| James McCulloch | |
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| In office 27 June 1863 – 6 May 1868 |
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| Preceded by | John O'Shanassy |
| Succeeded by | Charles Sladen |
| In office 11 July 1868 – 20 September 1869 |
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| Preceded by | Charles Sladen |
| Succeeded by | John Alexander MacPherson |
| In office 9 April 1870 – 19 June 1871 |
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| Preceded by | John Alexander MacPherson |
| Succeeded by | Charles Gavan Duffy |
| In office 20 October 1875 – 21 May 1877 |
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| Preceded by | Graham Berry |
| Succeeded by | Graham Berry |
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| Born | 1819 Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland |
| Died | 31 January 1893 England |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Spouse | Susan and Margaret Boak |
James McCulloch is also the name of the cashier of the Baltimore branch of the Second National Bank of the United States. See Premiers of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Premier Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Sir John O'Shanassy, KCMG (1818&ndash 5 May 1883) Australian colonial politician was the 2nd Premier of Victoria. Sir Charles Sladen, KCMG ( 28 August 1816 – 22 February 1884) Australian colonial Politician, was the 6th Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year John Alexander MacPherson ( 15 October 1833 - 17 February 1894) Australian colonial politician was the 7th Premier of Victoria Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, KCMG ( 12 April 1816 &ndash 9 February 1903) Irish nationalist and Australian Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Sir Graham Berry, KCMG ( 28 August 1822 - 25 January 1904) Australian colonial politician was the 11th Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Lanark is a small town in the Central belt of Scotland. Its population of 8253 makes it the 100th largest settlement in Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. This James McCulloch was not involved in the McCulloch vs. Maryland U.S. Supreme Court case. McCulloch v Maryland,, was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary.
Sir James McCulloch (1819 - 31 January 1893), Australian colonial politician, was the 5th Premier of Victoria. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. See Premiers of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Premier McCulloch was born in Glasgow. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom He had only a primary education and as a young man worked in shops, eventually becoming a junior partner in a softgoods firm. In 1853 he arrived in Melbourne to start a branch of his firm, which later became McCulloch, Sellar and Co. Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 In the boom conditions following the Victorian Gold Rush, he soon became a wealthy man and a director of several banks and other companies. The Victorian Gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s He was President of the Chamber of Commerce in 1856-57 and 1862-63. Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
McCulloch was appointed a member of the Legislative Council in September 1854. The Legislative Council, or upper house is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Victoria, Australia. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year When Victoria gained responsible government in 1856, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Wimmera, which he represented until 1859, when he shifted to East Melbourne. Responsible government is a conception of a System of government that embodies the principle of parliamentary accountability which is the foundation of the Westminster Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Legislative Assembly, or lower house is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Victoria in Australia The Wimmera is a region in the west of the Australian state of Victoria. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common East Melbourne is an Inner city Suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He later represented Mornington and Warrnambool. Mornington is a sea side town in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, located 57 km south-east of Melbourne's central business district Warrnambool is a regional city with a population of 30392 people on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia, located in the municipality City of Warrnambool
The historian Raymond Wright describes McCulloch as a "cautious liberal. Raymond R Wright ( December 5 1945 &ndash September 24 1999) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States " He served as Commissioner for Trade and Customs 1857-58 under William Haines and as Treasurer 1859-60 under William Nicholson. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common This article is about the Australian politician For other people called William Haines see William Haines (disambiguation. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting William Nicholson ( 27 February 1816 &mdash 10 March 1865) was an Australian colonial Politician who became the When John O'Shanassy's conservative government resigned in June 1863 McCulloch became Premier and Chief Secretary for the first time. Sir John O'Shanassy, KCMG (1818&ndash 5 May 1883) Australian colonial politician was the 2nd Premier of Victoria. Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was also Postmaster-General 1864-68. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap
McCulloch's liberal government was the strongest Victoria had yet seen, and proved to be the longest lived so far, surviving for nearly five years. Much of its reforming zeal came from the Attorney-General, George Higinbotham, a crusading radical. George Higinbotham ( 19 April 1826 – 31 December 1892) was a Politician and was a Chief Justice of the Supreme Court The McCulloch government fought a series of battles with the conservative landowners who dominated the Legislative Council. The most important was over the tariff issue: McCulloch was a protectionist while the Council was controlled by free traders. For other uses of this word see Tariff (disambiguation. A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary For the protectionist Australian political party from the 1880s to 1909 see Protectionist Party Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions
In 1865 the Council sought a confrontation with the Assembly by rejecting the government's tariff bill and then denying supply to McCulloch's government. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year McCulloch, who was a director of the London Bank, then took the extraordinary step of lending his own government 860,000 pounds to meet its debts and running expenses. After a conference between the two Houses broke down, McCulloch called an election in February 1866, at which his supporters won a large majority in the Assembly. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common When the Council again rejected his tariff bill, he resigned, leaving the Governor, Sir Charles Darling, unable to find anyone else who could form a government. Charles Darling may refer to Charles Henry Darling (1809–1870 Charles John Darling 1st Baron Darling (1849–1936 Charles Finally, after prolonged negotiations, McCulloch agreed to resume office and the Council passed a modified tariff bill and granted supply. Both sides claimed victory, but most of the concessions were made by the Council.
