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James Jesus Angleton
James Jesus Angleton

James Jesus Angleton[1] (December 9, 1917 – May 12, 1987), known to colleagues as Jim and nicknamed "the Kingfisher", was a long-serving chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) counter-intelligence (CI) staff (Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Counterintelligence/ADDOCI). Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. He is known as the "mother" of today's CIA for his deep role in its formation and operations. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all Major General William Joseph Donovan was also deeply involved with James Angleton during that period as well; Donovan's codename on the other hand was "father". Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries "Wild Bill Donovan" redirects here For the Baseball Pitcher and manager see William Edward Donovan.

Angleton is notable for both his long tenure as the CIA's foremost "spy catcher" (as Chief of Counter-Intelligence), but also his being deceived by a Soviet spy, Kim Philby. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby or HAR Philby ( OBE: 1946-1965 ( 1 January, 1912 – 11 May, 1988) When Philby's close associates in Britain's Most Secret Services, MacLean and Burgess, defected, it was immediately clear that Philby had staged a massive and unprecedented long-term espionage ring in both the US and the U. Donald Duart Maclean (məˈkleɪn 25 May, 1913 Marylebone, London – 6 March, 1983 Moscow) was a British Guy Francis De Moncy Burgess ( 16 April, 1911 &ndash 30 August, 1963) was a British -born Intelligence officer and K, directly under the noses of the finest minds in Counter-Intelligence available, including Angleton. Angleton's faith in his abilities was deeply shaken by how Philby had so successfully fooled him for so long; from that point on he was best known for his exceptional and relentless sensitivity to any sign of further moles within the CIA. James Jesus Angleton (December 9 1917 &ndash May 12 1987 known to colleagues as Jim and nicknamed "the Kingfisher" was a long-serving chief of the Central Intelligence A mole (also called a defector in place, an informant and in the Mafia a rat) is a Spy who works for an enemy Nation, but whose loyalty

A poetry aficionado with known ties to Ezra Pound and T. S. Eliot, and an avid fly-fisherman, gemologist and orchid-breeder, Angleton functioned as principal adviser to successive Directors of the CIA, most notably Allen Dulles and Richard Helms. Ezra Weston Loomis Pound ( Hailey, Idaho Territory, United States October 30 1885 – Venice, Italy November 1 1972 was an American Expatriate Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. Fly fishing is a distinct and ancient Angling method most renowned as a method for catching Trout and Salmon, but employed today for a wide variety of Gemology ( gemmology outside the United States) is the Science, Art and Profession of identifying and evaluating Gemstones Director of the Central Intelligence Agency ( D/CIA) serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which is part of the United States Intelligence Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7 1893 &ndash January 29 1969 was the first civilian and the longest serving (1953-1961 Director of Central Intelligence (de-facto head of Richard McGarrah Helms ( March 30, 1913 &ndash October 23, 2002) was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI from 1966 to 1973 His creative genius for scenario-building and thoroughly penetrating understanding of espionage, deception, and false flag operations remain uneclipsed to this very day. Deception (also called beguilement or subterfuge) is the act of convincing another to believe Information that is not true or not the whole truth as in His excesses as a counter-intelligence czar, arising from extreme paranoia that may have been clinical, had adverse effects on the Agency, especially during the 1970s. Paranoia is a disturbed thought process characterized by excessive Anxiety or Fear, often to the point of Irrationality and Delusion. Considered by many within the intelligence profession as the single most polarizing, most controversial, and admittedly most revered spymaster bar none, Angleton had personified spy tradecraft. Tradecraft is a general term that denotes a skill acquired through experience in a trade Even the KGB used much of his tradecraft as training tools for their case officers and assets. KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty

According to former CIA officer Robert Baer: "Angleton was truly a bit of a lunatic. Robert "Bobby" Baer (born July 1 1952 is an author and former case officer at the Central Intelligence Agency. He fancied himself as a serious poet. He was half-Mexican [via his mother], very tall and gangly, a raconteur who could stay up all night talking. In fact, he fairly well destroyed the CIA single-handedly because of his paranoia. He put a security system into place that ensures even today that CIA people work in a bubble, isolated from the way the world works. "[2]

Contents

Early life

James Angleton was born in Boise, Idaho to Carmen Mercedes Moreno. Boise (ˈbɔɪsi is the capital and most populous city of the U His father, James Hugh Angleton, was a cavalry officer who owned the NCR franchise in pre-war Italy, and later joined the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on NCR Corporation ( is a technology company specializing in products for the retail and financial sectors Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Office of Strategic Services ( OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. His parents met in Mexico while his father was serving under General John "Black Jack" Pershing. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB ( September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army His mother was renowned in Mexico's high society for her beauty.

Angleton mostly grew up in Rome, Italy, where his family moved after his father bought NCR's Italian subsidiary, but he completed his pre-university education as a boarder at Malvern College in England. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Malvern College is a Coeducational British Public School, founded in 1865 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland He completed his undergraduate education at Yale University in 1941, after launching a poetry review, Furioso, with his roommate. The review published works by the likes of T. S. Eliot, William Carlos Williams, and E. E. Cummings. Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. William Carlos Williams ( 17 September 1883 &ndash 4 March 1963) was an American poet closely associated with modernism Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14 1894 &ndash September 3 1962 popularly known as E

By the time he was a student at Yale, he was clearly an insomniac. Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity He went on to attend Harvard Law School before joining the United States Army in 1943 and was recruited into the OSS later that year. Harvard Law School (also known as Harvard Law or HLS) is one of the professional Graduate schools of Harvard University. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. He was selected for counter-intelligence training in London, where he was brought under the tutelage of British intelligence agents such as Kim Philby (Philby was already a mole for the Soviet Union). This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The following is a partial list of current intelligence agencies. Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby or HAR Philby ( OBE: 1946-1965 ( 1 January, 1912 – 11 May, 1988) A mole (also called a defector in place, an informant and in the Mafia a rat) is a Spy who works for an enemy Nation, but whose loyalty He is thought to have been one of the few to have access to the Ultra program, the decryption operation which successfully cracked iterations of the Enigma code, significantly affecting the German U-boat campaign in the Atlantic Ocean. ULTra ("Urban Light Transport" is a Personal rapid transit system from Advanced Transport Systems Ltd a company based in Cardiff, Wales. The Enigma machine is any one of a family of related electro-mechanical Rotor machines used to generate Ciphers for the Encryption and decryption of Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers He subsequently served as a counter-intelligence agent in Italy, where he remained in service after the transfer of OSS operational functions to the War Department's Strategic Services Unit, which became part of the Central Intelligence Agency under the National Security Act of 1947. The United States Department of War, sometimes also called the War Office, was the department of the United States government 's executive branch The Strategic Services Unit was an Intelligence agency of the United States government which existed in the immediate post- World War II period near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The National Security Act of 1947, Pub L No 235 80 Cong 61 Stat While in Rome, he became the chief counter-intelligence officer for Italy but returned to the United States shortly before the establishment of the CIA, rising to the rank of major while still a military officer. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Angleton's knowledge of intelligence learned through Ultra permitted him to guide American interrogators of Axis subjects. By directing questioning via transcript reviews, Angleton was able to place into the American intelligence record details that were previously known only to Ultra-cleared analysts. This method protected Ultra, benefited the Allied war effort, and propelled Angleton upward.

CIA career

CIA recruited him shortly before its formation, and he continued his counter-intelligence activities there, first returning to Rome and his previous counter-intelligence position, where the knowledge of cryptography he had obtained from Ultra is said to have served him well. This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. Cryptography (or cryptology; from Greek grc κρυπτός kryptos, "hidden secret" and grc γράφω gráphō, "I write" He turned his attentions to the KGB and the Soviet nuclear weapons program with its probable reliance on technology leaked from the American Manhattan Project. KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. The Soviet project to develop an atomic bomb began during World War II in the Soviet Union. The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb

Angleton's internal CIA cryptonym (codename) was KU/MOTHER. His cover name was Hugh Ashmead.

