Calendars v • d • e (list) Wide use Astronomical · Gregorian · Islamic · ISO Calendar Types Lunisolar · Solar · Lunar Selected use Assyrian · Armenian · Attic · Aztec (Tonalpohualli – Xiuhpohualli) · Babylonian · Bahá'í · Bengali · Berber · Bikram Samwat · Buddhist · Celtic · Chinese · Coptic · Egyptian · Ethiopian · Calendrier Républicain · Germanic · Hebrew · Hellenic · Hindu · Indian · Iranian · Irish · Japanese · Javanese · Juche · Julian · Korean · Lithuanian · Malayalam · Maya (Tzolk'in – Haab') · Minguo · Nanakshahi · Nepal Sambat · Pawukon · Pentecontad calendar · Rapa Nui · Roman · Soviet · Tamil · Thai (Lunar – Solar) · Tibetan · Burmese . The word Calendar consist of two words 1 Cal ( in Pashto means Year in Hindi and Persian is Sal- also means Year In current use Assyrian calendar Astronomical year numbering Bahá'í calendar Bengali calendar Astronomical year numbering is based on AD ( Anno Domini)/CE ( Common Era) year numbering but follows normal Decimal Integer numbering more strictly The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ The ISO week date system is a Leap week calendar system that is part of the ISO 8601 date and time standard A lunisolar calendar is a Calendar in many Cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar Year. A solar calendar is a Calendar whose dates indicate the position of the earth on its revolution around the Sun (or equivalently the apparent position of the sun moving A lunar calendar is a Calendar that is based on cycles of the Moon phase. This article is about the calendar introduced in the 1950s See Old Assyrian calendar for the ancient calendar The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Attic calendar is the Calendar that was in use in ancient Attica, the ancestral territory of the Athenian Polis. The Aztec calendar is the Calendar system that was used by the Aztecs as well as other Pre-Columbian peoples of central Mexico. The tonalpohualli, a Nahuatl word meaning "count of days" is a 260-day sacred period (often termed a " Year " in use in Pre-Columbian The Xiuhpohualli was a 365-day Calendar used by the Aztecs and other Pre-Columbian Nahua peoples in central Mexico The Babylonian calendar was a Lunisolar calendar with years consisting of 12 Lunar months each beginning when a new crescent moon was first sighted low The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Bengali calendar ( বঙ্গাব্দ Bônggabdo or বাংলা সন Bangla Shôn) or Bangla calendar is a traditional solar Calendar The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. Bikram Samwat ( Bikram Sambat, or Vikram Samvat, Devnagari:बिक्रम संवत abbreviated "B The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The term Celtic calendar is used to refer to a variety of calendars used by Celtic-speaking peoples at different times in history The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The ancient civil Egyptian calendar had a year that was 365 days long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each plus 5 extra days (epagomenes Greek ἐπαγόμεναι The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The French Republican Calendar or French Revolutionary Calendar was a Calendar proposed during the French Revolution, and used by the French government The Germanic calendars were the regional agricultural Almanacs used amongst the Germanic peoples prior to the adoption of the Julian and later the Gregorian The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious The Hellenic calendar &mdashor more properly the Hellenic calendars, for there was no uniform calendar imposed upon all of Classical Greece &mdashbegan in most Greek The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Irish calendar does not observe the typical astronomical seasons (beginning in the Northern Hemisphere on the Equinoxes and Solstices, or the meteorological seasons The Javanese calendar is a Calendar still in use by the Javanese people of Indonesia concurrently with two other important calendars the Gregorian The Juche Idea (주체사상 Juche Sasang) is the official state Ideology of North Korea and the Political system based on it The Revised Julian calendar or less formally New Calendar, is a Calendar scheme originated in 1923 which effectively discontinued the 340 years of divergence between The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Lithuanian calendar is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from Greek or Norse mythology Malayalam calendar (also known as Malayalam Era or Kollavarsham) is a solar Sidereal calendar used in the state of Kerala in South India The Maya calendar is a system of distinct Calendars and Almanacs used by the Maya civilization of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and by Tzolk'in (in the revised Guatemala Mayan languages Academy Orthography which is now preferred formerly and commonly tzolkin) is the name bestowed by The Haab' is part of the Maya calendric system used by peoples of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization. The Republic of China calendar (民國紀元 is the method of numbering years currently used in the Republic of China ( Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen The Nanakshahi (ਨਾਨਕਸ਼ਾਹੀ nānakashāhī) calendar is a Solar calendar that was adopted by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee The Lunar calendar Nepal Sambat ( Nepal Bhasa: नेपाल सम्बत is commonly used in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal. The Pentecontad Calendar is a unique agricultural Calendar system thought to be of Amorite origin in which the year is broken down into seven periods of fifty days The Rapa Nui calendar was the indigenous Lunisolar calendar of Easter Island. The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. }The Tamil Calendar is used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry in India, and by the Tamil population in Malaysia, The Thai lunar calendar ( Thai: ปฏิทินจันทรคติ Patitin Chantarakati) (literally Against-the-Sun Moon-Ways) is Thailand The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King The Tibetan calendar is a Lunisolar calendar, that is the Tibetan year is composed of either 12 or 13 Lunar months each beginning and ending with a New moon The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun Vietnamese· Xhosa · Zoroastrian Calendar Types Runic · Mesoamerican (Long Count – Calendar Round) Christian variants Julian calendar · Calendar of saints · Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar · Liturgical year Rarely used Darian calendar · Discordian calendar Display types and applications Perpetual calendar · Wall calendar · Economic calendar

