Janis Joplin
Janis Joplin, San Jose, California, 1968
Background information
Birth name	Janis Lyn Joplin
Born	January 19, 1943(1943-01-19) Port Arthur, Texas, U.S.
Died	October 4, 1970 (aged 27) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Genre(s)	Blues, psychedelic rock, acid rock, blues-rock, hard rock
Occupation(s)	Singer, songwriter, arranger
Instrument(s)	Vocals, guitar
Years active	1963-1970
Label(s)	Columbia
Associated acts	Big Brother & the Holding Company
Website	http://www.officialjanis.com/

Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943–October 4, 1970) was an American singer, songwriter, and music arranger, from Port Arthur, Texas. Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont &ndashPort Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area of the U Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. For "acid rock" as a geologic term see Igneous rock. Acid rock is a form of Psychedelic rock, which is characterized Blues-rock is a hybrid musical genre combining Bluesy improvisations over the 12-bar blues and extended Boogie jams with Rock Hard rock (also referred to as heavy rock) is a variation of Rock music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and Psychedelic rock A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both In Music, an arrangement refers either to a rewriting of a piece of existing Music with additional new material or to a fleshing-out of a compositional sketch such A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont &ndashPort Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area of the U She rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, and later as a solo artist. Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Joplin #46 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published ^[1] She died in Los Angeles, California of a drug overdose at the age of 27. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

Contents 1 Biography 2 Career 2.1 Early efforts 2.2 Big Brother and The Holding Company 2.3 Solo career 2.4 Full Tilt Boogie Band 2.5 Pearl 3 Death 4 Legacy 5 Joplin in film and song 6 Discography 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 Samples 11 External links

Biography

Janis Joplin was born to Seth and Dorothy (East) Joplin;^[2] her father was an engineer at Texaco, her mother, registrar at a business college. Texaco is the name of an American oil retail brand Its flagship product is its fuel "Texaco with Techron" She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura. The Joplins felt that Janis always needed more attention than their other children, with her mother stating, "She was unhappy and unsatisfied without [receiving a lot of attention]. The normal rapport wasn't adequate. "^[3]

As a teenager, she befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by African-American blues artists Bessie Smith and Leadbelly, who Joplin later credited with influencing her decision to become a singer. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Bessie Smith (July 9 1892 or April 15 1894&ndash September 26 1937 was an American Blues singer Huddie William Ledbetter, (January 1888 – December 6 1949 was an American folk and Blues Musician, notable for his clear and forceful singing ^[4] She began singing in the local choir and expanded her listening to blues singers such as Odetta and Big Mama Thornton. For the musical composition see Chorale. A choir, chorale, or chorus is a Musical ensemble of Singers Odetta (born December 31, 1930) is an African-American singer actress guitarist songwriter and a human rights activist often referred to as "The Willie Mae ("Big Mama" Thornton ( December 11, 1926 &ndash July 25, 1984) was an American Texas blues,

Primarily a painter while still in school, she first began singing blues and folk music with friends. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous While at Thomas Jefferson High School, she stated that she was mostly shunned. Memorial High School is a public, co-educational Secondary school located in Port Arthur, Texas, United States. ^[4] Joplin was quoted as saying, "I was a misfit. I read, I painted, I didn't hate niggers. "^[3] As a teen, she became overweight and her skin broke out so badly she was left with deep scars which required dermabrasion. Dermabrasion is a cosmetic medical procedure in which the surface of the epidermis of the Skin (the Stratum corneum) is removed by abrasion ^[3][5][6] Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like "pig," "freak" or "creep. "^[3]

Joplin graduated from high school in 1960 and attended Lamar State College of Technology in Beaumont, Texas during the summer^[5] and later the University of Texas at Austin, though she did not complete her studies. Beaumont is a city in and the County seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont&ndash Port Arthur Metropolitan ^[7] The campus newspaper ran a profile of her in 1962 headlined "She Dares To Be Different. "^[7]

Career

Early efforts

Cultivating a rebellious manner, Joplin styled herself in part after her female blues heroines and, in part, after the Beat poets. Her very first song recorded on tape, at the home of a fellow student in December 1962, was "What Good Can Drinkin' Do". "What Good Can Drinkin' Do" is a blues song by Janis Joplin, the first song Janis Joplin ever recorded ^[8] She left Texas for San Francisco in 1963, living in North Beach and later Haight-Ashbury. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city North Beach is a neighborhood in the northeast of San Francisco adjacent to Chinatown and Fisherman's Wharf. Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, US, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets In 1964, Joplin and future Jefferson Airplane guitarist Jorma Kaukonen recorded a number of blues standards, further accompanied by Margareta Kaukonen on typewriter (as percussion instrument). Jefferson Airplane was an American rock band from San Francisco, a pioneer of the Psychedelic rock movement Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen Jr (born December 23, 1940 in Washington D This session included seven tracks: "Typewriter Talk," "Trouble In Mind," "Kansas City Blues," "Hesitation Blues," "Nobody Knows You When You're Down And Out," "Daddy, Daddy, Daddy" and "Long Black Train Blues," and was later released as the bootleg album The Typewriter Tape. " Hesitation Blues " is a popular song written by Billy Smythe Scott Middleton and Art Gillham. A bootleg recording is an audio and/or Video recording of a performance that was not officially released by the artist or under other legal authority