Manhattan Project and Jack Dunlap

Some of this information and subsequent leaks which helped the Soviets develop the hydrogen bomb were made by way of Donald Duart Maclean, with whom Angleton would have been acquainted from his ties to MI5 and whom Philby, in his capacity as counter-intelligence lead for the British embassy in Washington, D.C., assisted in escaping capture by the Americans and British by facilitating Maclean's defection to the USSR. The Teller–Ulam design is a Nuclear weapon design which is used in Megaton -range Thermonuclear weapons and is more colloquially referred to as "the Donald Duart Maclean (məˈkleɪn 25 May, 1913 Marylebone, London – 6 March, 1983 Moscow) was a British The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D In Politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state or political entity in exchange for allegiance to another It is likely that Angleton came to suspect Philby's allegiances in this period, even as the two maintained a regular lunch date. Maclean's espionage and defection effectively ended Philby's regular career in MI6 just as he was thought to be in line to become its director. The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency.

The efforts of Angleton and his CI staff also led to the discovery of a Soviet mole in the National Security Agency (NSA) in the person of Jack Dunlap. The National Security Agency/ Central Security Service ( NSA/CSS) is a cryptologic intelligence agency of the United States government Jack E Dunlap was a United States Army sergeant stationed at the National Security Agency who later became a spy for the Soviet Union in the early 1960s Some alleged that Angleton orchestrated Dunlap's death.

Dunlap, an employee of the NSA, was found dead of carbon monoxide poisoning in an apparent suicide. Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. He also was a Soviet penetration agent, who had concealed in the attic of his house sealed packets of classified NSA documents bearing on its deciphering and interception operation. There were several reasons why it would have been difficult to arrest and prosecute Dunlap. [1]

Rise in influence in the CIA

Beginning in 1951 Angleton was responsible for cooperation with Israel's Mossad and Shin Bet agencies, a relationship he managed closely for virtually the remainder of his career. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Mossad ( HaMossad leModi'in v'leTafkidim Meyuhadim) (המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים - Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations The (שב"כ an acronym for Sherut Bitahon Klali (שירות ביטחון כללי lit It has been claimed that, in this capacity, Angleton directed CIA assistance to the Israeli nuclear weapons program (See Samuel Katz, Soldier Spies, 1992)

In 1954 Allen Dulles, who had recently become Director of Central Intelligence, named Angleton head of the Counterintelligence Staff, a position he retained for the rest of his CIA career. Israel is widely believed to possess a substantial arsenal (an estimated 100 to 200 of Nuclear weapons and maintains intercontinental-range Ballistic missiles to deliver The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U Dulles also assigned him responsibility for coordination with allied intelligence services.

From this period Angleton was characterized by colleagues as a chain smoking workaholic who had no reservations about checking cocktail party boastings against official service records — or placing colleagues under surveillance for minor violations of protocol, written or otherwise, including personal indiscretions. Chain smoking is the practice of lighting a new Cigarette for personal consumption immediately after one that is finished sometimes using the finished cigarette to light the A workaholic, colloquially is a person who is addicted to work

One of Angleton's biggest coups under Dulles was obtaining a transcript of Nikita Khrushchev's 1956 speech to the Soviet Party Congress denouncing Joseph Stalin, which the agency made public for its immense propaganda value. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following On the Personality Cult and its Consequences (О культе личности и его последствиях commonly known as the Secret Speech or the The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during February 14 26 1956. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people Angleton, who obtained a copy of the speech as Israeli intelligence liaison from Shin Bet. The (שב"כ an acronym for Sherut Bitahon Klali (שירות ביטחון כללי lit [3] , is further said to have then leaked doctored versions of the speech to numerous foreign governments in a disinformation campaign, although Angleton is said to have admitted that this claim was itself disinformation he kept in circulation and that his effort to circulate a doctored version was refused by others in the CIA leadership. Disinformation is the deliberate dissemination of false Information.

