Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora (February 13, 1916 – May 3, 2005) was the commander of the Indian army in the Eastern front in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 which led to the creation of Bangladesh. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially He was born in Jhelum, British India (now, Pakistan) and died in New Delhi, India. Jhelum or Jehlum ( Urdu: جہلم) is a city in northern Punjab Province Jhelum District, Pakistan. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country
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Early career
Jagjit Singh Aurora was born into a Sikh family, he was the son of an engineer in Jhelum, in what is now Pakistan. Aroras ( Hindi: अरोड़ा Punjabi: ਅਰੋੜਾ (or Aror-vanshis Aror Bans are an urban mercantile community of the Punjab and Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Jhelum or Jehlum ( Urdu: جہلم) is a city in northern Punjab Province Jhelum District, Pakistan. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and He was commissioned into the 2nd Punjab Regiment in 1939 after his graduation from the Indian Military Academy, and went on to command it during the 1947-1948 hosilities with Pakistan in Kashmir. The 2nd Punjab Regiment was a British Indian Army regiment from 1922 to the Partition of India in 1947 The Indian Military Academy is the premier officer training school of the Indian Army. This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir He had reached the rank of brigadier by the time he was involved in border hostilities with Chinese troops in 1961. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
East Pakistan
In 1971, Aurora was made commander of Indian forces in the east, and he was responsible for hostilities in East Pakistan. In less than two weeks, the Indian Army advancing along four fronts defeated or bypassed Pakistani forces and captured Dhaka, forcing the Commander-in-Chief of East Pakistan, Lieutenant General A. The Indian Army (Bharatiya Thalsena भारतीय थाल्सेना is one of the armed forces of India and has the responsibility for land-based A. K. Niazi to surrender his forces. Instead of attacking Pakistani positions head-on, Aurora had ordered his troops to bypass them wherever possible and head straight for Dhaka. Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District.
Pakistan split in two, losing 55,000 square miles (140,000 km²) of its territory and 70 million of its people, in an operation meticulously prepared months in advance by Aurora and others. Aurora had also been closely involved in training and equipping the Mukti Bahini, a ragtag group of independence fighters who were transformed into an effective guerrilla force that harassed and demoralised the Pakistanis. Mukti Bahini (মুক্তি বাহিনী "Liberation Army" also termed as the "Freedom Fighters" or FFs collectively refers to the armed organizations Aurora had helped to oversee the logistical preparations for the coming battles, including the improvement of roads, communications and bridges, as well as the movement of 30,000 tons of supplies close to the border of East Pakistan. East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was
Surrender of Pakistan
On December 16, 1971, a day familiar to every Bangladeshi, Aurora accepted the surrender of Pakistani forces led by General Niazi. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Lieutenant General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi HJ, MC (1915 - 2 February 2004 was a general officer of the Pakistan Army. The signing of the document ended the war, and led to the formation of Bangla Desh, the name of the new country (later reduced to a single word) was used in the Instrument of Surrender, which declared: “The Pakistan Eastern Command agree to surrender all Pakistan armed forces in Bangla Desh to Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora, General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Indian and Bangla Desh forces in the Eastern Theatre. The Instrument of Surrender was signed at Ramna Race Course in Dhaka at 16 ” Aurora accepted the surrender without a word, while thousands cheered. He was hoisted on soldiers’ shoulders amid shouts of Joi Bangla (victory to Bangla).
Niazi then had to be swiftly spirited away when crowds began calling for him to be lynched. Back home, he was widely criticised for submitting to such humiliation. More than 90,000 Pakistani fighters were taken prisoner after the ceremony. The total number of uniformed personnel consist of about 79,676 of which 55692 are Army, 16354 are of paramilitary and 5296 are civilian police personnel. In addition, about 800 PAF and 1000 Pakistani Navy personnel 1. In honour of his contribution to Bangladesh liberation, Lieutenant-General Jagjit Singh Aurora was awarded the 'Bir Pratik' gallantry award by the newly formed Bangladesh nation.
Later life
After his retirement Aurora spent several years as an MP in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House of Parliament) for the Sikh party, the Akali Dal. The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism.
He fiercely opposed the 1984 army attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar, the Sikhs’ holiest shrine, to flush out armed Sikh militants who had taken up positions inside. Operation Blue Star ( ਬਿਲਯੂ ਸਟਾਰ, बिल्यू स्टार) ( June 3 to June 6, 1984) was an Indian military operation Amritsar (ਅੰਮ੍ਰਿਤਸਰ meaning The Lake of the Holy Nectar, is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar District in the state He was also a leading activist on behalf of the victims of anti-Sikh riots in Delhi in 1984, which followed the assassination of the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, by her Sikh bodyguards. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the
He died on May 3, 2005, aged 89. He is survived by a son and daughter. After his death, the eternal gratitude of Bangladesh to General Aurora was emphasised in a message to India, from Morshed Khan, the Bangladeshi Foreign Minister, stating: “Aurora will be remembered in the history of Bangladesh for his contribution during our war of liberation in 1971, when he led the allied forces. Morshed Khan ( Bangla: মোরশেদ খান (born August 8 1940 in Chittagong) was the Foreign minister of Bangladesh A minister for foreign affairs, or foreign minister, is a governmental cabinet minister who helps form the Foreign policy of a sovereign nation ” The site of the Pakistani surrender is being converted into what will be called Independence Square, with an eternal flame.
See also
External links
- 1971 war hero Lt General J S Aurora dead -Times of India article dated May 3, 2005
- Video of surrendering Pakistani Lt Gen A.A.K. Niazi at the table with victorius Indian Lt Gen J S Aurora (wearing turban) signing the Instrument of Surrender (1971) in Dhaka - Hosted on You Tube. Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji "Sam Bahadur" Jamshedji Manekshaw MC (April 3 1914 &ndash June 27 2008 was an Indian Army officer The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. The Bangladesh Liberation War (i ( Bengali: মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho) was an armed conflict between West Pakistan (later YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees
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