James Benjamin Blish
Born	May 23, 1921(1921-05-23) East Orange, New Jersey
Died	July 30, 1975 (aged 54) Henley-on-Thames, England
Pen name	William Atheling Jr. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, USA As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 69824 Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Henley-on-Thames is a town on the north side of the River Thames in south Oxfordshire, England, about 10 miles downstream and north-east from England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity
Occupation	Science Fiction Writer, Fantasy Writer, Science Fiction Critic
Nationality	USA
Writing period	1956 - 1975
Genres	Science Fiction, Fantasy
Influences James Branch Cabell
[www.blish.org Official website] www.blish.org

James Benjamin Blish (East Orange, New Jersey, May 23, 1921 – Henley-on-Thames, July 30, 1975) was an American author of fantasy and science fiction. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting James Branch Cabell ( April 14, 1879 - May 5, 1958) was an American Author of Fantasy fiction and Belles East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, USA As of the United States 2000 Census, the city had a total population of 69824 New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Henley-on-Thames is a town on the north side of the River Thames in south Oxfordshire, England, about 10 miles downstream and north-east from Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Blish also wrote criticism of science fiction using the pen-name William Atheling Jr. A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity

Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2.1 Cities in Flight 2.2 After Such Knowledge 2.3 The Seedling Stars (Pantropy) 2.4 Other 3 Selected bibliography 3.1 Cities in Flight 3.2 After Such Knowledge 3.3 Others 3.4 Anthologies 3.5 Non-fiction 4 More on James Blish 5 Honors, Awards and Recognition 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links

Biography

In the late 1930's to the early 1940's, Blish was a member of the Futurians. The Futurians were an influential group of Science fiction fans, many of whom became editors and writers as well

Blish trained as a biologist at Rutgers and Columbia University, and spent 1942–1944 as a medical technician in the U.S. Army. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. After the war he became the science editor for the Pfizer pharmaceutical company. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales His first published story appeared in 1940, and his writing career progressed until he gave up his job to become a professional writer. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

He is credited with coining the term gas giant, in the story "Solar Plexus" as it appeared in the anthology Beyond Human Ken, edited by Judith Merril. A gas giant (sometimes also known as a Jovian planet after the planet Jupiter, or giant planet) is a large Planet that is not primarily Judith Josephine Grossman ( January 21, 1923 - September 12, 1997) who took the pen-name Judith Merril about 1945 was an (The story was originally published in 1941, but that version did not contain the term; Blish apparently added it in a rewrite done for the anthology, which was first published in 1952. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. )

Blish was married to the literary agent Virginia Kidd from 1947 to 1963. Virginia Kidd ( June 2, 1921 - January 11, 2003) was an American Literary agent, writer and editor particularly influential

Between 1967 and his death in 1975, Blish became the first author to write short story collections based upon the classic TV series Star Trek. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Star Trek is a Science fiction Television series created by Gene Roddenberry that aired from September 8, 1966 through In total, Blish wrote 11 volumes of short stories adapted from episodes of the 1960s TV series, as well as an original novel, Spock Must Die! in 1970 — the first original novel for adult readers based upon the series (since then hundreds more have been published). Spock Must Die! (ISBN 0-553-24634-8 is a Star Trek novel by James Blish released in 1970 Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He died midway through writing Star Trek 12; his wife, J. A. Lawrence, completed the book, and later completed the adaptations in the volume Mudd's Angels.