In the days of America's highest fears of Communist infiltration of Congress, the State Department, and the Pentagon, Angleton's zeal permitted the fledgling CIA to fly completely above scrutiny.

Golitsyn and Nosenko

It is thought that the combination of Angleton's close association with Philby and Philby's effective duplicity caused Angleton to double check "potential problems. " It was only with the defection of Anatoliy Golitsyn in 1961 that Philby was confirmed as a Soviet mole, although this was not adequately corroborated until 1963, when Philby eluded those sent to capture him, and defected. Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Golitsyn CBE (Анатолий Михайлович Голицынborn August 25, 1926 in Piryatin, Ukrainian SSR Living a lonely life in Moscow, Philby was occasionally interviewed. He reminisced that his escape was a "close shave" and that Angleton had been "a brilliant opponent" and fascinating friend who seemed to be "catching on" before Philby's departure, thanks to CIA employee William King Harvey, a former FBI agent, who had voiced his suspicions regarding Philby and others Angleton suspected were Soviet agents. William King "Bill" Harvey ( September 13, 1915 in Danville Indiana - June 1976 was a CIA officer, best known for his role in

Although Golitsyn was a questionable source (he also claimed that British Prime Minister Harold Wilson was a KGB agent), Angleton accepted significant information obtained from his debriefing by the CIA. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom James Harold Wilson Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, PC (11 March 1916 &ndash 24 May 1995 was one of the most prominent British politicians In fact, it is claimed that Golitsyn, in asking to defect rather than become a double agent, implied that the CIA had already been seriously compromised by the KGB. A split album featuring performances by bands The KGB and Alien Spy that was produced in 1997 Golitsyn may have concluded that the CIA failed to debrief him correctly because of misdirection of his debriefing by a mole in the Soviet Russia Division, limiting his debriefing to reviewing photographs of Soviet embassy staff to identify KGB staff and refusing to discuss KGB strategy. After Golitsyn raised this possibility with MI5 in a subsequent debriefing in Britain, MI5 raised the same concern with Angleton, who responded by requesting that DCI Richard Helms allow him to assume responsibility for Golitsyn and his further debriefing.

In 1964, Yuri Nosenko, a KGB officer working out of Geneva, Switzerland, insisted that he needed to defect to the USA, as his role as a double-agent had been discovered, prompting his recall to Moscow. Lt Col Yuri Ivanovich Nosenko ( October 30 1927 – August 23 2008) was a KGB Defector and a figure of significant controversy Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Nosenko was allowed to defect, although his credibility was immediately in question because the CIA was unable to verify a KGB recall order. Nosenko made two extremely controversial claims: that Golitsyn was not a double-agent but a KGB plant; and that he had information on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy by way of the KGB's history with Lee Harvey Oswald in the time Oswald lived in the Soviet Union. The assassination of John F Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday November 22 1963 in Dallas Texas The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18 1939 &ndash November 24 1963 was according to three United States government investigations the assassin of U

Regarding the first claim, Golitsyn had said from the beginning that the KGB would try to plant defectors in an effort to discredit him. Regarding the second claim, Nosenko told his debriefers that he had been personally responsible for handling Oswald's case and that the KGB had judged Oswald unfit for their services due to mental instability and had not even attempted to debrief Oswald about his work on the U-2 spy planes during his service in the United States Marine Corps. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Although other KGB sources corroborated Nosenko's story, he repeatedly failed lie detector tests. A polygraph (popularly referred to as a Lie detector) is an instrument that measures and records several physiological responses such as Blood pressure Judging the claim of not interrogating Oswald about the U-2 improbable given Oswald's familiarity with the U-2 program and faced with further challenges to Nosenko's credibility (he also falsely claimed to be a lieutenant colonel, a higher rank than he held in fact), Angleton did not object when David Murphy, then head of the Soviet Russia Division, ordered him held in solitary confinement for approximately three-and-a-half years.

