoncé has stated that she believes that not publicly discussing their relationship has helped them. Jay-Z said in a People article, "We don't play with our relationship. People (full name People Weekly) is a weekly American Magazine of Celebrity and human interest stories, published " They keep a low public profile despite being photographed at New Jersey Nets home games and while on vacation in Cannes in 2007. The New Jersey Nets are a professional Basketball team in the National Basketball Association that plays in the Eastern Conference 's Atlantic Cannes (kan in Occitan Canas) is a city in the Alpes-Maritimes department in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur The pair were listed as a Power Couple on Time Magazine's 100's Most Influential People of 2006. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and

On April 4, 2008, it was reported by People that Knowles and Jay-Z had been married at a private ceremony in New York City. [37]

Philanthropy

During his retirement, Jay-Z also became involved in philanthropic activity. Philanthropy is the act of donating money goods services time and/or effort to support a socially beneficial cause with a defined objective and with no financial or material On August 9, 2006, he met with UN Secretary General Kofi Annan at the organization's headquarters in New York. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. Kofi Atta Annan, GCMG (born 8 April 1938 is a Ghanaian Diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations The City of New York The rapper pledged to use his upcoming world tour to raise awareness of – and combat – global water shortage. Already on the look-out for a way to, in his own words, "become helpful", he had been made aware of this issue during a visit to Africa. [38] The effort took place in partnership with the UN,[39] as well as MTV, which produced a documentary entitled Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life, first airing in November 2006. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. [40]

Jay-Z also, along with Sean "Diddy" Combs, pledged USD 1 million to the American Red Cross' relief effort after Hurricane Katrina. Sean John Combs (born November 4 1969 known by his Stage names Puff Daddy, P The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States [41] Jay-Z stated his support for Kanye West after the latter's outburst against President Bush during a live Katrina charity telethon. Kanye Omari West (ˈkɑnjɛj born June 8 1977 is a ten-time Grammy Award -winning American Rapper, Record producer and Singer. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. [42] He also addressed the issue of the Katrina disaster, and the government's response, in his song Minority Report. "Minority Report" is a single from the Jay-Z album Kingdom Come released with " Beach Chair " as its B side [43]

Controversy

Joe Budden

Joe Budden raised eyebrows on a remix of "Pump it Up" featuring Jay-Z where the rappers appeared to be "battling" each other. Joseph Anthony Budden is an American Rapper. Music career His debut solo studio album release was the self titled Joe Budden. [44] This has led to speculations of bad blood between the two being a factor in the constant delays his second album has suffered, since Jay-Z was the President of Joe's then parent label - Def Jam. Def Jam Recordings is a United States based hip-hop Record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island However, both men have denied this. [45]

On the track "Talk 2 Em", which leaked December 15, 2007, Budden took stabs at Jay-Z's relevance as an artist and his abilities as Def Jam president. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. He expressed his thoughts and feelings towards Jay-Z by claiming "No one's buying your albums but you," and, "Maybe it's time to study your understudy. "[46]


Glastonbury controversy

On 1 February, 2008 it was announced that Jay-Z will be headlining the 2008 Glastonbury Festival. For the classical music and theatre festivals co-founded by Rutland Boughton between 1914 and 1926 see Glastonbury Festival (1914-1925 The [47] Oasis's Noel Gallagher blasted the organizers Glastonbury Festival for scheduling Jay-Z as a headliner for the traditionally guitar-driven event:

"If it ain't broke don't fix it. Oasis are an English rock band that formed in Manchester in 1991 Noel Thomas David Gallagher (born 29 May 1967 in Manchester, England is the lead guitarist backing vocalist and occasional lead vocalist of British rock band Oasis If you start to break it then people aren't going to go. I'm sorry, but Jay-Z? No chance. Glastonbury has a tradition of guitar music and even when they throw the odd curve ball in on a Sunday night you go 'Kylie Minogue?' I don't know about it. But I'm not having hip hop at Glastonbury. It's wrong. "[48]

Jay-Z headlining at Glastonbury has been an ongoing story, with artists, promoters and fans weighing in both for and against. Usher has commented saying:

"It really shocked me that he said that. Usher Raymond IV (born October 14 1978 known simply by his first name Usher, is an American R&B and pop Singer - Songwriter Jay-Z is an incredible artist and headliner. I saw him perform at the Hollywood Bowl in L. A. , and you're not getting better than that. He should give someone else a chance. He needn't have said that and I was disappointed he did. "[49]

Emily Eavis, the organizer of the Glastonbury music festival, said she is honoured that Jay-Z will be headlining the event saying:

"He is absolutely the right act for our festival," she said. "There is no reason why we should not have the greatest living hip hop artist on at Glastonbury. "[50]

Eavis also stated that Jay-Z is far from the first hip hop artist to appear at Glastonbury. The Roots, Cypress Hill, and De La Soul have all performed at the event. The Roots are an American hip-hop band from Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Cypress Hill is an American hip hop group from Los Angeles California. De La Soul is a Grammy Award-winning hip hop group They are best known for their eclectic sampling and quirky surreal lyrics and their contributions to the evolution

Recently Jay-Z responded to this controversy saying the following:

"We don't play guitars, Noel, but hip hop has put in its work like any other form of music. This headline show is just a natural progression. Rap music is still evolving. From Afrika Bambaataa DJ-ing in the Bronx and Run DMC going platinum, to Jazzy Jeff And The Fresh Prince winning the first rap Grammy, I'm just next in the line. We have to respect each other's genre of music and move forward. " [51]

Discography

Main article: Jay-Z discography

Studio albums

Collaboration albums

Compilation albums

Grammy Award history

Year Category Title Result
1999 Best Rap Solo Performance "Hard Knock Life" Nominated
1999 Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group "Money Ain't a Thang" Nominated
1999 Best Rap Album Vol. Collision Course is a CD / DVD set released on November 30, 2004 by Jay-Z & Linkin Park. Linkin Park is an American rock band from Agoura Hills, California. Jay-Z Unplugged is Rapper Jay-Z 's 2001 music album that contains some of his past songs with live instruments performed by Jay-Z himself with the Chapter One Greatest Hits is a Greatest hits Compilation album released in 2002 by rapper Jay-Z. Bring It On The Best of Jay-Z is a Greatest hits Compilation album released in 2003 by rapper Jay-Z. Greatest Hits is a compilation album by Jay-Z. Track listing Can I Get A The Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance was awarded from 1991 to 2002 alongside the Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. The Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group has been awarded since 1991, alongside the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance. The Grammy Award for Best Rap Album has been awarded since 1996 2. . . Hard Knock Life Won
2001 Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group "Big Pimpin" Won
2001 Best Rap Album Vol. 3: The Life and Times of S. Carter Nominated
2002 Best Rap Performance By a Duo or Group "Change the Game" Nominated
2002 Best Rap Solo Performance "Izzo (H. The Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance was awarded from 1991 to 2002 alongside the Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. O. V. A. )" Nominated
2003 Best Male Rap Solo Performance "Song Cry" Nominated
2004 Best Rap Album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & Curse Nominated
2004 Best Rap Song "Excuse Me Miss" Nominated
2004 Best Rap/Sung Collaboration "Frontin" Nominated
2004 Best R&B Song "Crazy In Love" Won
2004 Best Rap/Sung Collaboration "Crazy In Love" Won
2004 Record of the Year "Crazy In Love" Nominated
2005 Best Rap Solo Performance "99 Problems" Won
2005 Best Rap Album The Black Album Nominated
2005 Best Rap Song "99 Problems" Nominated
2006 Best Rap/Sung Collaboration "Numb/Encore" Won
2007 Best R&B Song "Deja Vu" Nominated
2007 Best Rap/Sung Collaboration "Deja Vu" Nominated
2008 Record of the Year "Umbrella" Nominated
2008 Song of the Year "Umbrella" Nominated
2008 Best Rap/Sung Collaboration "Umbrella" Won
2008 Best Rap Solo Performance "Show Me What You Got" Nominated
2008 Best Rap Album "Kingdom Come" Nominated

Filmography

Film Year
Streets Is Watching (1998)
Hard Knock Life (2000)
State Property (2002)
Paper Soldiers (2002)
Fade to Black (2004)
Diary of Jay-Z: Water for Life (2006)

References

  1. ^ Pitchfork: Jay-Z Leaves Def Jam Presidency
  2. ^ The Greatest MCs of All Time MTV. The Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance has been awarded since 2003 alongside the Grammy Award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance. The Grammy Award for Best Rap Song was first awarded in 2004 It is a songwriting award given to all who wrote the lyrics and music of the song The Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration has been awarded since 2002 The Grammy Award for Best R&B Song (sometimes known as the R&B Songwriter's Award has been awarded since 1969. The Record of the Year is one of the four most prestigious Grammy Awards presented annually for the soundtrack to Streets Is Watching see Streets Is Watching (soundtrack Streets Is Watching is a musical film in which State property is Property owned by the State. Such property may also referred to crown property Paper Soldiers is an urban crime comedy released in 2002. It stars Kevin Hart, Beanie Sigel, Kamal Ahmed, and rapper Jay-Z Fade to Black is a 2004 documentary about the career of US rapper Jay-Z. Retrieved on 2006-12-26
  3. ^ http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTopArt
  4. ^ https://moodle.brandeis.edu/file.php/3404/pdfs/chang-hip-hop-world.pdf
  5. ^ Recounted by Jay-Z on the documentary Collision Course DVD. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Collision Course is a CD / DVD set released on November 30, 2004 by Jay-Z & Linkin Park. Collision Course. Jay-Z and Linkin Park. Roc-A-Fella/Warner Bros. /Machine Shop Recordings. 2004.
  6. ^ Jay-Z Reclaims His 'Kingdom' With No. 1 Debut. Billboard.com. See Billboard (Turkish magazine Billboard is a weekly American Magazine devoted to the Music industry Retrieved on November 29, 2006. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^ Leeds, Jeff. "In Rapper’s Deal, a New Model for Music Business", New York Times, 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Retrieved on 2008-04-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.  
  8. ^ http://panachereport.com/channels/coverstories/jennifer.htm
  9. ^ a b c Birchmeier, Jason. Jay-Z Biography. All Music Guide. allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. Last accessed August 24, 2007. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  10. ^ a b Adaso, Henry. How Well Do You Know Jay-Z? About.com. Aboutcom is an online source for original information and advice and is among the top 15 US Websites ( Nielsen Online Spring 2008 Last accessed August 24, 2007. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  11. ^ Jay-Z Picture, Profile, Gossip, and News at CelebrityWonder.com
  12. ^ http://www.askmen.com/men/entertainment_60/82_jay_z.html
  13. ^ Jay-Z biography.
  14. ^ Reid, Shaheem. Nas vs. Jay-Z: Grade-A Beef. MTV. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Retrieved on 2007-02-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed
  15. ^ Welte, Jim. "Jay-Z preps Kingdom Come", MP3. com, 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September  
  16. ^ "Legal Action to be Taken over Jay-Z Single Leak?", World Entertainment News, 2006-10-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September  
  17. ^ Jay-Z Ends His Retirement With Star-Studded Comeback Album. San Francisco Chronicle (2006-09-15). The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Retrieved on September 16, 2006. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers
  18. ^ Reid, Shaheem (2006-09-14). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Jay-Z's 'Retirement' Is Finally Over: New Album Due In November. MTV News. MTV News is the news division of MTV, the first and most popular Music Television network in the U Retrieved on 2006-09-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec
  19. ^ DAVID M. HALBFINGER and JEFF LEED (2007 September 20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. For Jay-Z, Inspiration Arrives in a Movie. New York Times. Retrieved on September 19, 2007. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I.
  20. ^ Shake (2007 September 20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Jay-Z to Release 'American Gangster'. HipHopDX. Retrieved on September 20, 2007. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France.
  21. ^ Johns Hopkins Newsletter: New Vibrations
  22. ^ "Jay-Z confirmed for Glastonbury", BBC News, 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen  
  23. ^ Jay-Z confirmed to headline Glastonbury 2008 | News | NME.COM
  24. ^ [1]
  25. ^ Hove Festival Homepage
  26. ^ http://www.o2wirelessfestival.co.uk/lineup/index.aspx Official line-up
  27. ^ [2],AllHipHop. com, 24 December 2007
  28. ^ Roc-A-Fella Sold To Island Def Jam, AllHipHop. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. com, 8 December 2004
  29. ^ Damon Dash Speaks About Jay-Z, Vibe. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " com, 10 April 2006
  30. ^ a b Iconix to Buy Rocawear, Jay-Z's Clothing Line. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The New York Times (2007-03-07). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Retrieved on 2007-03-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  31. ^ Jay-Z: Down To 98 Problems Yet?. MTV (2007-02-07). MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Retrieved on 2007-03-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  32. ^ http://www.allhiphop.com/Hiphopnews/index.asp?ID=6279
  33. ^ Beyonce's Rapper Lover Is After A Piece Of Arse: Jay-Z's Footie Bid, The Sunday Mirror, 9 October 2005
  34. ^ HHWorlds.com - Jay-Z Teams Up With J Hotels To Develop On $66 Million New York Site
  35. ^ In Rapper’s Deal, a New Model for Music Business" New York Times. The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. April 3, 2008. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on April 3, 2008. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  36. ^ Handlin, Sam. Jay-Z pleads guilty to stabbing record executive. Courttv. com. October 18, 2001. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved June 18, 2006. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  37. ^ Source: Beyoncé and Jay-Z Are Married. People. com (April 4, 2008). Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  38. ^ Jay-Z helps UN focus on world water crisis, USA Today, August 9, 2006. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved June 4, 2006
  39. ^ International Decade for Action: Water for Life, 2005 - 2015. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. United Nations. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
  40. ^ "Water for Life", MTV. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.  
  41. ^ "Diddy, Jay-Z give $1 million to Red Cross", MSNBC, 2005-09-02. MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.  
  42. ^ "Jay-Z backs Kanye West’s telethon outburst", MSNBC, 2005-09-07. MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.  
  43. ^ "For The Record: Quick News On Jay-Z, Metallica, Bow Wow, John Legend, J Dilla, Sufjan Stevens & More", MTV, 2007-02-12. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Retrieved on 2008-06-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem  
  44. ^ Lyrics to the rather infamous "Pump it Up" remix http://lyrics.astraweb.com/display/714/joe_budden..unknown..pump_it_up_remix.html
  45. ^ Jay-Z interview that mentions "The Growth" delays http://xxlmag.com/online/?p=5415
  46. ^ HHWorlds.com - Joe Budden On Jay-Z, "Stop Rapping, Hang It Up" (December 20, 2007)
  47. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7223232.stm
  48. ^ Hip-hop "wrong" for Glastonbury. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. BBC News (2008-04-12). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
  49. ^ Usher Slams Noel Gallagher Over Glastonbury Comments. Gigwise (2008-05-06). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
  50. ^ Emily Eavis: The real reason we invited Jay-Z to Glastonbury. The Independent (2008-04-17). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2008-05-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses
  51. ^ Noel Gallagher is narrow minded: Jay-Z. NDTVmusic. com (2008-05-13). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.

External links


Persondata
NAME Jay-Z
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Carter, Shawn Corey
SHORT DESCRIPTION Rapper, entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH December 4, 1969
PLACE OF BIRTH Brooklyn, New York, United States
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
MySpace is a popular social networking Website offering an interactive user-submitted network of friends personal profiles blogs groups photos music and LyricWiki is a Lyrical Database -oriented Website run by a MediaWiki Wiki server "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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