Koinobori, flags decorated like koi, are popular decorations around Children's Day

This mural on the wall of a Tokyo subway station celebrates Hazuki, the eighth month. This article is about the Vietnamese holiday For the 1968 military operation that began on that holiday see Tết Offensive. By the traditional Xhosa calendar, the year began in June and ended in May when Canopus, a large star visible in the Southern Hemisphere, signalled the The Zoroastrian calendar is a religious Calendar used by members of the Zoroastrian faith and it is an approximation of the (tropical Solar calendar. The Runic calendar is a Perpetual calendar based on the 19 year long Metonic cycle of the Moon Mesoamerican calendars are the calendrical systems devised and used by the Pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica. In the Mesoamerican calendars, Calendar Round dates are composed by interlacing the dates of a 260-day period ( Tzolk'in in the Maya Calendar, Tonalpohualli The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints The Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar describes and dictates the rhythm of the life of the Eastern Orthodox Church. The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when The Darian Calendar is a proposed system of time-keeping designed to serve the needs of any possible future human settlers on the planet Mars. The Discordian or Erisian calendar is an alternative Calendar used by some adherents of Discordianism. A perpetual calendar is a Calendar which is good for a span of many years such as the Runic calendar. A wall calendar is a Calendar intended for placement on a wall Economic calendar is a type of Calendar that is intended to inform financiers and traders about the scheduled major economic numbers (like CPI, (kɔɪ or more specifically (niɕikigoi literally " brocaded carp" are ornamental domesticated varieties of the Common carp Cyprinus carpio. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. The is a Rapid transit line of the Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan, its official name being which is rarely used

Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Before 1873, a lunisolar calendar was in use, which was adapted from the Chinese calendar. A lunisolar calendar is a Calendar in many Cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar Year. The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. ^[1] Japanese eras are still in use. The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era

Years

Since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, three different systems for counting years have or had been used in Japan:

• The Western Anno Domini (Common Era) (西暦, seireki) designation
• The Japanese era name (年号, nengō) based on the reign of the current emperor, the year 2008 being Heisei 20
• The imperial year (皇紀, kōki) based on the mythical founding of Japan by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era also known as Kamuyamato Iwarebiko; given name Wakamikenu no Mikoto or Sano no Mikoto, born according to the legendary account in the Kojiki on

Of these three, the first two are still in current use; Japan-Guide.com provides a convenient converter between the two. The imperial calendar was used from 1873 to the end of World War II. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between

Months

The modern Japanese names for the months literally translate to "first month", "second month", and so on. The corresponding number is combined with the suffix -gatsu (month):