Around this time her drug use increased, and she acquired a reputation as a "speed freak" and occasional heroin user. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative ^[5][2][4] She also used other intoxicants and was a heavy drinker throughout her career, her trademark beverage was Southern Comfort. A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a Chemical substance that acts primarily upon the Central nervous system where it alters Brain Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions Southern Comfort is a fruit spice and whiskey flavored Liqueur produced since 1874

In the spring of 1965, Joplin's friends, noticing the physical effects of her amphetamine habit (she was described as "skeletal"^[4] and "emaciated"^[2]), persuaded her to return to Port Arthur, Texas. Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine In May 1965, Joplin's friends threw her a bus-fare party so she could return home. ^[2] Back in Port Arthur, she changed her lifestyle. She avoided drugs and alcohol, began wearing relatively modest dresses, adopted a beehive hairdo, and enrolled as a sociology major at Lamar University in nearby Beaumont, Texas. The beehive is a woman's hairstyle that resembles a beehive; it is also known as the B-52, for its similarity to the bulbous nose of the B-52 Stratofortress Lamar University is a four-year university located in Beaumont Texas, and a member of The Texas State University System. Beaumont is a city in and the County seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States, within the Beaumont&ndash Port Arthur Metropolitan During her year at Lamar University, she commuted to Austin to perform solo, accompanying herself on guitar. One of her performances was reviewed in the Austin American-Statesman. The Austin American-Statesman is the major daily Newspaper for Austin, the capital city of Texas. Joplin became engaged to a man who visited her, wearing a blue serge suit, to ask her father for her hand in marriage, but the man terminated plans for the marriage soon after. ^[6]

Big Brother and The Holding Company

In 1966, Joplin's bluesy vocal style attracted the attention of the psychedelic band Big Brother and The Holding Company, a band that had gained some renown among the nascent hippie community in Haight-Ashbury. Modern psychedelia For "psychedelics" see Psychedelic drug. Big Brother and the Holding Company is an American rock band that formed in San Francisco in 1965 as part of the psychedelic music scene The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Haight-Ashbury is a district of San Francisco, California, US, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets She was recruited to join the group by Chet Helms, a promoter who had known her in Texas and who at the time was managing Big Brother. Chet Helms ( August 2 1942 – June 25 2005) often called the father of San Francisco's "1967 Summer of Love" was a Music promoter Joplin joined Big Brother on June 4, 1966. ^[9] Her first public performance with them was at the Avalon Ballroom in San Francisco. The Avalon Ballroom is a legendary music venue in the Polk Gulch neighborhood of San Francisco that operated briefly from 1966 until 1968 and again from 2003 to the present Joplin avoided drug use for several weeks, enjoining bandmate Dave Getz to promise that using needles would not be allowed in their rehearsal space or in the communal apartment where they lived. ^[6] When a visitor to the apartment injected drugs in front of Joplin, she angrily reminded Getz that he had broken his promise. ^[6] A San Francisco concert from that summer was recorded and released in the 1984 album Cheaper Thrills.

On August 23, 1966^[9] during a four week engagement in Chicago, the group signed a deal with independent label Mainstream Records. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Mainstream Records is an American Record label, which has released Jazz, Rock music, and Soundtracks over the course of its history ^[10] They recorded tracks in a Chicago recording studio, but the label owner Bob Shad refused to pay their airfare back to San Francisco. Bob Shad ( February 12, 1920 &ndash March 13, 1985) was a music producer and Record label owner ^[4] Shortly after the five band members drove from Chicago to Northern California with very little money, they moved with the Grateful Dead to a house in Lagunitas, California. The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. It was there that Joplin relapsed into hard drugs.

In early 1967, Joplin met Country Joe McDonald of the group, Country Joe and the Fish. Joseph Allen McDonald (born January 1, 1942 in Washington DC) was the leader and lead Singer of the 1960s Psychedelic rock group Country Joe and the Fish was a rock band most widely known for musical protests against the Vietnam War, from 1966 to 1971. The pair lived together as a couple for a few months. ^[2][10] Joplin and Big Brother began playing clubs in San Francisco, at the Fillmore West, Winterland and the Avalon Ballroom. For the San Francisco neighborhood see Fillmore District. For other venues named Fillmore see Fillmore#Music venues. The Avalon Ballroom is a legendary music venue in the Polk Gulch neighborhood of San Francisco that operated briefly from 1966 until 1968 and again from 2003 to the present They also played at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, as well as in Seattle, Washington, Vancouver, British Columbia, the Psychedelic Supermarket in Boston, Massachusetts and the Golden Bear Club in Huntington Beach, California. The Hollywood Bowl is a famous modern Amphitheatre in the Hollywood area of Los Angeles California, USA, that is used primarily for music Performances Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[10]

