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Dr James Manby Gully (14 March 1808 – 1883), was a Victorian medical doctor, well known for practising hydrotherapy, or the "water cure". Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy involves the use of Water for soothing pains and treating diseases Along with his partner James Wilson, he founded a very successful "hydropathy" (as it was then called) clinic in Malvern, Worcestershire, which had many notable Victorians, including such figures as Charles Darwin and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, as clients. Malvern is a Town and Civil parish in Worcestershire, England. Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets

He is also remembered as a suspect in the Charles Bravo poisoning case. Charles Bravo (1845 &ndash 21 April 1876) was a British lawyer who was fatally Poisoned with Antimony in 1876

Contents

Early life and education

James Manby Gully was born in Kingston, Jamaica, the son of a wealthy coffee planter. Kingston is the Capital and largest city of Jamaica and is located on the southeastern coast of the island country When he was 6 he was taken to England to attend school in Liverpool, then went on to the College de St. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Barbe in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He became a medical student at the University of Edinburgh in 1825, as did Charles Darwin in the same year. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. After three years at Edinburgh, Gully became an externe at L'École de Médecíne in Paris, then returned to Edinburgh to take his MD in 1829. Doctor of Medicine ( MD or MD, from the Latin Medicinæ Doctor meaning "Teacher of Medicine" is a doctoral [1]

Career

Gully began his practise as a physician in London in 1830, and went on to write and translate numerous medical books and papers, becoming a fellow of the Medical and Chirurgical Society of London and a fellow of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Medical and Chirurgical Society of London was a learned society of Physicians and surgeons which was founded in 1805 by 26 personalities in these fields who had He edited the London Medical and Surgical Journal and the Liverpool Medical Gazette. [1] Gully showed an open interest in the dangerously radical idea of transmutation of species, and translated an evolutionary treatise on Comparative Physiology by the embryologist Friedrich Tiedemann. Transmutation of species is a term to describe the altering of one Species into another eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Friedrich Tiedemann ( August 23, 1781 - January 22, 1861) was a German Anatomist and Physiologist. [2]

He was continually dissatisfied with the medical treatments of the time, and in 1837 met Dr. James Wilson who then spent some time on the continent and returned in 1842 enthused with the idea of hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy involves the use of Water for soothing pains and treating diseases The two set up a partnership and opened a "water cure" clinic at Malvern offering a regimen similar to that at Vincent Priessnitz's Gräfenberg clinic. Lázně Jeseník (until 1948 and in German Gräfenberg) is a small village in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. In 1846 Gully published The Water Cure in Chronic Disease, describing the treatments available at the clinic. [1] He became a member of the British Homoeopathic Society in 1848. [3]

The fame of the establishment grew, and Gully and Wilson became well-known national figures. Two more clinics were opened at Malvern. [4] Famous patients included Charles Darwin, Charles Dickens, Thomas Carlyle, Florence Nightingale, Lord Tennyson and Samuel Wilberforce. Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. Florence Nightingale, OM, RRC (in her own pronunciation ˈflɒɾəns ˈnaɪtɪŋgeɪl 12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910 who came to be known as "The Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Samuel Wilberforce ( 7 September 1805 – 19 July 1873) was an English Bishop in the Church of England, third [1] With his fame he also attracted criticism: Sir Charles Hastings, a physician and founder of the British Medical Association, was a forthright critic of hydropathy, and Dr Gully in particular. Sir Charles Hastings (1794 - 1866 was a medical surgeon and a founder of the British Medical Association, the BMA, originally Provincial Medical and Surgical Association History The BMA founded in 1832 by Charles Hastings was originally known as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association (PMSA the first meeting of which was held in the boardroom [5]

The Water Cure treatment

Dr. Gully's patients at Malvern were woken at 5 am, undressed and wrapped in wet sheets then covered with blankets. An hour of later buckets of water were thrown upon the patients who then went on a five mile walk, carrying an alpenstock and a Gräfenberg flask of mineral water, stopping at wells for the waters. Lázně Jeseník (until 1948 and in German Gräfenberg) is a small village in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. They returned to the Malvern pump room for a breakfast of dry biscuits and water. They then had the day to spend bathing in a range of kinds of baths, or in some cases wore a wet sheet called the "Neptune Girdle" round their middle at all times, removing it only at meal times. Dinner which was always boiled mutton and fish was followed by a few hours in a dry bed. The exercise, plain food and absence of alcohol together with the congenial company of other wealthy patrons proved generally beneficial. [1]

Charles Darwin

For more details on this topic, see Charles Darwin's illness. For much of his adult life Charles Darwin's illness repeatedly affected him with an uncommon combination of Symptoms leaving him severely debilitated for long periods of time

