Sir James Paget (11 January 1814 – 30 December 1899) was a British surgeon and pathologist who is best remembered for Paget's disease[1] and who is considered, together with Rudolf Virchow, as one of the founders of scientific medical pathology. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow ( 13 October 1821 &ndash 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, public health His famous works included Lectures on Tumours (1851) and Lectures on Surgical Pathology (1853). While most people recall that Paget's disease refers to bone, there were actually three diseases named after him - Paget's disease of bone, Paget's disease of the nipple (a form of intraductal breast cancer spreading into the skin around the nipple), and Extramammary Paget's disease. Paget's disease, otherwise known as osteitis deformans, is a chronic disorder that typically results in enlarged and deformed bones Paget's disease of the Breast, also known as Paget's disease of the Nipple, is a condition that outwardly may have the appearance of Eczema - Breast cancer is a Cancer that starts in the cells of the Breast in women and men Extramammary Paget’s disease ( EMPD) also Extramammary Paget disease, is a usually non-invasive Adenocarcinoma of the Skin outside of the Also named for him is Paget's abscess. A Paget's Abscess, named by eminent British surgeon and pathologist Sir James Paget, is an Abscess that recurrs at the site of a former abscess which had resolved
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Life
Paget was born at Great Yarmouth, England on January 11, 1814, the son of a brewer and shipowner. Great Yarmouth, often known to locals as Yarmouth, is a Coastal Town in Norfolk, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was one of a large family, and his brother Sir George Paget (1809-1892), who became Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge in 1872, also had a distinguished career in medicine and was made a K.C.B.. The Regius Professorship of Physic is one of the oldest professorships at the University of Cambridge, founded by Henry VIII in 1540. The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George He attended a day-school in Yarmouth, and afterwards was destined for the navy; but this plan was given up, and at the age of sixteen he was apprenticed to a general practitioner, whom he served for four and a half years, during which time he gave his leisure hours to botanising, and made a great collection of the flora of East Norfolk. A general practitioner, or GP is a medical practitioner who provides Primary care and specializes in Family medicine. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life In Botany, flora ( Plural: floras or florae has two meanings The first meaning flora of an area or of time period, refers to all Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom. At the end of his apprenticeship he published with one of his brothers a very careful Sketch of the Natural History of Yarmouth and its Neighbourhood.
In October 1834 he entered as a student at St Bartholomew's Hospital, in London. St Bartholomew's Hospital, also known as Barts, is a hospital in Smithfield in the City of London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Here he is noted to have described the first journal club. A journal club is a group of individuals who meet regularly to critically evaluate recent articles in Scientific literature. Medical students in those days were left very much to themselves; there was no close supervision of their work, but it is probable that Paget gained rather than lost by having to fight his own way. He swept the board of prizes in 1835, and again in 1836; and in his first winter session he discovered the pathogen for trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by Trichina spiralis, a minute roundworm that infests the muscles of the human body, and which is usually acquired by eating infected pork. A pathogen (from Greek πάθος pathos "suffering passion" and γἰγνομαι (γεν- gignomai (gen- "I give birth to" infectious Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, or trichiniasis, is a Parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked Pork and Wild game A parasitic disease is an Infectious disease caused or transmitted by a parasite. The nematodes or roundworms ( Phylum Nematoda from Greek (nema "thread" + -ode "like" are one of the most common Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Pork' is the Culinary name for Meat from the domestic Pig ( Sus scrofa) often specifically the fresh meat but can be used as an all-inclusive In May 1836 he passed his examination at the Royal College of Surgeons, and became qualified to practice. The Royal College of Surgeons of England is an independent Professional body committed to promoting and advancing the highest standards of surgical care The next seven years (1836-1843) were spent in London lodgings, and were a time of poverty, for he made only 15 pounds a year by practice, and his father, having failed in business, could not give him any help. He managed to keep himself by writing for the medical journals, and preparing the catalogues of the hospital museum and of the pathological museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. A hospital is an institution for Health care providing treatment by specialised staff and equipment and often but not always providing for A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and In 1836 he had been made curator of the hospital museum, and in 1838 demonstrator of morbid anatomy at the hospital; but his advancement there was hindered by the privileges of the hospital apprentices, and by the fact that he had been too poor to afford a house-surgeoncy, or even a dressership. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration
In 1841 he was made surgeon to the Finsbury Dispensary; but this appointment did not give him any experience in the graver operations of surgery. Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental In 1843 he was appointed lecturer on general anatomy (microscopic anatomy) and physiology at the hospital, and warden of the hospital college then founded. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical For the next eight years he lived within the walls of the hospital, in charge of about thirty students resident in the little college. Besides his lectures and his superintendence of the resident students, he had to enter all new students, to advise them how to work, and to manage the finances and the general affairs of the school. Thus he was constantly occupied with the business of the school, and often passed a week, or more, without going outside the hospital gates.