• January - 一月 (ichigatsu)
• February - 二月 (nigatsu)
• March - 三月 (sangatsu)
• April - 四月 (shigatsu)
• May - 五月 (gogatsu)
• June - 六月 (rokugatsu)
• July - 七月 (shichigatsu)
• August - 八月 (hachigatsu)
• September - 九月 (kugatsu)
• October - 十月 (jūgatsu)
• November - 十一月 (jūichigatsu)
• December - 十二月 (jūnigatsu)

(Note that using Arabic numberals, as 3月, is extremely common in everyday communication, almost the norm. )

In addition, every month has a traditional name, still used by some in fields such as poetry; of the twelve, shiwasu is still widely used today. The opening paragraph of a letter or the greeting in a speech might borrow one of these names to convey a sense of the season. Some, such as yayoi and satsuki, do double duty as given names (for women). These month names also appear from time to time on jidaigeki, contemporary television shows and movies set in the Edo period or earlier. is a Genre of Film, Television, and Theatre in Japan. The name means "period drama" and the period is usually the Edo period Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868

The name of month: (pronunciation, literal meaning)

• January - 睦月 (mutsuki, affection month)
• February - 如月 or 衣更着 (kisaragi or kinusaragi, changing clothes)
• March - 弥生 (yayoi, new life; the beginning of spring)
• April - 卯月 (uzuki, u-no-hana month; the u-no-hana is a flower, genus Deutzia)
• May - 皐月 or 早月 or 五月(satsuki, fast month)
• June - 水無月 (minatsuki or minazuki, month of water — the 無 character, which normally means "not", is here ateji, that is, used only for the sound "na". Kisaragi (如月 or 衣更着 is a traditional name for February in Japanese. Kisaragi (如月 or 衣更着 is a traditional name for February in Japanese. Deutzia is a Genus of about 60 species of Shrubs in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to eastern and central Asia (from the In modern Japanese, are Kanji used phonetically to represent native or borrowed words In this name the na is actually a possessive particle, so Minazuki means "month of water," not "month without water. ")
• July - 文月 (fumizuki, book month)
• August - 葉月 (hazuki, leaf month)
• September - 長月 (nagatsuki, long month)
• October - 神無月 (kaminazuki or kannazuki, which just as with Minazuki, means "month of gods", not "month without gods. is a traditional name for the tenth month in the traditional Japanese Lunar calendar. ") In Izumo province, modern-day Shimane Prefecture, this is emended to 神有月 or 神在月 (kamiarizuki, roughly "month with gods"), as all the gods are believed to gather there for an annual meeting at the Izumo Shrine. Izumo (Japanese 出雲国 Izumo-no-kuni) was an old province of Japan which today consists of the eastern part of Shimane prefecture in WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūgoku region on Honshū is one of the most ancient and important of the Shinto shrines in Japan.
• November - 霜月 (shimotsuki, frost month)
• December - 師走 (shiwasu, priests run; it is named so because priests are busy making end of the year prayers and blessings. )

Subdivisions of the month

Japan uses a seven-day week, aligned with the Western calendar. The seven day week, with names for the days corresponding directly to those used in Europe, was brought to Japan around 800 AD. The system was used for astrological purposes and little else until 1876, shortly after Japan officially adopted the Western calendar. Fukuzawa Yukichi was a key figure in the decision to adopt this system as the source for official names for the days of the week. was a Japanese author writer teacher Translator, entrepreneur and political theorist who founded the Keio University. The names of the days of the week in various world languages can be classified as either numerical or planetary; however in either case the names of one or more days The names come from the five visible planets, which in turn are named after the five Chinese elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, water), and from the moon and sun (yin and yang). In traditional Chinese philosophy, natural phenomena can be classified into the Wu Xing ( or the Five Phases, usually translated as five elements, In Chinese philosophy, the concept of yin and yang ( is used to describe how seemingly opposing forces are bound together intertwined and interdependent in the