Charles Darwin suffered repeated episodes of illness involving stomach pains from 1838 onwards, and had no success with conventional treatments. Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life In 1849 after about four months of incessant vomiting he followed the recommendation of his friend Captain Sulivan and cousin Fox, and after reading Gully's book rented a villa at Malvern for his family and started a two month trial of the treatment on 10 March. Bartholomew James Sulivan (1810 – 1890 was a British sailor and Hydrographer. The Reverend William Darwin Fox ( 23 April 1805 - 8 April 1880) was an English clergyman naturalist and a 2nd cousin of Charles Robert Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Gully agreed with Darwin's self diagnosis of nervous dyspepsia, and set him a routine including being heated by a spirit lamp until dripping with perspiration, then vigorous rubbing with cold wet towels and cold foot baths, a strict diet, and walks. Darwin enjoyed the attention and the demanding regime which left him no time to feel guilty about not working. His health improved rapidly and he felt that the water-cure was "no quackery". [6][7] He had no faith in the homœopathic medicines Gully gave him three times a day, but took them obediently. [8] They stayed on until 30 June, and at home he continued with the diet, and with the water treatment aided by his butler. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper [9]

When his sickness returned in September Darwin had a day visit to Malvern, then recuperated at home. In June of 1850 after losing time to illness (without vomiting) he spent a week at Malvern. [10] Later that year he wrote to Fox about the credulity of his "beloved Dr Gully" whose daughter had been ill, and had treated her with a clairvoyant girl to report on internal changes, a mesmerist to put her to sleep, John Chapman as homœopathist and himself as Hydropathist, after which Gully's daughter recovered. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain The term's most common usage today refers to a person's sexual attractiveness or raw Charisma. John Chapman (1821 - 1894 was a publisher who had medical training and was based at 142 The Strand London. Darwin explained to Fox his wrathful scepticism about clairvoyance and homeopathy. [11] When Darwin's own young daughter Annie had persistent indigestion he confidently took her to Gully on 24 March 1851, and after a week left her there to take the cure, but a fortnight later was recalled by Dr Gully as Annie had bilious fever. You may be looking for the Anne Darwin who was involved in the John Darwin disappearance case Anne Elizabeth "Annie" Darwin ( 2 March Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Dr. Gully was attentive and repeatedly reassured them that she was recovering, but after a series of crises Annie died on 23 April. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Gully gave the cause of death as a "Bilious fever with typhoid character". [12][13]

Darwin kept records of the effects of the continuing water treatment at home, and in 1852 stopped the regime, having found that it was of some help with relaxation but overall had no significant effect, indicating that it served only to decrease his psychosomatic symptomatology. Psychosomatic medicine is an interdisciplinary medical field studying psychosomatic illness, now more commonly referred to as psychophysiologic illness or disorder [14][15] In 1855 Darwin wrote to a friend that "Dr. Gully did me much good",[16] but he did not want to return to Malvern. When his illness returned much as when he had first seen Gully he found a new hydrotherapist, Dr. Lane, whose more relaxed regime did not include clairvoyance, mesmerism or homeopathy. After a similarly speedy recovery Darwin became a complete convert. [17][18] In 1863 his illness worsened seriously at a time when Lane was not available, and Emma Darwin persuaded her husband to return to Gully. His cousin Fox had told him that Gully had suffered a mental breakdown and was unavailable. [19] In his reply Darwin had mentioned having had eczema, and wrote "Gully will be a great loss & I hardly know whom to consult there. I must be under some experienced man, for I could not stand much hard treatment. "[20] They arrived at Malvern on 2 September, but Darwin felt that he was being fobbed off with the supervising physician, Dr. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Ayerst. Emma arranged for Dr. Gully to attend and endorse Ayerst's treatment, but by then the eczema was too raw to bear any water. Darwin had a complete breakdown, and on 13 October left the spa worse than when he'd arrived. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees His serious illness continued until the Spring of 1866. [21]

Beliefs and causes

Gully was an articulate and popular public speaker and writer. He was also a firm believer in a number of women's causes. He advocated women's suffrage, and preached temperance, due to the detrimental affects of alcohol on the husbands of many Victorian women. See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in Gully separated the sexes strictly at his clinics, as he believed that many female psychological complaints (depression, anxiety, hypochondria, hysteria) were due to the pressures Victorian women were under to be chaste, ambitionless, efficient, selfless givers, at the expense of their own mental well-being.

