A stamp issued 1979 in Iran commemorating al-Kāshī. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd ibn Masʾūd al-Kāshī (or Jamshīd Kāshānī) (c. 1380 Kashan, Iran – 22 June 1429 Samarkand, Transoxania) was a Persian astronomer and mathematician. Kashan is a city in the province of Isfahan, Iran. It had an estimated population of 272359 in 2005. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Transoxiana (sometimes spelled Transoxania "河中“Chinese / Ma Wara'un-Nahr ( Arabic: ما وراء النهر / Farārood (فرارود layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Historically Astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky while Astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics.

Al-Kashi was one of the best mathematicians in the Islamic world. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings He was born in 1380, in Kashan, which lies in a desert to the southeast of the Central Iranian range. Kashan is a city in the province of Isfahan, Iran. It had an estimated population of 272359 in 2005. This region was controlled by Tamurlane, better known as Timur, who was more interested in invading other areas than taking care of what he had. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among Due to this, al-Kashi lived in poverty during his childhood and the beginning years of his adulthood.

The situation changed for the better when Timur died in 1405, and his son, Shah Rokh, ascended into power. See Shahrukh Khan for the actor of that name Shāhrukh Mīrzā ( - Šāhrukh Mīrzā, also known as Shāhruh Shah Rokh and his wife, Goharshad, a Persian princess, were very interested in the sciences, and they encouraged their court to study the various fields in great depth. Goharshād ( Gowharšād; meaning "joyful jewel" or "shining jewel" in Persian alternative spelling Gawharshād) was a Persian Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Their son, Ulugh Beg, was enthusiastic about science as well, and made some noted contributions in mathematics and astronomy himself. Ulugh Beg ( Chaghatay / - also Uluğ Bey, Ulugh Bek and Ulug Bek) (c Consequently, the period of their power became one of many scholarly accomplishments. This was the perfect environment for al-Kashi to begin his career as one of the world’s greatest mathematicians.

When he came into power, Ulugh Beg constructed the world’s most prestigious university at the time. Students from all over the Middle East, and beyond, flocked to this academy in Samarkand, the capital of Ulugh Beg’s empire. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Consequently, Ulugh Beg harvested many, many great mathematicians and scientists of the Muslim world. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings In 1414, al-Kashi took this opportunity to contribute vast amounts of knowledge to his people. His best work was done in the court of Ulugh Beg, and it is said that he was the king’s favourite student.

Al-Kashi was still working on his book, called “Risala al-watar wa’l-jaib” meaning “The Treatise on the Chord and Sine”, when he died in 1429. Some scholars believe that Ulugh Beg may have ordered his murder, while others say he died a natural death. The details are rather unclear.

In French, the Law of cosines is named Théorème d'Al-Kashi (Theorem of Al-Kashi), after Kashi's efforts to unify existing works on the subject. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people In Trigonometry, the law of cosines (also known as Al-Kashi law or the cosine formula or cosine rule) is a statement about a general

In discussing decimal fractions, Struik states that (p. The decimal ( base ten or occasionally denary) Numeral system has ten as its base. Dirk Jan Struik ( September 30, 1894 &ndash October 21, 2000) was a Dutch Mathematician and Marxian 7):^[1]

"The introduction of decimal fractions as a common computational practice can be dated back to the Flemish pamphelet De Thiende, published at Leyden in 1585, together with a French translation, La Disme, by the Flemish mathematician Simon Stevin (1548-1620), then settled in the Northern Netherlands. The Flemish Region ( Dutch: Vlaams Gewest) is one of the three official regions of the Kingdom of Belgium alongside the Walloon Region "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. Simon Stevin (1548/49 &ndash 1620 was a Flemish Mathematician and Engineer. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands It is true that decimal fractions were used by the Chinese many centuries before Stevin and that the Persian astronomer Al-Kāshī used both decimal and sexagesimal fractions with great ease in his Key to arithmetic (Samarkand, early fifteenth century). The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong Sexagesimal ( base-sixty) is a Numeral system with sixty as the base. ^[2]"

Further, in considering the Pascal triangle, Struik notes that (p. \begin{matrix}&&&&&1\\&&&&1&&1\\&&&1&&2&&1\\&&1&&3&&3&&1\\&1&&4&&6&&4&&1\end{matrix 21):^[3]

"The Pascal triangle appears for the first time (so far as we know at present) in a book of 1261 written by Yang Hui, one of the mathematicians of the Sung dynasty in China. Yang Hui ( ca 1238–1298 Courtesy name Qianguang (谦光 was a Chinese Mathematician from Qiantang (modern Hangzhou The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ^[4] The properties of binomial coefficients were discussed by the Persian mathematician Jamshid Al-Kāshī in his Key to arithmetic of c. 1425. ^[5] Both in China and Persia the knowledge of these properties may be much older. This knowledge was shared by some of the Renaissance mathematicians, and we see Pascal's triangle on the title page of Peter Apian's German arithmetic of 1527. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Blaise Pascal (blɛz paskal (June 19 1623 &ndash August 19 1662 was a French Mathematician, Physicist, and religious Philosopher Petrus Apianus ( April 16, 1495 &ndash April 21, 1552; also known as Peter Apian) was a German The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. After this we find the triangle and the properties of binomial coefficients in several other authors. ^[6]"

Notes

See also

• History of numerical approximations of π

References

• O'Connor, John J. This page is about the history of numerical approximations of the Mathematical constant &pi. & Robertson, Edmund F. , “Ghiyath al-Din Jamshid Mas'ud al-Kashi”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive 

External links

• A summary of "Miftah al-Hisab"
• About Jamshid Kashani