Blish lived in Milford, Pennsylvania at Arrowhead until the mid-1960s. Arrowhead is the name that Science fiction writer James Blish and his wife Literary agent and science fiction writer Virginia Kidd, gave to In 1968, Blish emigrated to England, and lived in Oxford until his death from lung cancer in 1975. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He is buried in Holywell Cemetery, Oxford, near the grave of Kenneth Grahame. Holywell Cemetery is next to St Cross Church in Oxford, England. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Kenneth Grahame ( March 8, 1859 – July 6, 1932) was a British Writer, most famous for The Wind in the Willows

Works

Cities in Flight

Perhaps Blish's most famous works were the "Okies" stories, known collectively as "Cities in Flight", published in the science-fiction digest magazine Astounding Science Fiction. Okie is a term dating from as early as 1907 denoting a resident or native of Oklahoma. Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American Science fiction Magazine. The framework for these was set in the first of four novels, They Shall Have Stars, which introduces two essential features of the series. The first is the invention of the anti-aging drug ascomycin; Blish's employer Pfizer makes a thinly disguised appearance as Pfitzner in a section showing the screening of biological samples for interesting activity. (Pfizer also appears in disguise as one of the sponsors of the polar expedition in a subsequent book, Fallen Star). The second is the development of an antigravity device known as the "spindizzy". Anti-gravity is the idea of creating a place or object that is free from the force of Gravity. The spindizzy is the nickname given to a fictional Anti-gravity device invented by James Blish for his series Cities in Flight. Since the device becomes more efficient when used to propel larger objects, entire cities leave an Earth in decline and rove the stars, looking for work among less-industrialized systems. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The long life provided by ascomycin is necessary because the journeys between stars are time-consuming.

They Shall Have Stars is dystopian science fiction of a type common in the era of McCarthyism. A dystopia (from the Greek δυσ- and τόπος alternatively cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the vision of a society McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s The second, A Life For The Stars, is a coming of age story set amid flying cities. Coming of age is a young person's transition from Adolescence to Adulthood The age at which this transition takes place varies in society as does the nature The third, Earthman, Come Home, is a series of loosely connected short stories detailing the adventures of a flying New York City; it was selected as one of the best novellas prior to 1965 by the Science Fiction Writers of America and as such, was reprinted in The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume Two. The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such The City of New York A novella is a written, Fictional Prose Narrative longer than a Novelette but shorter than a Novel. Science Fiction Writers of America, or SFWA (ˈsɪfwə or /ˈsɛfwə/ was founded in 1965 by Damon Knight. The Science Fiction Hall of Fame Volume Two The Greatest Science Fiction Novellas of All Time (1973 is an anthology edited by Ben Bova.

For his fourth and final installment, The Triumph of Time (UK title: A Clash of Cymbals), Blish set the end of his literature's universe in 4004 AD. ^[1] (The chronology in early editions of They Shall Have Stars differed somewhat from the later reprints, indicating that Blish, or his editors, may not have planned this at the beginning of the series. ) A film version of Cities in Flight was in pre-production by Spacefilms in 1979, but never materialized. ^[2]

After Such Knowledge

Blish declared that another group of novels was a trilogy, each dealing with an aspect of the price of knowledge, and given the overall name of "After Such Knowledge" (the title taken from a T. S. Eliot quote). Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. The first published, A Case of Conscience (a winner of the 1959 Hugo Award as well as 2004/1953 Retrospective Hugo Award for Best Novella), showed a Jesuit priest confronted with an alien intelligent race, apparently unfallen, which he eventually concludes must be a Satanic fabrication. A Case of Conscience is a Science fiction novel by James Blish, first published in 1958. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally The second, Doctor Mirabilis, is a historical novel about the medieval proto-scientist Roger Bacon. For the Nova Scotia premier see Roger Bacon (politician. Roger Bacon, O The third, actually two very short novels, Black Easter and The Day after Judgement, was written using the assumption that the ritual magic for summoning demons as described in grimoires actually worked. Black Easter is a Nebula Award -nominated Fantasy Novel by James Blish in which an arms dealer hires a Black magician to ' The Day After Judgment' Is the second of a pair of novels by James Blish. A grimoire (grɪˈmwɑr is a textbook of magic. Books of this genre typically giving instructions for invoking Angels or Demons performing

The Seedling Stars (Pantropy)

