King Jangsu of Goguryeo (394 - 491, r. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The name at birth is the name a child is given by his or her Parents according to a generally universal custom, and legal requirement to file a form of Birth Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or Temple names and reign dates Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (58 - 19 BCE r 37 – 19 BCE"Dongmyeongseongwang"(東明聖王 also known by his birth name Jumong, was the founding Monarch King Yuri (? - 18 CE r 19 BCE - 18 CE was the second ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Daemusin of Goguryeo (4-44 r 18-44 was the third ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Minjung of Goguryeo (? - 48 r 44-48 was the fourth ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Mobon of Goguryeo (? - 53 r 48-53 was the fifth king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Taejo of Goguryeo (47? - 165 r 53 - 146 was the sixth monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Chadae of Goguryeo (71&ndash165 r 146&ndash165 was the seventh ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Sindae of Goguryeo (89-179 r 165-179 was the eighth ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Gogukcheon of Goguryeo (? - 197 r 179-197 was the ninth Monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Sansang of Goguryeo (? - 227 r 197 - 227 was the 10th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Dongcheon of Goguryeo (209 - 248 r 227-248 was the 11th monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Jungcheon of Goguryeo (224-270 r 248-270 was the 12th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Seocheon of Goguryeo (?-292 r 270-292 was the 13th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Bongsang of Goguryeo (?-300 r 292-300 was the 14th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Micheon of Goguryeo (? - 331 r 300-331 was the 15th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Gogugwon of Goguryeo (?-371 r 331-371 was the 16th king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Sosurim of Goguryeo (?-384 r 371-384 was the 17th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Gogugyang of Goguryeo (?-391 r 384-391 was the 18th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Munjamyeong of Goguryeo (? - 519 r 491-519 was the 21st monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Anjang of Goguryeo (?-531 r 519-531 was the 22nd ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Anwon of Goguryeo (?-545 r 531-545 was the 23rd ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Yangwon of Goguryeo (?-559 r 545-559 was the 24th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Pyeongwon of Goguryeo (ruled 559&mdash590 was a 6th century Korean monarch the 25th ruler of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea King Yeong-yang of Goguryeo (?-618 r 590-618 was the 26th king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Yeongnyu of Goguryeo (b ??? - 642 r618 — 642 was the 27th king of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Bojang of Goguryeo (?-682 r 642-668 was the 28th and last king of Goguryeo the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. 413 - 491) was the 20th monarch of Goguryeo, the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula He was born in 394, the eldest son of King Gwanggaeto the Great. He became crown prince in 408, and upon his father's death in 413, became king at the age of 19.

He reigned over the peak of Goguryeo's power, building on his father's territorial expansion. He is also noted for the Gwanggaeto Stele. The Stele of King Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo was erected in 414 by King Jangsu as a memorial to his deceased father His posthumous name means "long life. "

Early reign

At first, Jangsu dedicated much of his efforts towards stabilizing a kingdom that had experienced great and sudden growth, a direct result of his father's conquests. Jangsu had built a magnificent tomb for his father, and along with it an imposing 4 meter tall tombstone engraved with his father's accomplishments (now known as the Gwanggaeto Stele). The Stele of King Gwanggaeto of Goguryeo was erected in 414 by King Jangsu as a memorial to his deceased father Of such imposing dimensions was the tomb and its grounds it needed 330 people to tend it at all times. Jangsu called for 330 men from different regions and tribal backgrounds to guard and clean the tomb in perpetuity, demonstrating the effective consolidation of the Goguryeo kingdom and monarch's power at the time of Jangsu's succession.

In 427, he transferred the Goguryeo capital to Pyeongyang from Guknae seong (modern Ji'an on the China-Korean border) Many modern Chinese historians argue that since the early Goguryeo capital was located in what is now China, the history of that kingdom prior to 427 should be regarded as Chinese history). Events By Place Asia Pyongyang is declared the capital of Goguryeo by king Jangsu. Pyongyang (pʰjʌŋjaŋ is the Capital and largest City of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at. Gungnae-seong was the second capital city of the ancient Korean Kingdom of Goguryeo. Ji'an ( is a County-level city in Jilin province People's Republic of China. There were various reasons for this shift: to prepare for the offensive against Baekje and Silla in the south and to create a greater and more magnificent capital befitting a kingdom that had experienced large-scale expansion. Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE or Paekche, was a kingdom located in southwest Korea Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. After moving the capital southward, King Jangsu decided to continue the conquests of his father.