The Chicago recordings were released by Columbia Records as the bands debut album in August 1967, shortly after the group's breakthrough appearance in June at the Monterey Pop Festival. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company The Monterey International Pop Music Festival was a three-day concert event held June 16 to June 18 1967 at the Monterey County Fairgrounds in Monterey Two songs from Big Brother's set at Monterey were filmed. "Combination of the Two" and a version of Big Mama Thornton's "Ball and Chain" appeared in D.A. Pennebaker's documentary Monterey Pop. Willie Mae ("Big Mama" Thornton ( December 11, 1926 &ndash July 25, 1984) was an American Texas blues, "Ball n' Chain" is a song by Big Mama Thornton. The song is best known for it being covered by Janis Joplin. Donn Alan "D A" Pennebaker (born July 15, 1925) is an American Documentary filmmaker and one of the pioneers of Direct Cinema Monterey Pop is a 1968 Concert film by DA Pennebaker that documents the Monterey Pop Festival of 1967. The film captured Cass Elliot in the crowd silently mouthing "Wow!" during Joplin's performance. Cass Elliot ( September 19 1941 – July 29 1974) born Ellen Naomi Cohen, was a noted American Singer, best ^[4] Joplin's appearence, along with Jimi Hendrix, turned her into an overnight sensation and helped break Big Brother into the mainstream. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter

In November 1967, the group parted ways with Chet Helms and signed with top artist manager Albert Grossman. Albert Bernard Grossman ( May 21, 1926 - January 25, 1986) was an entrepreneur and manager in the American Folk music scene Up to this point, Big Brother had performed mainly in California, but had gained national prominence with their Monterey performance. On February 16, 1968,^[11] the group began its first East Coast tour in Philadelphia, and the following day gave their first performance in New York City at the Anderson Theater. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[2][4] On April 7, 1968, the last day of their East Coast tour, Joplin and Big Brother performed with Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, Joni Mitchell, Richie Havens, Paul Butterfield, and Elvin Bishop at the "Wake for Martin Luther King, Jr." concert in New York. Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter George "Buddy" Guy (born July 30, 1936) is a five-time Grammy Award-winning American Blues and rock Guitarist Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7 1943) is a Canadian Musician, Songwriter, and Richie Havens (born January 21, 1941) is an American folk Singer and Guitarist. Paul Butterfield ( December 17 1942 – May 4 1987) was an American Blues Harmonica player and Singer Elvin Bishop (born October 21 1942, Glendale, California) is an American Blues and Rock and roll Musician Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader

During the spring of 1968, Joplin and Big Brother made their nationwide television debut on an ABC daytime variety show hosted by Dick Cavett. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. Richard Alva "Dick" Cavett (born November 19, 1936) is an American former Television Talk show host known for his conversational Later, she made three appearances on the primetime Cavett program. During this time, the band was billed as "Janis Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company,"^[10] although the media coverage given to Joplin incurred resentment among the other members of the band. ^[10] The other members of Big Brother thought that Joplin was on a "star trip," while others were telling Joplin that Big Brother was a terrible band and that she ought to dump them. ^[10]

Time magazine called Joplin "probably the most powerful singer to emerge from the white rock movement," and Richard Goldstein, in Vogue magazine, wrote that Joplin was "the most staggering leading woman in rock. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. . . she slinks like tar, scowls like war. . . clutching the knees of a final stanza, begging it not to leave. . . Janis Joplin can sing the chic off any listener. "^[3]

Big Brother's second album, Cheap Thrills, featured a cover design by counterculture cartoonist Robert Crumb. Cheap Thrills is the second album from Big Brother and the Holding Company and their last album with Janis Joplin as primary lead vocalist Robert Dennis Crumb (born August 30, 1943) often credited simply as R Although Cheap Thrills sounded as if it was mostly "live," only one track ("Ball and Chain") was actually recorded live; the rest of the tracks were studio recordings. Cheap Thrills is the second album from Big Brother and the Holding Company and their last album with Janis Joplin as primary lead vocalist ^[2] The album had a raw quality, including the sound of a cocktail glass breaking and the broken shards being swept away during the song "Turtle Blues. " With the documentary film Monterey Pop released in late 1968, the album launched Joplin's successful, albeit short, musical career. ^[12]

Cheap Thrills gave the band a breakthrough hit single, "Piece of My Heart," which reached the number one spot on the Billboard charts eight weeks after its release, remaining for eight (nonconsecutive) weeks. Cheap Thrills is the second album from Big Brother and the Holding Company and their last album with Janis Joplin as primary lead vocalist " Piece of My Heart " is a song written by Jerry Ragovoy and Bert Berns and originally recorded by Erma Franklin in 1967 ^[12] The album was certified gold at release and sold over a million copies in the first month of its release. ^[6][10] Live at Winterland '68, recorded at the Winterland Ballroom on April 12 and 13, 1968, featured Joplin and Big Brother and the Holding Company at the height of their mutual career working through a selection of tracks from their albums. Live at Winterland '68 was a collaborative album when Janis Joplin was still with Big Brother and The Holding Company.