Blish's most famous short stories are the "Pantropy" tales, collected in the book The Seedling Stars. Pantropy is a hypothetical process of Space colonization in which rather than Terraforming other planets or building Space habitats suitable for human habitation The Seedling Stars is a 1957 collection of Science fiction short stories by James Blish. In these stories, humans are modified to live in various alien environments, this being easier and vastly cheaper than terraforming. The terraforming (literally "Earth-shaping" of a Planet, moon, or other body is the hypothetical process of deliberately modifying its

• Book One (Seeding Program) is about the inception of Pantropy, when the Pantropy program appears to have deteriorated into hideous genetic experimenting and has been outlawed. It describes Sweeney, a modified ("adapted") human whose metabolism is based on liquid ammonia and sulphur bonds and whose bones are made from ice IV, who is inserted into a colony on Ganymede by the Terran Port Authority (a para-military organization) to capture a renegade scientist and end his plans to seed modified humans on distant worlds. Ice is a Solid phase, usually crystalline, of a Non-metalic substance that is liquid or gas at Room temperature, such as Ammonia A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military force but which are not regarded as having the same status However, the government really only tries to derail pantropy because it will cut their profits from terraforming attempts. Sweeney is surprised to find a well established, functioning community on Ganymede and eventually realizes that he was just used as an expendable agent and that he has been fed false hopes about the possibility of being changed into a normal human being who could live on earth. Having found a real home, he switches sides and with his help the Ganymede colony manages to launch their seed ships to secret destinations, beyond the reach of the corrupt government.

• Book Two (The Thing in the Attic) depicts a very successful seeding project. It tells the story of a small group of intellectuals from a primitive culture of modified monkey-like humans living in the trees of their jungle world. Having openly voiced the opinion that the godly giants do not literally exist as put down in the book of laws, they are banished from the treetops for heresy. In their exile on the ground they have to adapt to vastly different circumstances, fight monsters resembling dinosaurs, and finally happen upon the godly giants - who turn out to be human scientists who have just arrived on the world to monitor the progress of the local adapted humans. The protagonists are told by the scientists that their whole race must eventually leave the treetops to conquer their world and that they have become pioneers of some sort for accomplishing survival.

• Book Three (Surface Tension) gives another example of a culture of adapted humans: A pantropy starship crashes on an ocean world, Hydrot, which is on orbit around Tau Ceti. Tau Ceti (τ Cet / τ Ceti ˌtaʊ ˈsiːtaɪ is a Star in the Constellation Cetus that is similar to the Sun in Mass and With no hope for rescue, the few survivors modify their own genetic material to seed tiny aquatic "humans" into the lakes and puddles of the world and leave them a message engraved in tiny metal plates. The story then tells how over many seasons, the adapted human newcomers explore their aquatic environment, make alliances, invent tools, fight wars with hostile beings and finally gain dominance over the sentient beings of their world. They develop new technologies and manage to decipher some of the message on the metal plates. Finally they build a wooden "space ship" (which turns out to be two inches long) to overcome the surface tension and travel to "other worlds" - the next puddle - in search of their ancestry, as they have come to realize that they are not native to their world.

• Book Four (Watershed) takes a look at the more distant future. A very long time after the beginning of the Pantropy program, a starship crewed by "standard" humans is enroute to some unimportant backwater planet to deliver a pantropy team who are "adapted" humans resembling seals more than humans. Due to racial prejudices, tension mounts between the crew and the passengers onboard. When the captain decides to restrict the passengers to their cabins to prevent the situation from escalating, the leader of the adapted humans informs him that the planet ahead is Earth, where the "normal" human form once developed. He challenges the "normal" humans to follow him onto the surface of their ancestral home planet and prove that they are superior to the "adapted" seal people who will now be seeded there - or admit that they were beaten on their own grounds. The story concludes as the captain and his lieutenant silently ponder the possibility that they, being "standard" humans, are just a minority, and an obsolete species.