Northwestern campaign

At the time China was invaded by five foreign races and divided into Sixteen Kingdoms. For the city see Wuhu. For the history of each of the Wu Hu tribes see Sixteen Kingdoms. The Sixteen Kingdoms ( or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereign states in China proper and its neighboring areas Later Yan Dynasty, which was based on present-day Liaoning Province, was defeated so heavily by Gwanggaeto the Great's forces and finally came to an end in 408. The Later Yan ( 383 - 407 or 409) was a Murong - Xianbei state locate in north-east of current China during the era of Sixteen ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. After the fall of Later Yan, Han Chinese drove Murong clan of Xianbei northward and established Northern Yan Kingdom in the area. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Murong ( is a Chinese compound surname. It is mostly known as the family name of the Chinese/ Xianbei states Former Yan, Later Yan, Western The Xianbei ( were a significant nomadic people residing in Manchuria and eastern Mongolia, or Xianbei Shan. The Northern Yan ( 407 or 409 - 436) was a State of Han Chinese during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China. However, Northern Yan was no match for Xianbei Northern Wei Dynasty, which unified most of northern China. The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 Pinyin: běi wèi 386 - 534) also known as the Tuoba Wei (拓拔魏 Later Wei (後魏 or Then Northern Yan began to seek alliances with Goguryeo, which had greater power than itself and which also can fight equally against Northern Wei. In 436 Goguryeo cavalry arrived in Northern Yan and eventually drove Xianbeis away.

Song Dynasty during the era, which was in the feud against Northern Wei, encouraged both Northern Yan and Goguryeo as rivaling nations of Northern Wei. The Song Dynasty (宋朝 Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung ( 420 – 479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China However, the plan did not work out all right as Jangsu turned against them and destroyed Northern Yan in 438. He conquered the entire region and held its ex-king as captive. Song court was outraged and warned King Jangsu that the death of Yan king means the war between two nations; However Jangsu ignored the warning and executed the king. Song troops then attacked Goguryeo but easily defeated. The peace resumed in the following year when Jangsu sent 800 horses as gift to the Song Emperor, to prepare for the war against Northern Wei, so Goguryeo can concentrate its forces against Baekje and Silla while two Chinese powers were in war against each other. Jangsu again encouraged Song to invade Wei in 459 when he sent loads of crossbows and provided gold and silver. A crossbow is a Weapon consisting of a bow mounted on a stock that shoots projectiles often called bolts Wei government was upset by his actions but had to keep peace with Goguryeo to continue war against Song and Rouran. Rouran ( Wade-Giles: Jou-jan) Ruanruan/Ruru ( also known as Tan Tan ( was the name of a confederation of Nomadic tribes on Jangsu also seek relationship with Wei to wage war against Baekje, so the two empires established formal relationship in 435.

Southern expansion

In 472, King Gaero of Baekje sent a letter to the emperor of Northern Wei. Gaero of Baekje (?-475 455-475 was the 21st king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. He stated that he was having trouble interacting with Wei because of frequent Goguryeo intervention, thus calling for military action against Goguryeo.

King Jangsu also seek for the chance to invade southern kingdoms of Korea, Baekje and Silla. While Northern Wei and Song fighting each other, Jangsu secretly planned to attack Baekje, which still had significant power in the peninsula despite of its losses against Gwanggaeto the Great's invasions. To disarm Baekje, he sent a Buddhist monk named Dorim to Baekje. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Dorim went to King Gaero's court, with the secret objective of corrupting the country before the invasion of Goguryeo. Gaero of Baekje (?-475 455-475 was the 21st king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. King Gaero began to favor Dorim, and played Baduk(the board game) with him every day, instead of taking care of his government and kingdom. Eventually Baekje fell into sudden political corruption, and its defense was weakened significantly.