In 1844 he married Lydia, youngest daughter of the Rev. Henry North. In 1847 he was appointed an assistant-surgeon to the hospital, and Arris and Gale professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. He held this professorship for six years and each year gave six lectures in surgical pathology. Surgical pathology is the most significant and time-consuming area of practice for most anatomical pathologists. The first edition of these lectures, which were the chief scientific work of his life, was published in 1853 as Lectures on Surgical Pathology. In 1851 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 In October 1851 he resigned the wardenship of the hospital. He had now become known as a great physiologist and pathologist: he had done for pathology in England what Rudolf Virchow had done in Germany; but he had hardly begun to get into practice, and he had kept himself poor that he might pay his share of his fathers debts- a task that took him fourteen years to fulfil. Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow ( 13 October 1821 &ndash 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, public health Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
He was the father of Stephen Paget (1855-1926), an English surgeon who first proposed the "seed and soil" theory of metastasis. Stephen Paget (1855-1926 was an English surgeon, the son of the distinguished surgeon and pathologist Sir James Paget, who has been long credited Metastasis ( Greek: displacement μετά=next + στάσις=placement, plural metastases) sometimes abbreviated mets,
Works
It is probable that no famous surgeon, not even John Hunter (1728-1793), ever founded his practice deeper in science than Paget did, or waited longer for his work to come back to him. John Hunter ( February 13, 1728 - October 16, 1793) was a Scottish surgeon regarded as one of the most distinguished scientists In physiology he had mastered the chief English, French, German, Dutch and Italian literature of the subject, and by incessant study and microscope work had put himself level with the most advanced knowledge of his time; so that it was said of him by Robert Owen, in 1851, that he had his choice, either to be the first physiologist in Europe, or to have the first surgical practice in London, with a baronetcy. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are Robert Owen (14 May 1771 – 17 Nov 1858 born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales was a social reformer and one of the founders of Socialism His physiological lectures at St Bartholomew's Hospital were the chief cause of the rise in the fortunes of its school, which in 1843 had gone down to a low point.
In pathology his work was even more important. He fills the place in pathology that had been left empty by Hunter's death in 1793; the time of transition from Hunter's teaching, which for all its greatness was hindered by want of the modern microscope, to the pathology and bacteriology of the present day. Microbiology (from Greek grc μῑκρος mīkros, "small" grc βίος bios, " Life " and grc -λογία It is Paget's greatest achievement that he made pathology dependent, in everything, on the use of the microscope, especially the pathology of tumors. See also Cancer A tumor or tumour is the name for a swelling or lesion formed by an abnormal growth of cells (termed neoplastic He and Virchow may truly be called the founders of modern pathology; they stand together, Paget's Lectures on Surgical Pathology and Virchow's Cellulär-Pathologie.
When Paget, in 1851, began practice near Cavendish Square, he had still to wait a few years more for success in professional life. For the square of this name in St John's Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, see Cavendish Square St The turn of the tide came about 1854 or 1855; and in 1858 he was appointed surgeon extraordinary to Queen Victoria, and in 1863 surgeon in ordinary to the Prince of Wales. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom He had for many years the largest and most arduous surgical practice in London. His days work was seldom less than sixteen or seventeen hours. Cases sent to him for final judgment, with especial frequency, were those of tumours, and of all kinds of disease of the bones and joints, and all neurotic cases having symptoms of surgical disease. His supremacy lay rather in the science than in the art of surgery, but his name is also associated with certain great practical advances. He discovered the Paget's disease of the breast and the Paget's disease of the bones (osteitis deformans) which are named after him; and he was the first to urge removal of the tumour, instead of amputation of the limb, in cases of myeloid sarcoma. Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or Surgery.
In 1871 he nearly died from infection at a post mortem examination, and, to lighten the weight of his work, was obliged to resign his surgeoncy to the hospital. An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. In this same year he received the honour of the baronetcy of Harewood Place (Middlesex). In 1875 he was president of the Royal College of Surgeons, and in 1877 Hunterian orator. In 1878 he gave up operating, but for eight or ten years longer he still had a very heavy consulting practice. In 1881 he was president of the International Medical Congress held in London; in 1880 he gave, at Cambridge, a memorable address on Elemental Pathology, setting forth the likeness of certain diseases of plants and trees to those of the human body. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae.
Besides shorter writings he also published Clinical Lectures and Essays (1st ed. 1875) and Studies of Old Case-books (1891). In 1883, on the death of Sir George Jessel, he was appointed vice-chancellor of the University of London. The University of London is a university based primarily in London, England, UK. In 1889 he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission on Vaccination.
In May 1886 he treated Edward Crowley, father of Aleister Crowley for tongue cancer. Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley (ˈkroʊli (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947 was a British Occultist Writer, mountaineer An operation was advised but Crowley declined and died the following year. [2]
He died in London on December 30, 1899, at the age of 85. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Sir James Paget had the gift of eloquence, and was one of the most careful and most delightful speakers of his time. He had a natural and unaffected pleasure in society, and he loved music. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. He possessed the rare gift of ability to turn swiftly from work to play; enjoying his holidays like a schoolboy, easily moved to laughter, keen to get the maximum of happiness out of very ordinary amusements, emotional in spite of incessant self-restraint, vigorous in spite of constant overwork. In him a certain light-hearted enjoyment was combined with the utmost reserve, unfailing religious faith, and the most scrupulous honour. He was all his life profoundly indifferent toward politics, both national and medical; his ideal was the unity of science and practice in the professional life. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions
See also
References
- ^ Paget J. Located at Gorleston, Norfolk, on the A12 road, the James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust serves a population of around 220000 , On a from of chronic inflammation of bones (osteitis deformans), Trans Med-Chir Soc, 1877,60,37:63
- ^ The Confessions by Aleister Crowley
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
External links
- Sir James Paget History of Surgeons - surgeons. org. uk
| Baronetage of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by (new creation) |
Baronet (of Harewood Place, Middlesex) 1871–1899 |
Succeeded by John Paget |
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