The band made another East Coast tour during July-August 1968, performing at the Columbia Records convention in Puerto Rico and the Newport Folk Festival. Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The Newport Folk Festival is an American annual folk -oriented Music festival in Newport Rhode Island, which began in 1959 After returning to San Francisco for two hometown shows at the Palace of Fine Arts Festival on August 31 and September 1, Joplin announced that she would be leaving Big Brother. For the opera house in Mexico City, see Palacio de Bellas Artes, and for the Palace of Fine Arts that was part of Chicago 's White The group continued touring through the fall and Joplin gave her last official performance with Big Brother at a Family Dog benefit on December 1, 1968. Chet Helms ( August 2 1942 – June 25 2005) often called the father of San Francisco's "1967 Summer of Love" was a Music promoter Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[2][4]

Solo career

After splitting from Big Brother, Joplin formed a new backup group, the Kozmic Blues Band. The band was influenced by the Stax-Volt Rhythm and Blues bands of the 1960's, as exemplified by Otis Redding and the Bar-Kays, who were major musical influences on Joplin. Stax Records is an American record label founded in 1957 originally based out of Memphis Tennessee. Otis Ray Redding Jr ( September 9, 1941 December 10, 1967) was an American soul singer The Bar-Kays are a popular soul, R&B, and Funk group which began performing in 1966 and continue to perform today although with only one ^[2][4][6] The Stax-Volt R&B sound was typified by the use of horns and had a more bluesy, funky, soul, pop-oriented sound than most of the hard-rock psychedelic bands of the period.

By early 1969, Joplin was addicted to heroin, allegedly shooting at least $200 worth of heroin per day,^[5] although efforts were made to keep her clean during the recording of I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! is a 1969 studio album by Janis Joplin. Gabriel Mekler, who produced the Kozmic Blues, told publicist-turned-biographer Myra Friedman after Joplin's death that the singer had lived in his house during the June 1969 recording sessions at his insistence so he could keep her away from drugs and her drug-using friends. ^[6]

The Kozmic Blues album, released in September of 1969, was certified gold later that year but did not match the success of Cheap Thrills. Cheap Thrills is the second album from Big Brother and the Holding Company and their last album with Janis Joplin as primary lead vocalist ^[12] Reviews of the new group were mixed. Some music critics, including Ralph Gleason of the San Francisco Chronicle, were negative. Ralph J Gleason (1917-1975 was an influential American Jazz and pop music critic The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H Gleason wrote that the new band was a "drag" and that Joplin should "scrap" her new band and "go right back to being a member of Big Brother. . . (if they'll have her). "^[2] Other reviewers, such as reporter Carl Bernstein of the Washington Post generally ignored the flaws and devoted entire articles to celebrating the singer's magic. Carl Bernstein (pronounced BERN-steen ˈbɜrnstiːn (born February 14, 1944) is an American journalist who as a reporter for The The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D

Joplin and the Kozmic Blues Band toured North America and Europe throughout 1969, appearing at Woodstock in August. By most accounts, Woodstock was not a happy affair for Joplin. ^[2][4][5] Faced with a ten hour wait after arriving at the festival, she shot heroin^[4][5] and was drinking alcohol, so by the time she hit the stage, she was "three sheets to the wind. "^[2] Joplin also had problems at Madison Square Garden where, as she told rock journalist David Dalton, the audience watched and listened to "every note [she sang] with 'Is she gonna make it?' in their eyes. Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, and known colloquially as The Garden, has been the name of four Arenas in New York City. "^[10] Joplin's performance was not included in the documentary film Woodstock although the 25th anniversary director's cut of Woodstock includes her performance of Work Me, Lord. ---- Woodstock (subtitled "3 Days of Peace & Music" is a 1970 documentary on the Woodstock Festival that took place in August 1969 ---- Woodstock (subtitled "3 Days of Peace & Music" is a 1970 documentary on the Woodstock Festival that took place in August 1969

At the end of the year, the group broke up. Their final gig with Joplin was at Madison Square Garden in New York City on the night of December 19-20, 1969. Madison Square Garden, often abbreviated as MSG, and known colloquially as The Garden, has been the name of four Arenas in New York City. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[2][10]

Full Tilt Boogie Band

In February 1970, Joplin traveled to Brazil, where she stopped her drug and alcohol use. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld She was accompanied on vacation there by her friend Linda Gravenites, who had designed the singer's stage costumes from 1966 to 1969. Joplin was romanced by an American schoolteacher named David (George) Niehaus, who was traveling around the world. They were photographed by the press at Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. ^[10] Gravenites also took photographs of the two during their Brazilian vacation and they appeared to be a "carefree, happy, healthy young couple" having a great time. ^[4]

Joplin began using heroin again when she returned to the United States. Her relationship with Niehaus soon ended because of the drugs, her relationship with Peggy Caserta and refusal to take some time off work and travel the world with him. ^[4] Around this time she formed her new band, the Full Tilt Boogie Band. ^[2][4][6] The band was comprised of mostly young Canadian musicians and featured an organ, but no horn section. Joplin took a more active role in putting together the Full Tilt Boogie Band than she did with her prior group. She was quoted as saying, "It's my band. Finally it's my band!"^[2]

The Full Tilt Boogie Band began touring in May 1970. Joplin remained quite happy with her new group, which received mostly positive feedback from both her fans and the critics. ^[2] Prior to beginning a summer tour with Full Tilt Boogie, she performed in a reunion with Big Brother at the Fillmore West in San Francisco on April 4, 1970. For the San Francisco neighborhood see Fillmore District. For other venues named Fillmore see Fillmore#Music venues. ^[13] Recordings from this concert were included in an in-concert album released posthumously in 1972. She again appeared with Big Brother on April 12 at Winterland where she and Big Brother were reported to be in excellent form. ^[4] By the time she began touring with Full Tilt Boogie, Joplin told people she was drug-free, but her drinking increased.