Contrary to some accounts, the detention of Nosenko was not ordered by Angleton or kept secret. Without naming Nosenko, the 1975 report of the Rockefeller Commission, also known as the President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States, affirms that the CIA's Office of Security, which is responsible for the safety of defectors, the Attorney General, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the United States Intelligence Board, and select members of Congress were all apprised of Nosenko's detention. The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice (see) concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Nosenko never changed his story.

James Angleton came to public attention in the United States when the Church Commission (formally known as the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities), following up on the Warren Commission, probed the CIA for information about the Kennedy assassination. The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as The Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963 The Nosenko episode does not appear to have shaken Angleton's faith in Golitsyn, although Helms and J. Edgar Hoover took the contrary position. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Postnominal initials Hoover's objections are said to have been so vehement as to curtail severely counterintelligence cooperation between the FBI and CIA for the remainder of Hoover's service as the FBI's director. Directors of the Federal Bureau of Investigation are appointed by the President of the United States.

As Golitsyn helped Angleton identify sections within the Soviet Russian Division that were leaking information to the Soviets, Angleton pressed Golitsyn on the KGB technique and strategy for planting information at the CIA. Golitsyn's indication was that the KGB was orchestrating a larger campaign to understand how the CIA analyzed information, supporting a larger goal of a capability to manipulate the CIA to unwittingly assist the KGB in their objectives.

Angleton extrapolated from this his theory of a "wilderness of mirrors" (the term is thought to be a reference to T. S. Eliot's "Gerontion"), which entailed that the KGB was capable of manipulating the CIA to believe what they wanted through channels that the CIA was unable to identify and defend against. Gerontion is a poem by T S Eliot that was first published in 1920 In the wake of Golitsyn's establishing to Angleton's satisfaction the existence of KGB moles in the Soviet Russia Division, Angleton effectively suspended the careers of those in the teams alleged to be compromised.

Increasing paranoia

Angleton became increasingly convinced that the CIA was thoroughly compromised by the KGB, and Golitsyn convinced him that the KGB had been reorganized in 1958 and 1959 to consist mostly of a shell of pawns, who were the people the CIA and FBI were recruiting at the time, directed by a small cabal of agents who managed those pawns to manipulate their Western counterparts. Hoover eventually curbed cooperation with the CIA because Angleton refused to relent on this hypothesis, and Angleton came into increasing conflict with the rest of the CIA, particularly the Directorate of Operations, over the efficacy of their intelligence-gathering efforts, which he questioned without having to elaborate his larger views on KGB strategy and organization. DCI Helms was not willing to tolerate the resulting paralysis. Golitsyn, who was after all a major in the KGB and had defected years before, was able to marshal few facts to provide concrete support for his far-reaching theoretical views of the KGB. The senior leadership of the CIA came to this conclusion after a hearing in 1968, and Angleton was thereafter unable to directly draw upon Golitsyn.

In the period of the Vietnam War and Soviet-American detente, Angleton was convinced of the necessity of the war and believed that the strategic calculations underlying the resumption of relations with China were based on a KGB staging of the Sino-Soviet split. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Détente is a French term meaning a relaxing or easing the term has been used in international politics since the early 1970s Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES He went so far as to speculate that Henry Kissinger might be under KGB influence. Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 During this period, Angleton's counter-intelligence staff undertook the most comprehensive domestic covert surveillance project (called the Operation CHAOS) under the direction of President Lyndon Johnson. Operation CHAOS or Operation MHCHAOS was the code name for a domestic espionage project conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency. The prevailing belief at the time was that the anti-war and civil rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s had foreign funding and support. These types of activities were the very ones that the CIA was fomenting in other countries, so it was not outlandish to privately question the presence of foreign support and influence.