(The German title of the anthology is Auch sie sind Menschen. . . , literally "They, too, are humans". The stories' titles are Aussaatplan, Himmel und Hölle, Oberflächenspannung and Rückkehr respectively, which would literally translate back into English as "Seeding plan", "Heaven and Hell", "Surface tension" and "Return" or "Homecoming". However, except for Surface Tension the original English titles seem to be different. )

Other

Blish collaborated with Norman L. Knight on a series of stories set in a world with a population a thousand times that of today, and followed the efforts of those keeping the system running, collected in one volume as A Torrent of Faces.
Included in this collection is Blish's Nebula-nominated novella 'The Shipwrecked Hotel' - a story about a semi-submerged hotel with approximately a million guests which experiences a massive computer failure (a result of escaped silverfish) and begins to sink.
Running parallel to all the side-plots is the inevitable catastrophe of the mile-wide asteroid 'Flavia' striking near the east coast of the USA.
The stories are also notable for including a form of pantropy that has been used to modify humans into a sea-dwelling form known as 'Tritons'. Pantropy is a hypothetical process of Space colonization in which rather than Terraforming other planets or building Space habitats suitable for human habitation

Selected bibliography

Cities in Flight

• They Shall Have Stars (1956) (also published under the title Year 2018!)
• A Life for the Stars (1962)
• Earthman Come Home (1955) G. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) P. Putnam's Sons, New York.
• A Clash of Cymbals, (published in the US as The Triumph of Time) (1959)

A one-volume collection of all four Cities in Flight books exists, first published in the US by Avon (1970), (ISBN 0380009986) and later in the UK by Arrow (1981), (ISBN 0099264404), which includes an analysis of the work (pp. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 597 onwards) as an Afterword by Richard D. Mullen, derived from an original article by Leland Shapiro in the publication Riverside Quarterly. It is now available in hardcover and trade paperback from Overlook Press. Outside the US, a single volume collecting all four books is available from Gollancz as part of its SF Masterworks series. SF Masterworks is a series of Science fiction books originally published by Millennium but currently by Gollancz (both being imprints of the UK based Orion Publishing This edition includes a new (2006) introduction by Stephen Baxter; and uses the original US title The Triumph of Time for A Clash of Cymbals.

After Such Knowledge

• A Case of Conscience (first section published in If magazine, 1953, expanded version published 1958)
• Doctor Mirabilis (1964)
• Black Easter or Faust Aleph-null (serialised as Faust aleph-null in If magazine, 1968)
• The Day After Judgment (published in Galaxy magazine in 1970, book publication 1971)

(Black Easter and The Day After Judgment were combined in The Devil's Day, first Baen printing, 1990)

Others

• There Shall Be No Darkness (1950) -- horror story where guests at a remote country estate discover that one of them is a werewolf. A Case of Conscience is a Science fiction novel by James Blish, first published in 1958. If was an American Science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications owned by James L Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Black Easter is a Nebula Award -nominated Fantasy Novel by James Blish in which an arms dealer hires a Black magician to If was an American Science fiction magazine launched in March 1952 by Quinn Publications owned by James L Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ' The Day After Judgment' Is the second of a pair of novels by James Blish. Galaxy Science Fiction was a digest-size Science fiction magazine, the creation of noted editor H Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Baen Books is an American Publishing company established in 1983 by long time Science Fiction publisher and editor Jim Baen. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) There Shall Be No Darkness is a horror story by James Blish that was published in 1950 Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• The Warriors of Day (1951)
• Jack of Eagles (1952)
• The Seedling Stars (1957)
• Get out of my Sky (1957)
• Fallen Star (1957) — Set in the International Geophysical Year of 1958, it tells the story of a disaster-ridden polar expedition that finds a meteorite containing fossil life forms. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Seedling Stars is a 1957 collection of Science fiction short stories by James Blish. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Get out of my Sky is a 1957 Science fiction novella by James Blish. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The International Geophysical Year or IGY was an international scientific effort that lasted from July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958 Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• VOR (1958) Avon Publications, Inc. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. , New York, in wrappers (paperback).
• Galactic Cluster (stories, 1959)
• So Close to Home (stories, 1961)
• The Star Dwellers (1961)
• Titans' Daughter (also under the title Beanstalk) (1961)
• The Night Shapes (1962)
• The Duplicated Man (with R. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. W. Lowndes, 1959)
• Best Science Fiction Stories of James Blish (stories, 1965)
• Mission to the Heart Stars (1965)
• Welcome to Mars! (1967)
• A Torrent of Faces (with Norman L. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Knight, 1967)
• The Vanished Jet (1968)
• And All the Stars a Stage (1971)
• Midsummer Century (1972)
• The Quincunx of Time (1973)
• Star Trek 1-12 (1967-1975) Novelizations of the scripts of the well-known TV series. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Quincunx of Time is a short Science fiction novel by James Blish. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. James Blish wrote a series of short stories adaptations of Star Trek episodes from 1967 to 1975 called simply Star Trek. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Star Trek is a Science fiction Television series created by Gene Roddenberry that aired from September 8, 1966 through
• Spock Must Die! (1970) The second original Star Trek novel. Spock Must Die! (ISBN 0-553-24634-8 is a Star Trek novel by James Blish released in 1970 Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Anthologies