From June 28 to July 4, 1970, Joplin and Full Tilt joined the all-star Festival Express tour through Canada, performing alongside the Grateful Dead, Delaney and Bonnie, Rick Danko and The Band, Eric Andersen and Ian and Sylvia. Festival Express is a 2003 Rockumentary film about the legendary 1970 train tour across Canada taken by some of the world's biggest rock bands including The The Grateful Dead was an American rock band formed in 1965 in the San Francisco Bay Area. Delaney & Bonnie and Friends was a rock / Soul revue fronted by husband-and-wife singer/songwriters Delaney and Bonnie Bramlett. Richard Clare "Rick" Danko ( December 29, 1942 – December 10, 1999) was a Canadian musician and singer best known as a The Band was a rock group active from 1967 to 1976 and again from 1983 to 1999 Eric Andersen (born February 14, 1943) is an Norwegian - American Singer-songwriter. Ian and Sylvia Tyson, CM, were a Canadian Folk music duo who performed and recorded from the early 1960s through the early 1970s ^[4] They played concerts in Toronto, Winnipeg and Calgary. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada ^[4][10] Footage of her performance of the song "Tell Mama" in Calgary became an MTV video in the 1980s and was included on the 1982 Farewell Song album. Calgary (ˈkælgəriː is the largest city in the Province of Alberta, Canada MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. The audio of other Festival Express performances were included on that 1972 Joplin In Concert album. Video of the performances was included on the Festival Express DVD. Festival Express is a 2003 Rockumentary film about the legendary 1970 train tour across Canada taken by some of the world's biggest rock bands including The

In the "Tell Mama" video shown on MTV in the 1980's, Joplin wore a psychedelically colored loose-fitting costume and feathers in her hair. This was her standard stage costume in the spring and summer of 1970. She chose the new costumes after her friend and designer, Linda Gravenites (whom Joplin had praised in the May 1968 issue of Vogue), cut ties with Joplin shortly after their return from Brazil, due largely to Joplin's continued use of heroin. Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. ^[2][4]

During the Festival Express tour, Joplin was accompanied by Rolling Stone writer, David Dalton, who would later write several articles and a book on Joplin. Festival Express is a 2003 Rockumentary film about the legendary 1970 train tour across Canada taken by some of the world's biggest rock bands including The Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published She told Dalton:

“

I'm a victim of my own insides. There was a time when I wanted to know everything. . . It used to make me very unhappy, all that feeling. I just didn't know what to do with it. But now I've learned to make that feeling work for me. I'm full of emotion and I want a release, and if you're on stage and if it's really working and you've got the audience with you, it's a oneness you feel. [10]

”

Pearl

Among her last public appearances were two broadcasts of The Dick Cavett Show. The Dick Cavett Show has been the title of several Talk shows hosted by Dick Cavett on various Television networks including In the June 25, 1970 appearance, she announced that she would attend her ten-year high school class reunion. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "High school reunion" redirects here For other uses see High School Reunion. When asked if she were popular in school, she admitted that when in high school, her schoolmates "laughed me out of class, out of town and out of the state. "^[14] In the August 3, 1970 Cavett broadcast, Joplin referred to her upcoming performance at the Festival for Peace to be held at Shea Stadium in Queens, New York on August 6, 1970. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Festival for Peace was an all day concert event produced at Shea Stadium in Queens NY on August 6 1970 William A Shea Municipal Stadium, usually shortened to Shea Stadium or just Shea (ʃeɪ̪ is a Stadium located in the New York City borough

Joplin attended the reunion on August 14, accompanied by fellow musician and friend Bob Neuwirth and road manager John Cooke, but it reportedly proved to be a rather unhappy experience for her. ^[15] Joplin held a press conference in Port Arthur during her reunion visit. Interviewed by Rolling Stone journalist Chet Flippo, she was reported to wear enough jewelry for a "Babylonian whore. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published "^[4] When asked by a reporter during the reunion if Joplin entertained at Thomas Jefferson High School when she was a student there, Joplin replied, "Only when I walked down the aisles. Thomas Jefferson High School may refer to high schools in the United States Thomas Jefferson High School (Denver Colorado Thomas Jefferson High "^[2][3] Joplin and her mother, Dorothy, had bitter words during Joplin's visit. Dorothy Joplin lashed out at her daughter and said, "I wish you'd never been born!" during a particularly contentious altercation between the two. ^[2] Joplin attempted to denigrate Port Arthur and the people who'd humiliated her a decade earlier in high school, but her attempts backfired and made her visit an outright fiasco. ^[2]

