Jakow Trachtenberg (17 June 1888 - 1953) was a Russian mathematician who developed the mental calculation techniques called the Trachtenberg system. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Mental calculation comprises mathematical Calculations using only the Human brain, with no help from a Calculator or Computer, or Pen The Trachtenberg System is a system of rapid Mental calculation, somewhat similar to Vedic mathematics. He was born in Odessa, Russian Empire (today Ukraine). ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. He graduated with highest honors from the Mining Engineering Institute in St. Petersburg and later worked as an engineer in the Obuschoff shipyards. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River While still in his early twenties, he became Chief Engineer with 11,000 men under his supervision.
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Trachtenberg escaped to Germany where he became very critical of Hitler. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. As a result, he was imprisoned in a Nazi concentration camp during World War II. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He developed his system of mental arithmetic during his imprisonment. Mental calculation comprises mathematical Calculations using only the Human brain, with no help from a Calculator or Computer, or Pen Through the help of his wife who pawned her jewelry to bribe the guards, Trachtenberg managed to escape from the concentration camp and went to Switzerland, where he developed his system further. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation In 1950, Trachtenberg founded the Mathematical Institute in Zürich where he taught about his system. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the
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Early life
Trachtenberg was a dedicated pacifist. When the war broke out in 1914 he was instrumental in organising a society known as the Society of Good Samaritans. The idea was to train Russian students to take care of the wounded. This also had a special recognition from the Czar. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. He was against any violence of any sort and brutality to any nature. He refused to accept defeat even under trying conditions.
He worked as an engineer in the Obuschoff shipyards after graduation. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. Shipyards and dockyards are places which repair and build ships These can be Yachts military He was promoted as Chief Engineer with thousands of men under his supervision. The rulers gave him the responsibility of forming a well-developed navy under his supervision.
Life in Germany and World War II
His expectation of a peaceful life ended with the Russian Revolution of 1917. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them In 1918 the Imperial family was liquidated and new rulers took over. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya He was very critical of the new government, and soon learned that the rulers wanted to murder him.
Disguising himself he escaped to Berlin which became his new home. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. He worked as an editor for a magazine publishing company always recommending for a peaceful future. He became an expert on Russian affairs and wrote also a book on Russian industry. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" When fascism came in and Hitler was ruling the country Tractenberg was very critical of him recommending peaceful existence. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Knowing that Hitler has marked him for removal he escaped to Vienna in Austria with his wife. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich There he worked for a scientific magazine.
After the Anschluss, Tractenberg was captured and sent to prison. The ( German: "link-up" also known as the, was the 1938 Annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the Nazi A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of From there he escaped and fled to Yugoslavia with his wife where he lived incognito. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian This was only short-lived as the Nazis caught him and transported him to a concentration camp. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial
He diverted his attention to think on manipulation of numbers to forget the ruthlessness he witnessed in the concentration camp. A number is an Abstract object, tokens of which are Symbols used in Counting and measuring. Without any paper or pencil he worked mentally and only scribbled the final results on any bit of paper he could lay hands on.
In 1944, after almost seven years in prison, when he learned that he was to be executed, his wife bribed the guards and got him transferred to another prison from where he escaped incognito and ran for his life with his wife. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Again he was caught and sent to another prison from where he escaped to Switzerland with the help of his wife who pawned her jewelry to bribe the guards. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
Life after the war
In Switzerland he started teaching his mental manipulation of numbers, which became very popular. He was especially successful with children who had had problems with ordinary mathematical education. Finally in 1950 he founded the Mathematical Institute in Zurich which became known worldwide for its methodology of teaching. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the
References
- Jakow Trachtenberg, adapted by Ann Cutler and Rudolph McShane (1965). The Speed System of Basic Mathematics. London: Pan Books Ltd.
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