Japan also divides the month roughly into three 10-day periods. The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University Each is called a jun (旬). The first is jōjun (上旬); the second, chūjun (中旬); the last, gejun (下旬). These are frequently used to indicate approximate times, for example, "the temperatures are typical of the jōjun of April"; "a vote on a bill is expected during the gejun of this month. "

Days of the month

Each day of the month has a semi-systematic but irregularly formed name:

(Note that using Arabic numberals, as 14日, is extremely common in everyday communication, almost the norm. )

Tsuitachi is a worn-down form of tsukitachi, which means the first of the month. In the traditional calendar, the last day of the month was called 晦日 misoka. Nowadays, the terms for the numbers 28-31 plus nichi are much more common. However, misoka is much used in contracts, etc. , specifying that a payment should be made on or by the last day of the month, whatever the number is. The last day of the year is 大晦日 ōmisoka (the big last day), and that term is still in use. New Year's Eve, is the second-most important day in Japanese tradition because it is the final day of the old year and the eve of New Year's Day, likewise the most

National holidays

Main article: Holidays of Japan

Notes: Single days between two national holidays are taken as a bank holiday. The of 1948 (as amended establishes the occasions on which Japan has a legal Holiday. This applies to May 4, which is a holiday each year. When a national holiday falls on a Sunday the next day that is not a holiday (usually a Monday) is taken as a holiday.

† Traditional date on which according to legend Emperor Jimmu founded Japan in 660 BC. The romanization of Japanese or ( is the use of the Latin alphabet to write the Japanese language. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The Japanese celebrate New Year's Day on January 1 each year Before 1873 the date of the was based on the Chinese lunisolar calendar and celebrated at In Christianity, a moveable feast or movable feast is a holy day &mdash a Feast day or a Fast day &mdash whose date is not fixed to a Seijin shiki (ja 成人式 is the Japanese coming-of-age ceremony Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. is a national holiday in Japan celebrated annually on February 11. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. is a Japanese annual holiday held on April 29. It honours the birthday of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito the reigning Emperor before during and after Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João is a national holiday in Japan. It takes place on May third in celebration of the promulgation of the 1947 Constitution of Japan. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV is a Japanese holiday. Between 1989 and 2006 it was celebrated on April 29. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Universal Children's Day In 1954 the United Nations General Assembly suggested that all nations should observe a Universal Children's Day as a day of worldwide Kodomo no Hi (こどもの日 meaning " Children's Day " is a Japanese national Holiday which takes place annually on May 5, the fifth also known as 'Ocean Day' is a Japanese national holiday celebrated on the third Monday in July Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle also known as Health-Sports Day or Sports Day, is a national holiday in Japan held annually on the second Monday in October Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. is a national holiday held annually in Japan on November 3 for the purpose of promoting Culture, the Arts, and academic endeavour Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of is a national holiday in Japan. It takes place annually on November 23. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city is a national Holiday in the Japanese calendar. It is currently celebrated on December 23. also known as Kamuyamato Iwarebiko; given name Wakamikenu no Mikoto or Sano no Mikoto, born according to the legendary account in the Kojiki on Events and trends 669 BC: Ashurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria.

* Part of Golden Week

Timeline of changes to the national holidays

• 1948 - The following national holidays were introduced: New Year's Day, Coming-of-Age Day, Constitution Memorial Day, Children's Day, Autumnal Equinox Day, Culture Day, Labour Thanksgiving Day. also known as or is a Japanese term applied to the period containing the following public holidays April 29, until 1988 Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• 1966 - Health and Sports Day was introduced in memory of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan Vernal Equinox Day was also introduced.
• 1985 - Reform to the national holiday law made May 4, sandwiched between two other national holidays also a holiday. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar)
• 1989 - After Emperor Showa died on January 7, the Emperor's Birthday became December 23 and Greenery Day took place of the former Emperor's birthday. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) also known as, (April 29 1901 – January 7 1989 was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order reigning from December 25 1926 until his death
• 2000, 2003 - Happy Monday System (ハッピーマンデー制度 Happī Mandē Seido) moved several holidays to Monday. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The was a decision by the Government of Japan to move a number of national holidays to Mondays creating a three-day Weekend for those who normally have a five-day Starting with 2000: Coming-of-Age Day (formerly January 15), and Health and Sports Day (formerly October 10). Starting with 2003: Marine Day (formerly July 20), and Respect for the Aged Day (formerly September 15).
• 2005, 2007 - According to a May 2005 decision, starting with 2007 Greenery Day will be moved from April 29 to May 4 replacing a generic national holiday (国民の休日, kokumin no kyūjitsu^?) that existed after 1985 reform, while April 29 will be known as Shōwa Day. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
• 2009 - September 22 may become sandwiched between two holidays, which would make this day a national holiday. This article is about the year For the film see 2009 Lost Memories. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians

Seasonal days

Some days have special names to mark the change in seasons. The 24 Sekki (二十四節気 Nijūshi sekki) are days that divide a year in the Lunisolar calendar into twenty four equal sections. A solar term is one of 24 points in traditional East Asian Lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon A lunisolar calendar is a Calendar in many Cultures whose date indicates both the Moon phase and the time of the solar Year. Zassetsu (雑節) is a collective term for the seasonal days other than the 24 Sekki. 72 Kō (七十二候 Shichijūni kō) days are made from dividing the 24 Sekki of a year further by three. Some of these names, such as Shunbun, Risshū and Tōji, are still used quite frequently in everyday life in Japan.

24 Sekki

• Risshun (立春): February 4 - Beginning of spring
• Usui (雨水): February 19
• Keichitsu (啓蟄): March 5 - awakening of hibernated (insects)
• Shunbun (春分): March 20 - Vernal equinox, middle of spring
• Seimei (清明): April 5
• Kokuu (穀雨): April 20
• Rikka (立夏): May 5 - Beginning of summer
• Shōman (小満): May 21
• Bōshu (芒種): June 6
• Geshi (夏至): June 21 - Summer solstice, middle of summer
• Shōsho (小暑): July 7 - Small heat
• Taisho (大暑): July 23 - Large heat
• Risshū (立秋): August 7 - Beginning of autumn
• Shosho (処暑): August 23
• Hakuro (白露): September 7
• Shūbun (秋分): September 23 - Autumnal equinox, middle of autumn
• Kanro (寒露): October 8
• Sōkō (霜降): October 23
• Rittō (立冬): November 7 - Beginning of winter
• Shōsetsu (小雪): November 22 - Small snow
• Taisetsu (大雪): December 7 - Large snow
• Tōji (冬至): December 22 - Winter solstice, middle of winter
• Shōkan (小寒): January 5 - a. The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Jīngzhé ( pīnyīn) or Keichitsu ( rōmaji) ( is the 3rd of 24 Solar terms (節氣 in the traditional Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a See also Vernal equinox The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Solstices occur twice a year when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most oriented toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. See also Autumnal equinox The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English An equinox is the event of the Sun passing over the Earth's equator in its annual cycle The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the For other uses see Xiaohan (disambiguation. The traditional East Asian calendars Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. k. a. 寒の入り (Kan no iri)
• Daikan (大寒): January 20

Days can vary by ±1 day. The traditional East Asian calendars divide a year into 24 Solar terms (節氣 Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. See also: Jieqi. A solar term is one of 24 points in traditional East Asian Lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon

Zassetsu

Shanichi days can vary as much as ±5 days. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Chūgen has a fixed day. All other days can vary by ±1 day.

Many zassetsu days occur on multiple seasons:

• Setsubun (節分) refers to the day before each season, or the eves of Risshun, Rikka, Rishū, and Rittō; especially the eve of Risshun.

• Doyō (土用) refers to the 18 days before each season, especially the one before fall which is known as the hottest period of a year.

• Higan (彼岸) is the seven middle days of spring and autumn, with Shunbun at the middle of the seven days for spring, Shūbun for fall.

• Shanichi (社日) is the Tsuchinoe (戊) day closest to Shunbun (middle of spring) or Shūbun (middle of fall), which can be as much as -5 to +4 days away from Shunbun/Shūbun.

