| Jarai | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Vietnam, Cambodia, United States | |
| Region: | Southeast Asia | |
| Total speakers: | 332,557 | |
| Ranking: | ? | |
| Language family: | Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Malayic Aceh-Chamic Chamic South Chamic Plateau Chamic Jarai |
|
| Writing system: | Vietnam: modified Vietnamese alphabet Cambodia: None | |
| Official status | ||
| Official language in: | none, recognised as a minority language in Vietnam | |
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | jra | |
| ISO 639-3: | jra | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This is a list of languages, ordered by the number of native-language speakers, with some data for second-language use List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers The Malayic languages are a branch of the Sunda-Sulawesi languages of the Austronesian family. The Aceh-Chamic languages (or Achinese-Chamic languages) are a group of related languages spoken in mainland and insular Southeast Asia, consisting principally The Chamic languages are a group of ten languages spoken in parts of Cambodia, Vietnam, and Hainan, classified as Malayic languages in the A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially This is a list of bodies that regulate Standard languages Natural languages Auxiliary languages Interlingua The auxiliary language ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages ISO 639 -3 (ISO 639-32007 is an international standard for Language codes The standard describes three‐letter codes for identifying languages In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's | ||
The Jarai language is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Jarai ethnic group of Vietnam and Cambodia. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 351 million speakers The Jarai (also Người Gia Rai, Gia Rai, or Gia-rai) is an ethnic group based primarily in Vietnam 's Central Highlands. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The speakers of Jarai number approximately 332,557. They are the largest of the upland ethnic groups of Vietnam's Central Highlands known as Degar or Montagnards. Tây Nguyên, translated as Western Highlands and sometimes also called Central Highlands, is one of the regions of Vietnam. The Degar (referred to by French colonists as Montagnard) are the Indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam.
The language is in the Chamic subgroup of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and is thus related to the Cham language of central Vietnam. The Chamic languages are a group of ten languages spoken in parts of Cambodia, Vietnam, and Hainan, classified as Malayic languages in the Cham is the language of the Cham people of Southeast Asia, and formerly the language of the kingdom of Champa in central Vietnam
A number of Jarai also live in the United States, having resettled there following the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia
Phonology
Influenced by the surrounding Mon-Khmer languages, words of the various Chamic languages of Southeast Asia, including Jarai, have become disyllabic with the stress on the second syllable. The Mon-Khmer languages are the autochthonous Language family of Southeast Asia. The Chamic languages are a group of ten languages spoken in parts of Cambodia, Vietnam, and Hainan, classified as Malayic languages in the In Linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain Syllables in a word Additionally, Jarai has further evolved in the pattern of Mon-Khmer, losing almost all vowel distinction in the initial syllable. While trisyllabic words do exist, they are all loanwords. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation The typical Jarai word may be represented:
(C)(V)-C(C)V(V)(C)
where the values in parentheses are optional and "(C)" in the cluster "C(C)" represents a liquid consonant /l/, /r/ or a semivowel /w/, /y/. Liquid consonants, or liquids, are Approximant Consonants that are not classified as Semivowels (glides because they do not correspond phonetically Semivowels — also known as glides or non-syllabic vowels —are Vowels that form Diphthongs with full syllabic vowels In Jarai dialects spoken in Cambodia, the "(C)" in the cluster "C(C)" can also be the voiced velar fricative /ɣ/, a phoneme used by the Jarai in Cambodia, but not attested in Vietnam. The voiced velar fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in various spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The vowel of the first sylable in disyllabic words is most often the mid-central unrounded vowel, /ə/, unless the initial consonant is the glottal stop /ʔ/. A mid vowel is a Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a mid vowel is that the tongue is positioned mid-way between an A central vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter. The second vowel of the stressed syllable produces a diphthong. In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with
Further reading
- Pittman, R. S. (1957). Jarai as a member of the Malayo-Polynesian family of languages. Fargo, N. D. : Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota. SIL International (the official name of what was originally the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a worldwide U
- Reed, R. (1976). Jorai primer, guide and writing book. Vietnam education microfiche series, no. VE55-01/08/04. Huntington Beach, Calif: Summer Institute of Linguistics. SIL International (the official name of what was originally the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a worldwide U
- Tong Nang, N. (1975). An outline of Jarai grammar. Vietnam data microfiche series, no. VD55-01. Huntington Beach, Calif: Summer Institute of Linguistics. SIL International (the official name of what was originally the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a worldwide U
External links
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