DCI William Colby reorganized the CIA in an effort to curb Angleton's influence, beginning with stripping him of control over the Israeli "account," which had the effect of weakening counter-intelligence. William Egan Colby ( January 4, 1920 – April 27, 1996) spent a career in Intelligence for the United States culminating in holding Colby demanded Angleton's resignation, after Seymour Hersh told Colby on December 20, 1974, that he was going to publish a story in The New York Times about domestic counter-intelligence activities under Angleton's direction against antiwar protesters and other domestic dissident organizations, in violation of the CIA Charter and the National Security Act, which assigned all such domestic functions to the FBI rather than the CIA. Seymour (Sy Myron Hersh (born April 8, 1937) is an American Pulitzer Prize winning investigative Journalist and Author Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. (None of these violations were included in the subsequent Rockefeller Commission report).

These illegal surveillance activities resulted in the generation of 10,000 case files on American citizens and included such information collection methods as opening mail (Angleton is rumoured to have maintained that practice since the 1950s, when he brought to Dulles's attention how the American Federation of Labor had directed funds diverted to them by the CIA). The American Federation of Labor (AFL was one of the first federations of labor unions in the United States The intelligence so gathered was said to have been reported directly to DCI Helms. Opening mail has since been made obsolete by x-ray technology.

Throughout the 1960s and 1970s Angleton privately accused various foreign leaders of being Soviet spies. He twice informed the Royal Canadian Mounted Police that he believed Prime Minister Lester Pearson and his successor Pierre Trudeau were agents of the Soviet Union. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus In 1964, under pressure from Angleton, the RCMP detained John Watkins, a close friend of Pearson and formerly Canadian Ambassador to the Soviet Union; Watkins died during interrogation by the RCMP and CIA, and was subsequently cleared of suspicion. John Watkins (1902 – 12 October 1964) was an educator and Canadian Ambassador to the USSR (1954–1956 He accused Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme of using his NATO access to benefit the USSR, and West German Chancellor Willy Brandt and British Prime Minister Harold Wilson of the same. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Prime Minister (statsminister literally "Minister of the State" is the Head of government in Sweden. Sven Olof Joachim Palme ( ( 30 January 1927 – 28 February 1986) was a Swedish politician The North Atlantic Treaty West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (18 December 1913 - 8 October 1992 was a German politician Chancellor of West Germany 1969&ndash1974 Interestingly, Brandt later had to resign because one of his aides was found to be a mole from the East German secret police, Stasi. He came to suspect Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, who wryly commented that even the most brilliant and loyal officers should not spend their entire careers in such pressurized and paranoid fields. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Angleton also privately accused numerous members of Congress and President Gerald Ford of such influence. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President His notorious pursuit of the "5th Man," whom he believed had penetrated a secret agency in Washington was solved, he believed, when DCI William Colby fired him. William Egan Colby ( January 4, 1920 – April 27, 1996) spent a career in Intelligence for the United States culminating in holding No one was above suspicion, and even Angleton himself was accused by others of working for the Soviets.

Resignation

Angleton's resignation was announced on Christmas Eve of 1975, just as President Ford demanded that Colby report on the allegations and as various Congressional committees announced they would launch their own inquiries. Angleton was never prosecuted for his involvement in the surveillance of antiwar protesters and domestic dissidents. Three of Angleton's senior aides in counter-intelligence, his deputy Raymond Rocca, executive officer of the counter-intelligence division William J. Hood, and Angleton's chief of operations Newton S. Miller, were coaxed into retirement within a week of his resignation after it was made clear that they would be transferred elsewhere in the agency rather than promoted, and the counter-intelligence staff was reduced from 300 people to 80.

