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For another botanist of the same name see James Backhouse (botanist, 1825-1890). James Backhouse (1825-1890 Botanist, Archaeologist, and Geologist.

James Backhouse (8 July 1794 – 20 January 1869) was a botanist and missionary for the Quaker church in Australia. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Backhouse was the fourth child of James and Mary Backhouse a quaker business family of Darlington, Yorkshire, England. Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland His father died when he was a child and his mother brought him up in a religious atmosphere. He was educated in Leeds and began work in a grocery, drug and chemical business, but he developed tuberculosis and he decided to adopt an outdoor life. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common An uncle helped him in the study of botany, and in 1815, with his brother Thomas, he purchased the nursery business of J. and G. Telford at York. In 1822 he married Deborah Lowe, and in 1824 he was admitted as a minister in the Society of Friends. In December 1827 his wife died leaving him with a son and a daughter. In September 1831, with George Washington Walker, he sailed for Australia on a mission to the convicts and settlers. George Washington Walker ( 19 March 1800 – 2 February 1859) was a Missionary for the Church called Religious Society For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. They arrived at Hobart in February 1832, and the next six years were spent in missionary journeys all over the then settled districts of Tasmania, New South Wales, and as far north as the site of Brisbane. Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Port Phillip was visited in 1837, and South and Western Australia just before they left.

A Narrative of a Visit to the Australian Colonies (1843) by James Backhouse, tells the story of their travels and has much of interest relating to the aborigines, the convicts, the social conditions of the time, and the botany of Australia. Both missioners then went to Mauritius and South Africa and continued their work, preaching whenever a few people could be gathered together to hear them. Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Backhouse even succeeded in learning enough Dutch to be able to preach in that language. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname He returned to England and arrived at London on 15 February 1841. An account of his African experiences will be found in A Narrative of a Visit to the Mauritius and South Africa (1844).

Backhouse took up the nursery again, and when his brother died in 1845, brought his own son James into the business. He kept up his religious work for the whole of his life, travelling and preaching much in England, Scotland and Ireland. In addition to the works already mentioned Backhouse wrote or edited A Memoir of Deborah Backhouse (1828), Memoirs of Francis Howgill (1828), Extracts from the Letters of James Backhouse (1838-41), The Life and Correspondence of William and Alice Ellis (1849), A Short Record of the Life and Experiences of Thomas Bulman (1851), and numerous sermons, addresses and tracts. With Charles Tylor he wrote The Life and Labours of George Washington Walker (1862). His son, James Backhouse, was the author of A Handbook of European Birds (1890) and other publications. Another son, Robert Backhouse competed in the archery events of the 1900 Summer Olympics and was also notable as the breeder of the first "pink" daffodil. Robert Ormston Backhouse (born 1854 in Darlington, County Durham - died 10 April, 1940) was a British archer. The 1900 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the II Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1900 in

References

  1. ^ Brummitt, R. K. ; C. E. Powell (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, usually referred to simply as Kew Gardens, are extensive Gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and ISBN 1-84246-085-4.  
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