Jamiat-e Islami (also rendered as Jamiat-e-Islami, Jamiati Islami), is an Islamic political party in Afghanistan along the line of the Jamaat-e-Islami of Pakistan and Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Jamaat-e-Islami ( Urdu: جماعتِ اسلامی, " Islamic Block " Jamaat, JI) is an Islamist Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Muslim Brothers ( Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimūn, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Jamiat-e Islami means "Islamic society" in the Persian language (its Dari variant is co-official in Afghanistan) and is also known as just Jamiat for short. Jamiat is the oldest Islamic political party in Afghanistan. It has a communitarian ideology based on Islamic law but is also considered moderately progressive. Communitarianism, as a group of related but distinct philosophies began in the late 20th century opposing in its opinion exalted forms of Individualism while advocating phenomena Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan and the following civil war in Afghanistan, Jamiat-e Islami was one of the most powerful of the mujahideen groups. The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving The Civil war in Afghanistan, also known as Afghan Civil War, began in 1978 and has continued A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or The majority of the party are ethnic Tajiks of northern and western Afghanistan. Tajik ( - Tādjīk; UniPers: Tâjik; Cyrillic: Тоҷик is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking people of Since 1968 the official leader of Jamiat has been Burhanuddin Rabbani, although his actual power within the party has fluctuated. Burhanuddin Rabbani ( - Burhânuddîn Rabbânî) (born 1940 an ethnic Tajik, is a former President of Afghanistan.
History
In 1979 Ahmed Shah Massoud, who had joined Jamiat as a university student, organised a mujahideen group in the Panjshir Valley to fight against the communist Government and their Soviet allies. Ahmad Shah Massoud ( (2 September 1953 &ndash 9 September 2001 was a Tajik Kabul University engineering student turned military leader who played a leading This group grew to control multiple provinces and include thousands of fighters. The Soviet Army launched a series of major offensives to attempt to destroy the Jamiat forces, but they were unable to engage most of Massoud's men. After the withdrawal of the Soviet troops in 1988, the mujahideen groups continued to wear down the government forces; in 1992 the communist government collapsed entirely. Massoud's forces were among the first to enter Kabul. Beneath Massoud the principal military commanders were Mohammed Fahim, Bismillah Khan, Gul Haider, Baba Jalander, Shahid Panah and Shahid Tariq of Parwan. Marshal Mohammad Qasim Fahim ( محمد قسيم فهيم) (born 1957 in Omarz, Afghanistan) is a prominent Military Commander and Politician For the Indian shehnai musician see Bismillah Khan General Bismillah Mohammadi Khan (or simply Bismillah Khan) is the Chief of Staff Gul Haider (or Gul Haidar) is a former official in the ministry of defense of Hamid Karzai 's Afghan government Shaheed Mohammad Panah was a prominent Afghan military commander loyal to Ahmad Shah Massoud.
Meanwhile, negoitiations among the leadership of various mujahideen groups led to a tentative agreement to appoint Rabbani, who had spent the civil war in exile, as interim President. Disputes between Gulbudin Hekmatyar and the Jamiat leadership, combined with tensions between the other major Mujahideen factions, soon led to a resumption of fighting within Kabul. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar ( ګلبدین حکمتیار) (born 1947 is an Islamist Mujahideen leader and former warlord. This led to massive civilian casualties and destruction of much of the city. Jamiat retained control of Kabul, pushing back a coalition of Hekmatyar's Hezb-e Islami, the primarily Hazara group Hizb-e-Wahdat and Abdul Rashid Dostum's Jumbish-i-Milli Islami. Hizb-e Islami (also Hezbi Islami, Hezb-i-Islami, Hezbi-Islami, Hezb-e-Islami) meaning Islamic Party is an Islamic organization The Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan ( Dari: Hezb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan) is a political party in Afghanistan, currently serving as the largest Abdul Rashid Dostum was a former Pro-Soviet fighter during the Soviet Invasion and the current leader of Uzbek-Afghan northern provinces The National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan ( Jumbish-i-Milli Islami Afghanistan) is an Uzbek Political party in Afghanistan.
By 1995 the Taliban, which had seized control of much of southern Afghanistan with comparative ease in the previous year, were advancing on Kabul. The Taliban ( طالبان, also anglicised as Taleban; translation "students" is a Sunni Islamist, predominately Massoud rejected Taliban demands that he surrender. In March, Massoud launched a major offensive that would prove to be the Taliban's first major reversal and inflicted heavy casualties on their forces. The Taliban regrouped and allied with Dostum, which allowed them to launch another offensive in mid-1996. Jamiat lost control of the capital in September 1996.
Following the capture of Kabul, the major mujahideen factions put aside their previous feuds and formed the United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan, commonly known in the west as the Northern Alliance. The United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan ( UIF, Jabha-yi Muttahid-i Islami-yi Milli bara-yi Nijat-i Afghanistan) also known as the Northern Rabbani became political leader of the United Front, but most power lay with the Defence Minister Massoud. Other Jamiat members, mostly protégés of Massoud, took up senior positions within the United Front Government. Yunus Qanuni served as Interior Minister and Dr Abdulluh was Foreign Minister. WikipediaPersondata --> Yunus Qanuni ( يونس قانوني, also transliterated Qanooni and Qanouni) (born 1957 is a politician Dr Abdullah (born 1961 an Afghan politician was the Foreign Minister of Afghanistan. During the United Front's existence, Jamiat remained the most powerful faction, controlling about 10,000 of the Alliance's 40,000 troops. Most observers agreed that Massoud's forces were the best trained and equipped of the United Front.
On the 9th of September 2001, Massoud was assassinated by a pair of suicide bombers. Immediately afterwards Taliban forces launched a major offensive against Jamiat positions. Mohammed Fahim was chosen to succeed Massoud as leader of Jamiat's military wing and repulsed the Taliban offensive. With extensive assistance from an American-led coalition in October and November 2001 (see War in Afghanistan (2001–present)), United Front forces recaptured most of Afghanistan. The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U
Since then, Jamiat appears to have splintered. The military/Massoud wing of the party, led by Fahim, Qanuni and Abdulluh, dominated the Afghan Transitional Administration from which Rabbani was absent. See also Civil war in Afghanistan This article on the History of Afghanistan since 1992 covers the time period from the fall of the Najibullah government in 1992 Qanuni subequently formed the Afghanistan e Naween (New Afghanistan) party and has emerged as de facto leader of the opposition to President Hamid Karzai. Hamid Karzai ( حامد کرزي, حامد کرزي) (born 24 December 1957) is the current President of Afghanistan, since December By contrast, Rabbani and Jamiat have backed Karzai.
Sources
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