Hersh reported that Angleton subsequently called him to claim that Angleton's wife, Cicely, had left him as a result of the story. A friend of Hersh's immediately laughed off this claim, telling Hersh that Angleton's wife had left him years ago and since returned—and knew well enough that Angleton worked for the CIA. Indeed, they remained friendly for years after they began living apart, and yearly took a vacation together to his beloved fishing spot. Here he was known as a fisherman and a documentor of the River, but not for his profession, although it was known quietly. Rumours swirled around Washington thereafter that Colby was himself the KGB mole, but these were never conclusively attributed to Angleton. Angleton was awarded the Distinguished Intelligence Medal, the CIA's second highest honor, in 1975. The Distinguished Intelligence Medal is awarded by the Central Intelligence Agency for performance of outstanding services or for achievement of a distinctly exceptional

Golitsyn was considered discredited within the CIA even before Angleton's ousting, but the two did not appear to have lost their faith in one another. They sought the assistance of William F. Buckley, Jr. (himself once a CIA man) in authoring New Lies for Old, which advanced the argument that the USSR planned to fake its collapse to lull its enemies into a false sense of victory. William Frank Buckley Jr ( November 24 1925  – February 27 2008) was an American Author and conservative Buckley refused but later went on to write a novel about Angleton, Spytime: The Undoing of James Jesus Angleton.

Legacy

Angleton's tour of duty in Italy as an intelligence officer is long regarded as a critical turn not only in his professional life, wherein he helped recover Mussolini's and the Nazi's looted treasures from other European countries and Africa, but also for the Agency itself. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German His personal liaisons with known Italian warlord figures and the Mafia, who were against the strong rule of Il Duce, were credited to have enriched the tradecraft of operatives, especially in handling highly specialized operations such as assassination and cover-ups. The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra) is a Sicilian Criminal Secret society which is believed to have first developed in the mid-19th century A cover-up is an attempt whether successful or not to conceal evidence of wrong-doing error Incompetence, or other embarrassing information The relationship Angleton had forged had helped the CIA to employ many of these tactics for its overseas operations against the enemies of the U. S. Government. In the immediate period after World War II, Angleton took charge of the CIA's effort to subvert Italian elections to prevent communist and communist-related parties from gaining political leverage in the parliament. The Parliament of Italy ( Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of Italy.

“ Deception is a state of mind and the mind of the State. ”

— James Angleton[4][5]

Angleton's zeal and paranoia were regarded as counter-productive, if not destructive, for the CIA. In the wake of his departure, counterintelligence efforts were undertaken with far less enthusiasm. Some believe that this overcompensation is responsible for the oversights that allowed Aldrich Ames, Robert Hanssen, and many others to compromise the CIA, the FBI, and American intelligence community generally long after his departure. Aldrich Hazen Ames (born May 26 1941) is a former Central Intelligence Agency Counter-intelligence officer and analyst who in 1994 was convicted Robert Philip Hanssen (born April 18, 1944) is a former American FBI agent who spied for the Russian KGB against the United The United States Intelligence Community (IC is a cooperative federation of 16 separate United States government agencies that work together to conduct intelligence However, America's ability to conduct covert operations abroad in the wake of the Church Committee somehow rebounded despite the negative publicity. In fact, when Aldrich Ames was beginning his treasonous activities in 1984, the United States through the CIA was preparing the Iran-Contra deals. The Iran-Contra affair was a political scandal which was revealed in November 1986 as a result of earlier events during the Reagan administration. The American intelligence community bounced back fast from the embarrassments of the Church Committee, and yet it was incongruously unable to police itself after Angleton's departure.