• New Dreams This Morning (1966)

Non-fiction

Blish wrote criticism of science fiction (some quite scathing) under the name of William Atheling Jr, as well as reviewing under his own name. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. : the Atheling articles were reprinted in two collections, The Issue at Hand (1964) and More Issues at Hand (1970), and the posthumous The Tale That Wags The God 1987 collects Blish essays. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar)

He was a fan of the works of James Branch Cabell, and for a time edited Kalki, the journal of the Cabell Society. James Branch Cabell ( April 14, 1879 - May 5, 1958) was an American Author of Fantasy fiction and Belles

More on James Blish

• Imprisoned in a Tesseract, the life and work of James Blish by David Ketterer ISBN 0-87338-334-6
• April 1972 issue of Fantasy and Science Fiction — Special James Blish Issue

Honors, Awards and Recognition

• 1959 Hugo Award for A Case of Conscience "Best Novel"
• 1960 Guest of Honor, World Science Fiction Convention
• 1965 Nebula Award nomination for "The Shipwrecked Hotel" "Best Novelette" (with Norman L. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (later Fantasy & Science Fiction and usually referred to as just F&SF) is a digest-size The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year A Case of Conscience is a Science fiction novel by James Blish, first published in 1958. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The Nebula Award is an award given each year by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA for the best Science fiction / Fantasy fiction Knight)
• 1968 Nebula Award nomination for Black Easter "Best Novel"
• 1969 Hugo Award nomination for "We All Die Naked" "Best Novella"
• 1970 Nebula Award nomination for "A Style in Treason" "Best Novella"
• 1970 Guest of honor, British Eastercon
• 1976 BSFA Special Award for Best British SF
• 1977 Creation of the James Blish award for Criticism (first winner, Brian Aldiss)
• 1950/2001 Retro-Hugo Award nomination for "Okie" "Best Novelette"
• 2002 Elected to Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame
• 1953/2004 Retro-Hugo Award for "Earthman Come Home" "Best Novelette"
• 1953/2004 Retro-Hugo Award for "A Case of Conscience" "Best Novella"

See also

• List of science fiction authors
• List of science fiction novels
• List of science fiction short stories
• List of science fiction television programs

Notes

References

• Tuck, Donald H. (1974). Donald Henry Tuck (born 1922 in Australia) is a bibliographer of Science fiction and Fantasy. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Chicago: Advent, 51-53. AdventPublishers is a publishing house founded by Earl Kemp and other members of the University of Chicago Science Fiction Club in 1956, to ISBN 0-911682-20-1.  
• Tymn, Marshall B. ; Kenneth J. Zahorski and Robert H. Boyer (1979). Fantasy Literature: A Core Collection and Reference Guide. New York: R. R. Bowker Co. , 52-54. ISBN 0-8352-1431-1.  

External links

• Blish family genealogical record
• James Blish at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic