Java
Type	Abugida
Spoken languages	Javanese
Time period	c. An abugida ( from Ge‘ez አቡጊዳ ’äbugida or Amharic አቡጊዳ ’abugida is a segmental Writing system which Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia. 900–20th century
Parent systems	Proto-Canaanite alphabet  → Phoenician alphabet   → Aramaic alphabet    → Brāhmī     → Pallava      → Old Kawi       → Java
Sister systems	Balinese Batak Baybayin Buhid Hanunó'o Lontara Old Sundanese Rejang Tagbanwa
ISO 15924	Java
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Events By place Asia Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Kavi script inscribed in Luzon, Philippines, The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The Proto-Canaanite alphabet is a consonantal alphabet of twenty-two acrophonic glyphs found in Levantine texts of the Late Bronze Age (from ca The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC The Aramaic alphabet is an Abjad, a Consonantal Alphabet, used for writing Aramaic. Brāhmī script refers to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of alphabets. Vatteluttu () or "rounded writing" is an Abugida Writing system originating from the Dravidian peoples of Southern India and The Balinese script is an Abugida that was used to write the Balinese language, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the The Batak script, called locally the surat Batak, is an Abugida that is used to write the Batak language of northern Sumatra, an Baybayin or Alibata (known in Unicode as the Tagalog script) is a pre- Spanish Philippine Writing system that originated Buhid (ᝊᝓᝑᝒ is an indigenous Brahmic script of the Philippines, and is used today by the Mangyans to write in their language Hanunó'o is one of the indigenous scripts of the Philippines; see Baybayin. The Lontara script is an Indic script traditionally used for writing several languages of Sulawesi in Indonesia such as the Bugis language, the The Rejang script, sometimes spelt Redjang and locally known as Surat Ulu ('upstream script' is an Abugida of the Brahmic family, and is related Tagbanwa, also known as Apurahuano, is one of the indigenous Writing systems of the Philippines. ISO 15924, Codes for the representation of names of scripts, defines two sets of codes for a number of Writing systems (scripts In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's

The Javanese script, natively known as Carakan (Tjarakan), is the script originally used to write Javanese. Javanese is the language of the people in the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, in Indonesia.

Contents 1 Javanese 2 Script 3 Alphabet as poem 4 Further reading 5 See also 6 External links

Javanese

Javanese is an abugida script consisting of 20 main consonants with an inherent vowel "a" (normally pronounced as open back rounded vowel when reciting the consonants). An abugida ( from Ge‘ez አቡጊዳ ’äbugida or Amharic አቡጊዳ ’abugida is a segmental Writing system which The open back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that In addition there are vowel markings, contraction of consonants, variant great letters used for ceremony, and marks to indicate poetic structure.

The twenty consonants are:

ha, na, ca, ra, ka
da, ta, sa, wa, la
pa, dha, ja, ya, nya
ma, ga, ba, tha, nga

Script

Alphabet as poem

The alphabet itself forms a poem, of which the line-by-line translation is as follows:

There (were/was) warriors
(They) had animosity (among each other)
(They were) equally powerful (in fight)
Both (were) dead.

in detail:

hana / ana = there were/was
caraka = warrior (actually, 'one who is loyal to and trusted by someone')
data = have/has
sawala = difference (regarding a matter)
padha = same, equal
jayanya = 'their power', 'jaya' could mean 'glory' as well
maga = 'both'
bathanga = 'be a dead body' = 'die', since 'bathang' = corpse

Further reading

There are very few items available in English about Javanese script; however, the following give some introduction:

• Gallop, Annabel Teh. Golden letters: writing traditions of Indonesia = Surat emas: budaya tulis di Indonesia (with Bernard Arps). London: British Library; Jakarta: Yayasan Lontar, c1991. ISBN 9798083067
• Pigeaud, Theodore G. Th. Javanese and Balinese manuscripts and some codices written in related idioms spoken in Java and Bali: descriptive catalogue, with examples of Javanese script, introductory chapters, a general index of names and subjects Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1975. ISBN 3515019642

See also

• History of the alphabet
• The Brahmic script and its descendants
• Folk etymology relevant to Javanese etymology
• Balinese script, a very similar script used in the neighbouring island of Bali

External links

• Hanacaraka Font & Resources (in Indonesian)
• Entry on Javanese at Omniglot.com -- A guide to writing systems
• Javanese script (hanacaraka) calligraphy service in the web [1]
• Pallawa :: Javanese Script Software

The history of the Alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium into the History of writing. The Brahmic family is a family of syllabaries (writing systems used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of Central Asia and East Asia, Folk etymology is a term used in two distinct ways A commonly held misunderstanding of the origin of a particular word a False etymology. The Balinese script is an Abugida that was used to write the Balinese language, an Austronesian language spoken by about three million people on the Bali is an Indonesian Island located at, the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to

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