Edward Jay Epstein is among those who have argued that the positions of Ames and Hanssen, both well-placed Soviet counterintelligence agents, in the CIA and FBI respectively, would collectively allow the KGB to deceive the American intelligence community in a manner Angleton clearly hypothesized. Edward Jay Epstein (born 1935 is an American Journalist. Epstein attended Cornell University during the 1960s where he received his BA [2]

The 1970s were generally a period of upheaval for the CIA. During George H. W. Bush's tenure as DCI, President Ford authorized the creation of a "Team B" under the aegis of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board — the group (in fact, groups) so assembled concluded that the Agency and intelligence community generally had, in particular, seriously underestimated strategic nuclear strength in Central Europe in their National Intelligence Estimate. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Team B was a competitive analysis exercise commissioned by the Central Intelligence Agency in the 1970s to analyze threats the Soviet Union posed to the The President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB is an advisor to the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and National Intelligence Estimates ( NIEs) are United States federal government documents that are the authoritative assessment of the Director of National Intelligence The Church Commission brought no small number of skeletons out of the Agency's closet. The organization inherited by Admiral Stansfield Turner on his appointment as DCI by President Jimmy Carter in 1977 was shortly to face further cuts, and Turner used Angleton as a whipping boy for the excesses in the Agency he hoped to curb, both during his service and in his memoirs. Stansfield M Turner (born December 1, 1923 in Highland Park, Illinois, USA) was an Admiral and Director of Central James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002

A handful of CIA employees had their careers frozen after coming under the suspicions of Angleton and his staff, and the CIA has since had to pay out large awards to three to whom no reasonable explanation could be offered in mitigation of actions taken affecting their careers, under what Agency employees have called the Mole Relief Act. One hundred twenty employees are said to have been placed on review, fifty investigated, and sixteen considered serious suspects.

When Golitsyn defected, he claimed that the CIA had a mole who had been stationed in West Germany, was of Slavic descent, had a last name which may have ended in "sky" and definitely began with a "K," and operated under KGB codename "Sasha. " Angleton believed this claim, with the result that anyone who approximated this description fell under his suspicion.

Despite misgivings over his uncompromising and often obsessive inclination to his profession, Angleton is highly regarded by his peers in the intelligence business. Former Shin Bet chief Amos Manor, in a recent interview in Ha'aretz, revealed his fascination for the man during Angleton's essential work to forge U. Amos Manor ( October 8, 1918 &ndash August 5, 2007) born Arthur Mendelowitz, was a former Director of the Shin Bet, (הארץ "The land" referring to the Land of Israel) founded in 1918 is Israel 's oldest Daily newspaper. S. -Israel liaison in the early 1950s whom Manor described as "fanatic about everything," with a "tendency towards mystification. " Manor discovered decades after that the real reason for Angleton's visit to him was actually to investigate Manor himself, being a Eastern European Jewish immigrant, for James Angleton thought that it would be prudent to "sanitize" the U. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ S. -Israel bridge first before a more formal liaison was established.

The term Angletonian is an adjective used to describe something conspiratorial, overly paranoid, bizarre, eerie or arcane.

CIA Family Jewels

The recently released internal CIA investigation prompted by the 1970s Church Committee indicated the far-ranging power and influence he wielded during his tenure as counterintelligence czar. The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a The exposé showed Angleton-planned infiltration of law enforcement and military organizations in other countries as a way to increase the influence of the United States. It also confirmed past rumors that it was he who was in charge of the domestic spying activities of the CIA called CHAOS Program. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The CHAOS Program was a domestic surveillance program conducted mainly by the CIA at the behest of Lyndon Johnson. [3]

In popular culture

References

  1. ^ "Jesus" is pronounced in the Spanish manner, ~ heh-SUS.
  2. ^ Graff, Vincent (24-30 November 2007). "Know Your Enemy". Radio Times (48): 26-29. For the US radio series see WHYY-FM. Radio Times is the BBC 's weekly Television and Radio programme  
  3. ^ Haaretz, 11/3/2006
  4. ^ Deception: The Invisible War Between the KGB and the CIA
  5. ^ Operation Gladio

See also

External links

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