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Jagdgeschwader 5

Active 1942-1945
Country Germany
Branch Air Force
Type Fighter Aircraft
Role Air superiority
Size Air Force Wing
Nickname Eismeer
Commanders
Notable
commanders		 Heinrich Ehrler(May 1944 - February 1945)

Jagdgeschwader 5 (JG 5) Eismeer was a Luftwaffe fighter Wing that served during World War II. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed Air superiority is the dominance in the Air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a Military campaign. Major Heinrich Ehrler ( September 14, 1917 - April 4, 1945) was a German World War II Fighter ace ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed Wing is a term used by different Air forces for a unit of command World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including As the name Eismeer (Ice Sea) implies, it was created to operate in the far North of Europe, namely Norway, Scandinavia and northern parts of Finland. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe.

Contents

History

1942

JG 5 was formed when elements of the I. Gruppe/JG 77[1] already stationed in Norway was redesignated as I. Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77 Herz As {Ace of Hearts was a Luftwaffe fighter wing during World War II. /JG 5 in January 1942. The II. Gruppe was newly created and III. Gruppe was formed from elements of I. /JG 1 in May. The unit had the responsibility for providing fighter-cover over occupied territories under Luftflotte 5, and also to provide fighter-support for the Heer (Army) units fighting on the Arctic front in the Murmansk area. Luftflotte 5 (Air Fleet 5 was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. Murmansk (Му́рманск Murmanska Muurman is a city and Seaport in the extreme northwest part of Russia, on the Kola Bay, 12 km JG 5 also had the important task of disrupting traffic on the Murmansk rail-line, as this was the main artery of the Karelian Front defenders. The Karelian Front was a Front (a formation of Army Group size of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II, and operated in

I. Gruppe was based on the west coast of Norway, in Stavanger, to defend against Allied anti-shipping attacks. is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway. II. and III. Gruppe was stationed at Petsamo in Finland, to support operations in the East. JG 5 had to cope with challenges that were unique within the Luftwaffe, from 24-hour days during summer when the sun never set, to the complete darkness and extreme cold of the Polar winter.

As 1942 wore on, the increased Allied air pressure towards Norway meant that a part of III. Gruppe and the newly created IV. Gruppe had to be stationed around Trondheim. (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. A second part of III. Gruppe was stationed in Kirkenes, both to provide cover from marauding Soviet Air Force formations, and to help with the intensifying attacks against the Arctic convoys. ( Finnish: Kirkkoniemi, Sámi: Girkonjárga) is the centre of the municipality of Sør-Varanger in Finnmark county Norway The Soviet Air Force, also known under the abbreviation VVS, transliterated from Russian: ВВС, Военно-воздушные силы ( Voenno-Vozdushnye The Arctic Convoys of World War II travelled from the United Kingdom and the United States to the northern ports of the Soviet Leutnant Heinrich Ehrler (6. Major Heinrich Ehrler ( September 14, 1917 - April 4, 1945) was a German World War II Fighter ace JG 5) was awarded the Ritterkreuz on 4 September for 64 victories. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross

1943

By January 1943 I. and IV. /JG 5 were stationed in Southern Norway, being equipped with the Fw 190A-2, A-3 and A-4. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout I. /JG 5 had its bases on Lista, Sola, Kjevik and Herdla in the southern part of Norway. Lista is a former municipality in Vest-Agder county Norway The municipality was created as Lista Formannskapsdistrikt in 1837. Stavanger Airport Sola ( Norwegian: Stavanger lufthavn Sola) is an international Airport located in the municipality of Sola, Norway Kristiansand Airport Kjevik is situated northeast of the city Kristiansand, Vest-Agder in southern Norway, located 16 km from the city centre Herdla, is an island and former municipality in Hordaland county Norway IV. /JG 5 were distributed on bases around Trondheim, and were equipped with Bf 109Fs and Fw 190As. (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout II. and III. Gruppe faced the Soviets on the Polar Sea Front; at this time they were equipped with the Bf 109F-4. Stab, 4. /JG 5 and 6. /JG 5 were stationed in Alakurtti, 5. , 8. , and 9. /JG 5 were stationed at Kirkenes and 7. ( Finnish: Kirkkoniemi, Sámi: Girkonjárga) is the centre of the municipality of Sør-Varanger in Finnmark county Norway /JG 5 was based at Petsamo. As early as March 1943 6. Staffel (commanded by Hpt. Heinrich Ehrler) reached 500 victories. Major Heinrich Ehrler ( September 14, 1917 - April 4, 1945) was a German World War II Fighter ace

In early 1943 a Jabo (fighter-bomber) unit was formed within JG 5. 14. (J)/JG 5 was equipped with modified Fw 190A's and commanded by Hptm. Friedrich-Wilhelm Strakeljahn. In May 1943 the unit was responsible for the sinking of two submarines and two freighters within three days and by the end of 1943 has claimed to have sunk over 39,000 tons of Soviet merchant shipping in over 1,000 sorties.

In June 1943 Oberstlt. Gottard Handrick was transferred to 8. Jagddivision, and replaced by the Gruppenkommandeur III. /JG 5, Major Gunther Scholz. Mid 1943 also saw JG 5 at its maximum strength. It consisted of 14 Staffeln; 12 regular single-engined fighter Staffels equipped with the Bf 109 and Fw 190, one Bf 110-equipped Zerstörerstaffel and finally the Jabo unit, 14. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Ground-attack aircraft are military aircraft designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as Close air support for and in proximity to their own ground forces (J)/JG 5 with the Fw 190. 1943 was also the last year in which JG 5's four Gruppen had any sense of operational unity. I and II. Gruppe left Norway and Finland for good in late 1943 to fight the rest of the war away from their parent Geschwader.