Joplin's last public performance, with the Full Tilt Boogie Band, took place on August 12, 1970 at the Harvard Stadium in Boston, Massachusetts. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Harvard Stadium is a Horseshoe -shaped football Stadium in the Allston neighborhood of Boston Massachusetts, in the United States A positive review appeared on the front page of the Harvard Crimson newspaper despite the fact that Full Tilt Boogie performed with makeshift sound amplifiers after their regular equipment was stolen in Boston. The Harvard Crimson, the daily Student newspaper of Harvard University, was founded in 1873 ^[6]

During September 1970, Joplin and her band began recording a new album in Los Angeles with producer Paul A. Rothchild, who had produced recordings for The Doors. Paul A Rothchild ( April 18, 1935 - March 30, 1995) was a prominent American Record producer of the late 1960s and 1970s This article is about the band For their self-titled debut album see The Doors (album; for the Oliver Stone film see The Doors (film; for Doors in computing Although Joplin died before all the tracks were fully completed, there was still enough usable material to compile an LP. "Mercedes Benz" was included despite it being a first take, and the track "Buried Alive In The Blues", to which Joplin had been scheduled to add her vocals on the day she was found dead, was kept as an instrumental. "Mercedes Benz", also known as "The Politician", is an A cappella song sung by Janis Joplin, in which she asks the " Lord

The result was the posthumously released Pearl (1971). Pearl is an album by Janis Joplin, released on February 1 1971 - four months after her death from a Heroin Overdose. It became the biggest selling album of her career^[12] and featured her biggest hit single, a cover of Kris Kristofferson's "Me and Bobby McGee", as well as the social commentary of the a cappella "Mercedes Benz", written by Joplin, close friend and song writer Bob Neuwirth and beat poet Michael McClure. " Me and Bobby McGee " is a song written by Kris Kristofferson and Fred Foster, originally performed by Roger Miller, but best remembered for A cappella (Italian or Latin "From the chapel/choir" Music is Vocal music or Singing without instrumental Accompaniment "Mercedes Benz", also known as "The Politician", is an A cappella song sung by Janis Joplin, in which she asks the " Lord Bob Neuwirth is an American Singer, Songwriter, Record producer and visual artist Michael McClure (born October 20 1932 in Marysville Kansas) is an American Poet, Playwright, Songwriter and In 2003, Pearl was ranked #122 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

During the recording sessions for Pearl, Joplin began seeing Seth Morgan, a 21 year-old Berkeley student, cocaine dealer and future novelist;^[2][4][5] and checked into the Landmark Motel in Los Angeles to begin recording the Pearl album. Seth Morgan (1949-October 17 1990 was an American Novelist, the author of Homeboy, published in 1990 Pearl is an album by Janis Joplin, released on February 1 1971 - four months after her death from a Heroin Overdose. ^[2][4][6] She and Morgan became engaged to be married in early September^[3] and Joplin threw herself into the recording of songs for her new album.

Death

The last recordings Joplin completed were "Mercedes Benz" and a birthday greeting for John Lennon ("Happy Trails", composed by Dale Evans) on October 1, 1970. "Mercedes Benz", also known as "The Politician", is an A cappella song sung by Janis Joplin, in which she asks the " Lord John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born "Happy Trails", by Dale Evans Rogers, was the Theme song for the 1940s and 1950s radio program and the 1950s television show starring Roy Dale Evans was the Stage name of Frances Octavia Smith ( October 31, 1912 – February 7, 2001) a writer movie star Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lennon, whose birthday was October 9, later told Dick Cavett that her taped greeting arrived at his home after her death. Richard Alva "Dick" Cavett (born November 19, 1936) is an American former Television Talk show host known for his conversational On Saturday, October 3, Joplin visited the Sunset Sound Studios^[4] in Los Angeles to listen to the instrumental track for Nick Gravenites' song "Buried Alive In The Blues" prior to recording the vocal track, scheduled for the next day. Nicholas George Gravenites (born October 2, 1938 in Chicago, Illinois) known as Nick "The Greek" Gravenites and Gravy ^[10] When she failed to show up at the studio by Sunday afternoon, producer Paul Rothchild became concerned. Full Tilt Boogie's road manager, John Cooke, drove to the Landmark Motor Hotel (since renamed the Highland Gardens Hotel) where Joplin had been a guest since August 24. ^[16] He saw Joplin's psychedelically painted Porsche still in the parking lot. Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch Upon entering her room, he found her dead on the floor. The official cause of death was an overdose of heroin, possibly combined with the effects of alcohol. Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative

Joplin was cremated in the Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Mortuary in Los Angeles, and her ashes scattered from a plane into the Pacific Ocean and along Stinson Beach. Cremation is the act of reducing a Corpse by burning, generally in a crematorium furnace or crematory fire The Pierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery is located at 1218 Glendon Avenue in the Westwood Village area of Los Angeles, California. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Stinson Beach California is an unincorporated community in Marin County, California, on the west coast of the United States. The only funeral service was held at Pierce Brothers and attended by Joplin's parents and maternal aunt. ^[17]

Legacy

Joplin's body decoration, with a wristlet and a small heart on her left breast, by the San Francisco tattoo artist Lyle Tuttle, is taken as a seminal moment in the tattoo revolution and was an early moment in the popular culture's acceptance of tattoos as art. ^[18] Another trademark was her flamboyant hair styles, often including colored streaks and accessories such as scarves, beads and feathers.