In 1867 another crisis blew up when the Council again rejected the government's budget, because it contained a clause granting a pension to the retiring Governor Darling, which conservatives said was a payment for his collusion in McCulloch's unorthodox methods of financing the government. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting McCulloch called another election for February 1868, which he won comfortably. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap But in May word came that the Colonial Secretary in London, the Duke of Buckingham, had instructed the new Governor, Sir John Manners-Sutton, to support the Council in blocking the grant to Darling. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville 3rd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, GCSI, PC ( 10 September 1823 &ndash John Henry Thomas Manners-Sutton 3rd Viscount Canterbury, GCMG, KB (1814&ndash1877 was an English nobleman and politician
McCulloch at once resigned, and the Governor commissioned a conservative member of the Council, Charles Sladen, to form a government which did not have a majority in the Assembly. Sir Charles Sladen, KCMG ( 28 August 1816 – 22 February 1884) Australian colonial Politician, was the 6th This negation of democracy provoked widespread protests and produced a dangerous situation, which was resolved only in July when the Colonial Office changed its mind about Darling's pension and the Council agreed to a moderate reform bill broadening its electoral base. McCulloch resumed office, but without Higinbotham, who disapproved of this compromise.
McCulloch remained in office until September 1869, and was Premier again from April 1870 to June 1871 and from October 1875 to May 1877, but these periods in office were relatively uneventful. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common His main achievement in this period was to pass a bill abolishing all government funding to religious schools, a measure which was supported by all denominations except the Anglicans, since it freed church schools from government supervision. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs McCulloch's government also introduced a bill to create a system of free, secular government schools, but the Catholics and Anglicans joined forces to block it.
McCullch grew increasingly conservative after 1870 and in 1875 he had a political falling out with Higinbotham. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Tired and disillusioned, he resigned from Parliament in 1878. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was knighted in 1870 and made KCMG in 1874. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1886 he retired to England, and died in Epsom, Surrey in 1893. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See also Epsom New Hampshire, and Epsom New Zealand. For the chemical compound see Epsom salts. Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He married twice but had no children.
References
- Geoff Browne, A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament, 1900-84, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1985
- Don Garden, Victoria: A History, Thomas Nelson, Melbourne, 1984
- Kathleen Thompson and Geoffrey Serle, A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament, 1856-1900, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1972
- Raymond Wright, A People's Counsel. A History of the Parliament of Victoria, 1856-1990, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1992
| Preceded by John O'Shanassy |
Premier of Victoria 1863–1868 |
Succeeded by Charles Sladen |
| Preceded by Charles Sladen |
Premier of Victoria 1868–1869 |
Succeeded by John MacPherson |
| Preceded by John MacPherson |
Premier of Victoria 1870–1871 |
Succeeded by Charles Gavan Duffy |
| Preceded by Graham Berry |
Premier of Victoria 1875–1877 |
Succeeded by Graham Berry |
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