In November 1943, I. Gruppe moved to Romania as protection for the vital Ploieşti oil refineries. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Ploieşti (ploˈjeʃtʲ older spelling Ploeşti) is the county seat of Prahova County and lies in the historical region of Wallachia, Romania The gruppe were placed under the command of Luftflotte 1 for the remainder of 1943. Luftflotte 1 (Air Fleet 1 was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. On 26 March 1944 Hauptmann Horst Carganico was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of I. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. /JG 5 participating in the Reichsverteidigung (Defense of the Reich). Defense of the Reich ( German language: Reichsverteidigung) refers to the defensive aerial battles fought by the Luftwaffe over German occupied After combat with USAAF B-17's on 27 May 1944, he was killed when his Bf 109 G crashed after hitting high tension cables while force-landing near Chevry, France. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Carganico had claimed 60 kills. (when all this append was there also war in Jugoslavia)

1944

In 1944 I. Gruppe was redesignated as III. /JG 6 and sent to France, and it was never replaced. Jagdgeschwader 6 (JG 6 Horst Wessel was a Luftwaffe fighter - wing of World War II. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In June - July 1944, Gruppenkommandeur Theodor Weissenberger was credited with 25 victories over Normandy (half the total score by the whole unit during this period). Major Theodor Weissenberger (born 21 December 1914 in Mühlheim am Main, killed in a car racing accident 10 June 1950

II. Gruppe was transferred to Northern Russia under the command of Luftflotte 1, and then redesignated as IV. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Luftflotte 1 (Air Fleet 1 was one of the primary divisions of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. /JG 4 and sent back to Germany in early 1945. Jagdgeschwader 4 (JG 4 was a Luftwaffe fighter - wing of World War II. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

IV. /JG 5 and 14. /JG 5 were transferred to the Arctic Front from Southern Norway in August 1944. The Gruppe joined the first of several large air battles commencing on October 9, opposing the final Soviet offensive against Petsamo. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. When the day was over, III. and IV. /JG 5 had claimed 85 Soviet aircraft shot down (among them the 3,000th victory for JG 5) against the loss of only one pilot killed.

On 1 August 1944 Major Ehrler was promoted to Geschwaderkommodore of JG 5. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Geschwaderkommodore is a Luftwaffe position (not rank that is the equivalent of a Royal Air Force Group Commander or USAF Wing Commander

In November 1944, IV. /JG 5 returned to Southern Norway. Up to the end of the war this unit formed the air defence against the Allied raids on targets in Norway, principally the submarine bases at Trondheim and Bergen. (Trondhjem is a city and municipality in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. is the second largest city in Norway. It is located on the south-western coast of Norway in the county of Hordaland in between a group of mountains known as De syv fjell

The Sinking of the Tirpitz

On 12 November 1944 Avro Lancaster bombers of 9 and 617 Squadrons raided the Tirpitz in Tromsø fjord. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction No IX (Bomber or 9 Squadron of the Royal Air Force was the first in the service to receive the Panavia No 617 Squadron of the Royal Air Force is better known as the "Dambusters" squadron Operational history This battleship was launched on 1 April 1939 and she was planned to be deployed in a manner similar to the ''Bismarck'', as a Commerce raider Major Ehrler belatedly scrambled to intercept at the head of a formation of JG 5 Bf 109G's, but the fighters were too late. The Tirpitz was sunk with the loss of a thousand sailors. Ehrler was court martialed and sentenced to three years Festungshaft, and stripped of his command. (He was killed flying with JG 7 on 4 April 1945). Jagdgeschwader 7 (JG 7 Nowotny was a Luftwaffe fighter - wing of World War II and the first operational Jet fighter wing Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar

Achievements

Throughout its operational history JG 5 found itself faced with overwhelming numbers of Soviet aircraft. Often groups of 100-200 bombers and fighter planes had to be met with 20-30 German fighters. The losses suffered by JG 5 were remarkably low in comparison to the losses they inflicted on the enemy.

However, total losses of pilots (dead, captured or wounded) was at least 380 - essentially the entire operational strength replaced twice over three years. Total claims for aircraft shot down appear to be approximantely 3,200. In addition to the 208-kill ace Ehrler, JG 5 boasted several other high scoring aces, including Theodor Weissenberger, who scored 208 victories and Walter Schuck who scored 206 victories and was awarded the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves. Walter Schuck (born 20 July 1920 in Frankenholz Saarland) was a German World War II Fighter ace who served in the The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross

Commanding officers

Geschwaderkommodore

Gruppenkommandeure

I. Karl Hermann Gotthard Handrick ( 25 October 1908 &ndash 30 May 1978) was a German Olympic athlete and Fighter Major Heinrich Ehrler ( September 14, 1917 - April 4, 1945) was a German World War II Fighter ace /JG 5

II. Major Theodor Weissenberger (born 21 December 1914 in Mühlheim am Main, killed in a car racing accident 10 June 1950 /JG 5

III. /JG 5

IV. Major Heinrich Ehrler ( September 14, 1917 - April 4, 1945) was a German World War II Fighter ace Franz Dörr ( 10 February 1913 &ndash 13 October 1972) was a German World War II Fighter ace and recipient /JG 5

Staffelkapitäne

13. (Z)/JG 5

14. (Jabo)/JG 5

Notes

  1. ^  Hafsten[et. al. ], Flyalarm - Luftkrigen over Norge 1939-1945, 145

References

External links

See also

Organization of the Luftwaffe: The German Air Force ( Luftwaffe) of World War II had a distinct organization and command structure
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