The 1979 film, The Rose, was loosely based on Joplin's life. The Rose is a 1979 musical - Drama film which tells the story of a self-destructive 1960s rock star who struggles to cope with ^[19] Bette Midler earned an Academy Award nomination as Best Actress for her performance. Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is anAmerican Singer, Actress and Comedian, also known (as her informal stage name as "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film.

In the late 1990s, the musical play Love, Janis was created with input from Janis' younger sister Laura plus Big Brother guitarist Sam Andrew, with an aim to take it to Off-Broadway. Love Janis is the musical stage show about the life and music of rock and roll singer Janis Joplin, which debuted in 2006 Sam Andrew (born Sam Houston Andrew III, 18 December 1941, in Taft California, U ^[20] Opening in the summer of 2001 and scheduled for only a few weeks of performances, the show won acclaim and packed houses and was held over several times, the demanding role of the singing Janis attracting rock vocalists from relative unknowns to pop stars Laura Branigan (1957-2004) and Beth Hart. Laura Branigan (July 3 1957 – August 26 2004 was an American singer and actress of Irish ancestry Beth Hart (born January 24, 1972) is an American Singer who became famous with the hit " LA Song (Out of This Town " ^[20] A national tour followed. Gospel According to Janis, a biographical film starring Zooey Deschanel as Joplin was scheduled to begin shooting in early 2007 but was postponed indefinitely. Zooey Claire Deschanel (born January 17 1980 is an American actress, Musician and Singer. ^[21]

In 1988, the Janis Joplin Memorial, with an original bronze, multi-image sculpture of Joplin by Douglas Clark, was dedicated in Port Arthur, Texas. Douglas Clark is an American sculptor Native to Edna, Texas, he grew up near Port Arthur.

Joplin was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, and was given a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is awarded by the Recording Academy to "performers who during their lifetimes have made creative contributions of outstanding Among the artifacts at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Museum Exhibition are Joplin's scarf and necklaces, her 1965 Cabriolet Porsche with psychedelically designed painting, and an acid sheet designed by Robert Crumb, designer of the Cheap Thrills cover. Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch Modern psychedelia For "psychedelics" see Psychedelic drug. Robert Dennis Crumb (born August 30, 1943) often credited simply as R ^[22]

Joplin in film and song

• The Mamas & the Papas wrote a song about Janis Joplin entitled "Pearl", and released it as part of their 1971 album, People Like Us. The Mamas & the Papas (credited as The Mama's and the Papa's on the debut album cover were a Vocal group of the 1960s. People Like Us is the fifth and final studio album released by The Mamas and The Papas in 1971, three years after the group originally split
• Joplin's premature death is the subject of Dory Previn's song "A Stone for Bessie Smith", which appears on Previn's 1971 album Mythical Kings and Iguanas. Dory Previn, née Dorothy Veronica Langan (born 22 October 1925 or 1929 is an American Lyricist, Singer-songwriter and Poet Mythical Kings and Iguanas was the second solo LP by Dory Previn, released in early 1971 The lyric sheet of this record refers to a televised conversation between Joplin and actress Gloria Swanson. Gloria Swanson (March 27 1899 – April 4 1983 was an Academy Award -nominated Golden Globe -winning American Hollywood
• In the 2007 movie Across the Universe, a Joplin-like character is portrayed as Sadie, played by Dana Fuchs. Across the Universe is a 2007 Musical film directed by Julie Taymor, produced by Revolution Studios, and distributed by Columbia Pictures Dana Fuchs ( January 10, 1976) is an American singer songwriter actress and voice over talent most famous for her role as Sadie in the 2007 film
• In the 2009 film Lives and Deaths of the Poets, Janis Joplin is portrayed by Terria Monay. Lives and Deaths of the Poets is an upcoming Comedy film written & directed by Leland Steigs and due to be released in 2009.
• "In the Quiet Morning" by Joan Baez recounts the moment the folk singer heard the news about Joplin's death. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known
• Leonard Cohen's song "Chelsea Hotel #2", with the line "You told me again you preferred handsome men but for me you would make an exception", was inspired by his brief affair with Joplin. Leonard Norman Cohen CC GOQ (born September 21, 1934 in Westmount, Quebec) is a Canadian Singer-songwriter ^[23]
• The Grateful Dead wrote "Bird Song" inspired by Janis. The first two lines being "All I know is something like a bird within her sang. All I know she sang a little while and then flew on". The songs lyricist Robert Hunter included the dedication ". . . for Janis" with the lyric in his book "Box of Rain".
• Don McLean alludes to Janis Joplin in his song "American Pie" with the lines "I met a girl who sang the blues / And I asked her for some happy news, / But she just smiled and turned away". Donald McLean (born October 2 1945 in New Rochelle New York) is an American Singer-songwriter.