Seasonal festivals

The following are known as the five seasonal festivals (節句 sekku, also 五節句 go sekku). The Sekku were made official holidays during Edo era. The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868

1. January 7 (1/7) - 人日 (Jinjitsu), 七草の節句 (Nanakusa no sekku)
2. March 3 (3/3) - 上巳 (Jōshi, Jōmi), 桃の節句 (Momo no sekku)

   雛祭り (Hina matsuri), Girls' Day. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental The is the long-standing Japanese custom of eating on Jinjitsu ( January 7) Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian The Japanese, or Girls' Day is held on March 3, the third day of the third month

3. Tango (端午): May 5 (5/5)
   • 端午の節句 (Tango no sekku), 菖蒲の節句 (Ayame no sekku)
   • Boys' Day. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Kodomo no Hi (こどもの日 meaning " Children's Day " is a Japanese national Holiday which takes place annually on May 5, the fifth Overlaps with the national holiday Children's Day. Universal Children's Day In 1954 the United Nations General Assembly suggested that all nations should observe a Universal Children's Day as a day of worldwide
4. July 7 (7/7) - 七夕 (Shichiseki, Tanabata), 星祭り (Hoshi matsuri )
5. September 9 (9/9) - 重陽 (Chōyō), 菊の節句 (Kiku no sekku)

Not Sekku:

• January 1 - Japanese New Year
• August 15 - Obon
• December 31 - Ōmisoka

Rokuyō

The rokuyō (六曜) are a series of six days that supposedly predict whether there will be good or bad fortune during that day. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death meaning "Evening of the seventh" is a Japanese Star Festival, derived from the Chinese star festival Qi Xi (七夕 " Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The Japanese celebrate New Year's Day on January 1 each year Before 1873 the date of the was based on the Chinese lunisolar calendar and celebrated at Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed For the spanish municipality see Obón. or just is a Japanese Buddhist custom to honor the departed (deceased Spirits Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. New Year's Eve, is the second-most important day in Japanese tradition because it is the final day of the old year and the eve of New Year's Day, likewise the most The rokuyō are still commonly found on Japanese calendars and are often used to plan weddings and funerals, though most people ignore them in ordinary life. The rokuyō are also known as the rokki (六輝). In order, they are:

The rokuyō days are easily calculated from the Japanese Lunisolar calendar. Lunisolar January 1st is always senshō, with the days following in the order given above until the end of the month. Thus, January 2nd is tomobiki, January 3rd is senbu, and so on. Lunisolar February 1st restarts the sequence at tomobiki. Lunisolar March 1st restarts at senbu, and so on for each month. The last six months repeat the patterns of the first six, so July 1st = senshō, December 1st is shakkō and the moon-viewing day of "August 15th" is always a "butsumetsu. "

This system did not become popular in Japan until the end of the Edo period.

April 1

The first day of April has broad significance in Japan. It marks the beginning of the government's fiscal year. ^[2] Many corporations follow suit. In addition, corporations often form or merge on that date. In recent years, municipalities have preferred it for mergers. On this date, many new employees begin their jobs, and it is the start of many real-estate leases. The school year begins on April 1. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne (For more see also academic term)

See also

• Holidays of Japan
• Calendar
• Chinese calendar
• Japanese era name
• Jikkan Jūnishi
• List of kigo

References

External links

• Japanese calendar tables and zodiac signs, in Kanji, Hiragana, Romaji, and English,
• Japanese calendar history by the National Diet Library
• The Lunar Calendar in Japan
• The Japanese Lunar Calendar Mechanics of the Japanese lunar calendar and hints on using NengoCalc (see below)
• Koyomi no page in Japanese
• Koyomi no hanashi in Japanese
• Rokuyō calculator in Japanese
• Rokuyō calendar in English
• Convert Western Years to Japanese Years converts Gregorian calendar years to Japanese Emperor Era years (known as nengo)
• Japanese Year Dates Detailed explanations of Reign years, Era years, Cyclic years, Western years, Imperial years
• NengoCalc (Tool for converting Japanese dates into Western equivalents)