Gully believed in the value of homeopathic medicines, adding references to his positive experiences with homeopathy in later editions of his water-cure book; stating that "It is well and wise to observe and investigate these things before laughing at them”. This article has been the subject of edit wars and has been placed on probation [22] Like many of his educated contemporaries both in the UK, [23] and in the USA[24] Gully showed an interest in several popular movements of the day, such as women's suffrage, mesmerism and diagnostic clairvoyance,[25] and in later life he came to believe in spiritualism. The term's most common usage today refers to a person's sexual attractiveness or raw Charisma. Clairvoyance (from 17th century French with clair meaning "clear" and voyance meaning "visibility" is the apparent ability to gain Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 [26]

Affair with Florence Bravo

In 1872, he met a young woman named Florence Ricardo (later Florence Bravo). Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Charles Bravo (1845 &ndash 21 April 1876) was a British lawyer who was fatally Poisoned with Antimony in 1876 They became secret lovers. The following year, after travelling with Gully to Kissingen in Germany, Florence became pregnant. Bad Kissingen is a Spa town in the Bavarian region of Lower Franconia and is the capital of the district Bad Kissingen. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Gully performed an abortion. Thereafter, their relationship became purely Platonic.

Florence subsequently met and fell in love with Charles Bravo, whom she married in 1875. Charles Bravo (1845 &ndash 21 April 1876) was a British lawyer who was fatally Poisoned with Antimony in 1876 Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common On hearing the news from a third party, Gully reportedly tore the letter to shreds. Just a few short months later, on April 18, 1876, Charles Bravo died of poisoning. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The culprit was never discovered; Gully was a suspect, along with Florence herself, but although he testified at the inquest, nothing further came of the case. In 1923, Sir Harry Poland QC, who was involved for the crown in the case, stated that "Dr. Gully was in no way implicated". [1]

Published works

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f Swinton, William E The hydrotherapy and infamy of Dr James Gully, 1980, Canadian Medical Association Journal. Retrieved on 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
  2. ^ Desmond & Moore 1991, p.  219
  3. ^ Adkin, George (ed. ). The British and foreign homœopathic medical directory and record, 1853, Taubman Medical Library. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
  4. ^ http://www.malvernhealth.org.uk/about.html History of Water Cures at malvern
  5. ^ Bradley, J. , and Depree, M. A Shadow of Orthodoxy? An Epistemology of British Hydropathy, 1840–1858, Medical History, 2003, 47:173–194
  6. ^ Browne 1995, p.  494-496
  7. ^ Letter 1236 — Darwin, C. R. to Hooker, J. D., 28 Mar 1849. DarwinProject. ac. uk. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign
  8. ^ Letter 1234 — Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, S. E., 19 Mar 1849. DarwinProject. ac. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
  9. ^ Browne 1995, p.  496-497
  10. ^ Desmond & Moore 1991, p.  367, 373
  11. ^ Letter 1352 — Darwin, C. R. to Fox, W. D., 4 Sept 1850. DarwinProject. ac. uk. Retrieved on 2008-01-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
  12. ^ Browne 1995, p.  499-501
  13. ^ Desmond & Moore 1991, p.  379-384
  14. ^ Jensen G. , Charles Darwin's calamitous psychosomatic disorder clarified, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 55, Number 2, August 2003 , pp. 133-133(1).
  15. ^ Smith, F. et al. "Darwin's illness". Lancet 1990;336: 1139-1140
  16. ^ Darwin, Charles; Frederick Burkhardt, Sydney Smith (1865). The Correspondence of Charles Darwin. Cambridge University Press 13, p. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 379.
  17. ^ Browne 2002, p.  64
  18. ^ Desmond & Moore 1991, p.  453-454
  19. ^ Darwin Correspondence Project - Letter 4178 — Fox, W. D. to Darwin, C. R., [16–22 May 1863]. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  20. ^ Darwin Correspondence Project - Letter 4181 — Darwin, C. R. to Fox, W. D., 23 May [1863]. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
  21. ^ Browne 2002, p.  228-229
  22. ^ Gully, James Manby: The water cure in chronic disease, 5th ed. London: John Churchill, 1856. Excerpt in Google Book Search. Retrieved on 2007-01-15
  23. ^ Paul Vallely, Women's suffrage movement: The story of Kate Harvey, The Independent, 24 November 2005 [1]
  24. ^ Suzanne Keen, Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull (Book Review), Commonweal, Sept 11, 1998 [2]
  25. ^ Quammen, D: The Kiwi’s Egg: Charles Darwin and Natural Selection, London: Weidenfield & Nicolson, 2007, p. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign 111.
  26. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, Vol. 24 p. 228.
  27. ^ Archived Collections: Gully, James Manby, 1808-1883. London: Wellcome Library. Retrieved on 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign

Further reading

References

External links

James Moore, historian of science at the Open University and the University of Cambridge and visiting scholar at Harvard University, is noted as the author of
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