In 475, King Jangsu launched full-scale attack from both land and sea against Baekje. King Gaero was not prepared for the invasion since Dorim advised him not to prepare for Goguryeo invasion; Jangsu easily captured Baekje capital of Wiryesong, and slew King Gaero while Dorim safely escaped from the city. King Jangsu burnt down the capital to the ground, along with several cities that he conquered from Baekje(Baekje moved its capital to Ungjin (present day Gongju) to keep the kingdom alive). Ungjin, also known as Gomnaru ( Hangul: 곰나루 literally " Bear port" is a former city on the Korean Peninsula. Gongju ( Gongju-si) also spelt Kongju, is a city in South Chungcheong province South Korea. The war gave Goguryeo the control of Han River valley, the region initial to the commerce and military on Korean Peninsula; Baekje was able to be a superior nation on the peninsula because it had the control of the region for almost 500 years, but since the ruler of the area changed, it lost the control of the peninsula.

Jangsu invaded Silla as well as Baekje. After completing his campaigns against both southern kingdoms, he erected a stone monument in present-day Chungju, praising the accomplishments of his father and himself. Chungju is a city in North Chungcheong province South Korea. Namsan is a mountain located in the city The monument marked the border between southern kingdoms and Goguryeo; and it still remains in the same site.

Relations with China and Rourans

In 479, Jangsu sent delegate to Rouran to establish friendly relationship. As a resuit, Rouran Khagan gave up the large territory which were spread in present-day Mongolia. For other titles related to and uses of Khan, see that article Origin The title Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East After settling peace with Rourans, Jangsu attacked the Khitans, then a branch of Xianbei confederacy at the time. The Khitan (or Khitai,) were a Nomadic people, located in Mongolia and modern Manchuria (Northeast China from the 4th century dominating much of it

After Khitans surrendered to Goguryeo, Jangsu sent gifts to both Northern Wei and Southern Qi, which took over southern half of China after overthrowing Song in 479. The Southern Qi Dynasty 齊朝 ( Pinyin: Qí cháo ( 479 - 502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Both Qi and Wei tried to tighten Goguryeo's relationship with them; Wei emperors treated Goguryeo delegates equal to Chinese delegates. However, King Jangsu continued to keep good relationship with Qi; the attitude further outraged Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei again, and at last he gave order to kidnap the Goguryeo delegate before he gets to Qi capital. Early life and regency of Emperor Xianwen Tuoba Hong was born in 467 when his father Emperor Xianwen was himself young -- at the age of 13 and not yet ruling by himself However Jangsu sent delegates again to Qi, and Northern Wei could not block Jangsu from causing Southern Dynasties to attack it.

While communicating with both nations, he also plundered gifts from Japanese to the Southern Dynasties. As well as King Gaero, who sent letter to Wei court asking for troops, rulers of Silla, Gaya, and Japan also grieved for Goguryeo's power in East Asia, which actually controlled entire foreign relations of the region. Gaya was a confederacy of territorial polities in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, growing out of the Byeonhan confederacy of the Samhan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

The "Tomb of the General" in Ji'an, China, former capital of Goguryeo. The Tomb of the General ( Korean: Janggun-chong Chinese: Jiangjun-zhong also known as the Pyramid of the East, is thought to be the burial tomb Ji'an ( is a County-level city in Jilin province People's Republic of China. Chinese scholars posit this to be the tomb of King Jangsu and his consort, though many Korean scholars argue Jangsu's tomb is in Pyongyang, where Jangsu had moved the capital in 427 (Sept. Pyongyang (pʰjʌŋjaŋ is the Capital and largest City of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at. 2001).

Death and legacy

King Jangsu died in 491, at the age of 97. His temple name means "long life" in hanja. Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean ( Goryeo and Joseon periods and Vietnamese (such dynasties as Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated During his reign, Goguryeo was at its golden age, stretching from Mongolia to Chungju.

Together with his father King Gwanggaeto the Great, he is also sometimes referred to as King Jangsu the Great.

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• History of Korea
• Three Kingdoms of Korea
• List of Korean monarchs