Discography

Janis Joplin & Jorma Kaukonen

Title	Release date	Label	Notes
The Typewriter Tape	1964		bootleg recording

Big Brother and the Holding Company

Title	Release date	Label	Notes
Big Brother & the Holding Company	1967	Mainstream Records
Big Brother & the Holding Company	1967?	Columbia	Contains 2 extra single tracks
Big Brother & the Holding Company	1967, CD 1999	Columbia Legacy CK66425	Contains 2 extra single tracks
Cheap Thrills	1968	Columbia	2x Multi-Platinum RIAA
Cheap Thrills	1968, CD 1999	Legacy CK65784	Contains 4 extra tracks
Live at Winterland '68	1998	Columbia Legacy	ASIN: B000007TSP

Kozmic Blues Band

Title	Release date	Label	Notes
I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!	1969	Columbia	Platinum RIAA
I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama!	1969, CD 1999	Legacy CK65785	Contains 3 extra tracks

Full Tilt Boogie

Title	Release date	Label	Notes
Pearl	1971	Columbia	posthumous, 4x Multi-Platinum RIAA
Pearl	1971, CD unknown date	Columbia CD64188
Pearl	1971, CD 1999	Legacy CK65786	Contains 4 extra tracks
Pearl	1971, 2CD 2005	Legacy COL 515134 2	CD1 - 6 other extra tracks CD2 - full selection from The Festival Express Tour, 3 venues

Big Brother & the Holding Company / Full Tilt Boogie

Title	Release date	Label	Notes
Joplin: In Concert	1972	Legacy CK65786	ASIN: B0000024Y7

Later collections

Title	Release date	Label	Notes
Janis Joplin's Greatest Hits	1973	Columbia	ASIN B00000K2W1, 7x Multi-Platinum RIAA
Janis	1975	CBS	2 discs, Gold RIAA
Anthology	1980		2 discs
Farewell Song	1983	Columbia Records	ASIN: B000W44S8E
Cheaper Thrills	1984	Fan Club	ASIN: B000LYA9X8
Janis	1993	Columbia Legacy	3 discs - ASIN: B00000286P
18 Essential Songs	1995	Columbia Legacy	ASIN: B000002B1A, Gold RIAA
The Collection	1995	3 Discs	ASIN: B000BM6ATW
Live at Woodstock: August 19, 1969	1999
Box of Pearls	1999	Sony Legacy	5 Discs - ASIN: B0009YNSK6
Super Hits	2000	Sony	ASIN: B00004T1E6
Love, Janis	2001	Sony	ASIN: B00005EBIN
Essential Janis Joplin	2003	Sony	ASIN: B00007MB6Y
Very Best of Janis Joplin	2007	Import	ASIN: B000026A35

See also

• Music of Austin
• List of number-one hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)

References

Further reading

• Amburn, Ellis. Pearl: The Obsessions and Passions of Janis Joplin: A Biography. NY: Warner Books, 1992. ISBN 0-446-39506-4.
• Caserta, Peggy. Going Down with Janis: Janis Joplin's Intimate Story. Dell: 1974. ASIN: B000NSBNMI.
• Dalton, David. Piece of my Heart: A Portrait of Janis Joplin. NY: Da Capo Press, 1991. ISBN 0-306-80446-8.
• Echols, Alice. Scars of Sweet Paradise: The Life and Times of Janis Joplin. NY: Henry Holt, 1999. ISBN 0-8050-5394-8.
• Friedman, Myra. (1992). Buried Alive: The Biography of Janis Joplin. NY: Harmony Books. ISBN 0-517-58650-9.
• Joplin, Laura. Love, Janis. NY: Villard Books, 1992. ISBN 1-888358-08-4.
• Stieven-Taylor, Alison. Rock Chicks. Sydney: Rockpool Publishing, 2007. ISBN 9781921295065.

Samples

External links

• Official website by the Joplin estate
• Janis Joplin at the Internet Movie Database
• Janis Joplin at All Music Guide
• Janis Joplin at Find A Grave
• Janis Joplin biography at Fyne Times
• Biography at The Handbook of Texas Online
• JohnGilmore.com: Spotlight on Janis Joplin
• Janis Joplin's Kozmic Blues - janisjoplin.net
• Canadian Classic Rock Page: The Full Tilt Boogie Band
• Janis Joplin – Museum of the Gulf Coast, Port Arthur, Texas
• Janis Joplin at the 1968 Newport Folk Festival Twelve photographs of Janis Joplin in performance by Bruce Jackson. allmusic (previously All Music Guide) is a Metadata database about music owned by All Media Guide. Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records Fyne Times is a UK based free Gay and Lesbian magazine with five regional editions that was established in September 2001

Persondata
NAME	Joplin, Janis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Joplin, Janis Lyn
SHORT DESCRIPTION	American musician
DATE OF BIRTH	January 19, 1943
PLACE OF BIRTH	Port Arthur, Texas, United States
DATE OF DEATH	October 4, 1970
PLACE OF DEATH	Los Angeles, California, United States

Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Port Arthur is a city in Jefferson County within the Beaumont &ndashPort Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area of the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

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