Sir James Whyte Black, OM, FRS, FRSE, FRCP (born 14 July 1924) is a Scottish doctor and pharmacologist who invented Propranolol, synthesized Cimetidine and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988 for these discoveries. The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland 's National academy of science and letters The Royal College of Physicians of London was the first medical institution in England to receive a Royal Charter Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Pharmacology (from Greek grc φάρμακον pharmakon, "drug" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of how Drugs Propranolol ( INN) is a non-selective Beta blocker mainly used in the treatment of Hypertension. Cimetidine ( INN) (sɨˈmɛtɨdiːn/ /saɪ- is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the Stomach. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. [1]
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Early life and education
Black was educated at Beath High School, Cowdenbeath, Fife, Scotland, and the University of St Andrews, Fife, where he studied medicine, spending time in Dundee (where all the clinical medical activity of St Andrews' University took place until 1967). High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Etymology Cowdenbeath (Coilltean Beithe in Scottish Gaelic, literally meaning 'birch woods' is a Burgh in west Fife, Scotland. Fife ( Gaelic: Fìobha) is a Council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council He joined the Physiology department at the University of St Andrews before taking a lecturer position at the University of Malaya. The University of Malaya ( Abbreviation: UM; Universiti Malaya is the oldest university in Malaysia.
Career
Upon his return to Scotland in 1950, he joined the University of Glasgow (Veterinary School) where he established the Physiology Department. The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews During his career he worked in both industry and academia. He was employed by ICI Pharmaceuticals (1958-1964), Smith, Kline and French (1964-1973) and the Wellcome Foundation (1978-1984) and was appointed professor of pharmacology at University College London (1973-1978) and King's College London (1984-1992). Imperial Chemical Industries ( ICI) is a British chemical subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate and one of the largest chemical producers GlaxoSmithKline plc () is a United Kingdom -based pharmaceutical, biological and Healthcare Company. The Wellcome Trust was established in 1936 as an independent charity funding research to improve human and animal health University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London King's College London is a British Higher education institution and co-founding constituent college of the federal University of London.
Scientific and clinical contributions
Sir James Black contributed to basic scientific and clinical knowledge in cardiology, both as a physician and as a basic scientist. Cardiology (from Greek grc καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and grc -λογία -logia) is the branch of Internal medicine His invention of propranolol the beta adrenergic receptor antagonist that revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris, is considered to be one of the most important contributions to clinical medicine and pharmacology of the 20th century. An antagonist (from Greek ανταγωνιστής - antagonistes, "opponent competitor rival" is a character or Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe Chest pain due to Ischemia (a lack of blood and hence Oxygen supply of the heart Pharmacology (from Greek grc φάρμακον pharmakon, "drug" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of how Drugs [2][3] His method of research, his discoveries about adrenergic pharmacology, and his clarification of the mechanisms of cardiac action are all strengths of his work. [4]
Other offices
Sir James was the Chancellor of the University of Dundee between 1992 and May 2006. A Chancellor is the head of a University. Other titles are sometimes used such as President or Rector. The University of Dundee ( Gaelic: Oilthigh Dùn Deagh) is the older and arguably much more stuck-up and snobby of the two Universities in the city In August 2006, the Sir James Black Centre was officially incorporated into the College of Life Sciences at the university.
Honours and awards
He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1981. The rank of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. In 2000 Sir James was appointed to the Order of Merit by Queen Elizabeth II. The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976 and the same year he was awarded the Lasker award. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award is awarded by the Lasker Foundation for the understanding diagnosis prevention treatment and cure of disease [5] In 1979, he was awarded the Artois-Baillet Latour Health Prize. The Artois-Baillet Latour Foundation is a non-profit organization which was founded on 1 March 1974 at the initiative of Count Alfred de Baillet Latour,
See also
- George H. Hitchings and Gertrude B. Elion - joint recipients of the 1988 Nobel prize in Medicine
References
- ^ Tore Frängsmyr (1989). George Herbert Hitchings ( April 18, 1905 &ndash February 27, 1998) was an American doctor who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23 1918 &ndash February 21 1999 was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Sir James W. Black: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Les Prix Nobel. Nobel Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-08-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the
- ^ Melanie Patricia Stapleton (1997). Sir James Black and Propranolol. Texas Heart Institute Journal.
- ^ "anTAGonist" and "ciMETidine". American Chemical Society (2005). Retrieved on December 25, 2005.
- ^ Alan Taylor (2004). Or is this our national hero?. Sunday Herald. Retrieved on January 25, 2004.
- ^ 1976 winners: Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research. Lasker Medical Research Network (1976).
| Academic offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Earl of Dalhousie |
Chancellor of the University of Dundee 1992-2006 |
Succeeded by Baron Patel |
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