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For the context and details of the risings, see Jacobitism. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland

The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The uprisings were aimed at returning James VII of Scotland and II of England, and later his descendants of the House of Stuart, to the throne after he was deposed by Parliament during the Glorious Revolution. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union The series of conflicts takes its name from Jacobus, the Latin form of James. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

The major Jacobite Risings were called the Jacobite Rebellions by the ruling governments. The "First Jacobite Rebellion" and "Second Jacobite Rebellion" were known respectively as "The Fifteen" and "The Forty-Five", after the years in which they occurred (1715 and 1745). Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Although each Jacobite Rising has unique features, they all formed part of a larger series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of Scotland and England (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones claimed by his daughter Mary II jointly with her husband, the Dutch born William of Orange. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" The risings continued, and even intensified, after the House of Hanover succeeded to the British Throne in 1714. The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy Year 1714 ( MDCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a They continued until the last Jacobite Rebellion ("the Forty-Five"), led by Charles Edward Stuart (the Young Pretender), was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, ending any realistic hope of a Stuart restoration. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Contents

Glorious Revolution

From the second half of the 17th century onwards, the British Isles suffered a time of political and religious turmoil. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The Commonwealth ended with the Restoration of Charles II, re-establishment of the Church of England and imposition of Episcopalian church government. The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Episcopal polity is a form of church governance which is hierarchical in structure with the chief authority over a local Christian church resting in a Bishop (Greek

In 1685 Charles II was succeeded by his Roman Catholic brother, James II and VII, who tried to impose religious tolerance of Roman Catholics and Protestant Dissenters, antagonizing members of the Anglican establishment. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The term dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, “to disagree” labels one who dissents or disagrees in matters of opinion belief etc Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs In 1688 James's second wife had a boy, bringing the prospect of a Catholic dynasty, and the "Immortal Seven" invited James's daughter Mary and her husband and first cousin William of Orange to depose James and jointly rule in his place. The Invitation to William was a letter sent by seven notable Englishmen later named the Immortal Seven, to William III Prince of Orange, received by him Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" On 4th November 1688 William arrived at Torbay, England and, when he landed the next day, James fled to France: in February 1689 the Glorious Revolution formally changed England's monarch, but many Catholics, Episcopalians and Tory royalists still supported James as the constitutionally legitimate monarch. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was

Scotland was slow to accept William, who summoned a Convention of the Estates which met on 14 March 1689 in Edinburgh and considered a conciliatory letter from William and a haughty one from James. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. On James's side a modest force of a troop of fifty horsemen gathered by John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee was in town, and he attended the convention at the start but withdrew four days later when support for William became evident. John Graham of Claverhouse 1st Viscount Dundee (c 1648 - July 27, 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman a Tory and an The convention set out its terms and William and Mary were proclaimed at Edinburgh on 11 April 1689, then had their coronation in London in May. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I.

Jacobite war in Ireland

Main article: Williamite war in Ireland

The Williamite war in Ireland was the opening conflict in James' attempts to regain the throne. The Williamite War in Ireland, also known as the Jacobite War in Ireland and in Ireland as Cogadh an Dá Rí or The War of the Two Kings It influenced the Jacobite Rising in Scotland which "Bonnie Dundee" started at about the same time. When it ended in October 1691 the Irish Jacobite army left Ireland for France, becoming the Irish Brigade which provided forces assisting The 'Forty-Five Jacobite Rebellion in Scotland. For other uses see Irish Brigade. The Irish Brigade was a Brigade in the French army composed of Irish

Dundee's rising in Scotland

On 16 April 1689 John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, raised James' standard on the hilltop of Dundee Law with fewer than 50 men in support. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom John Graham of Claverhouse 1st Viscount Dundee (c 1648 - July 27, 1689) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman a Tory and an Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council Although Presbyterian historians later labelled him "Bluidy Clavers" for his vicious persecution of Covenanters, he is also known today as "Bonnie Dundee", after a song written by Sir Walter Scott in 1830. The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout James had already arrived in Ireland and his letter was on the way promising Irish troops to assist the rising in Scotland. At first Viscount Dundee had difficulty in raising many supporters, but that changed after the Williamite commander Major-General Hugh Mackay of Scourie proved ineffective in chasing after Dundee around the north, and 200 Irish troops successfully landed at Kintyre. There is also Hugh Mackay an Australian social researcher Hugh Mackay (c Kintyre ( Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Tìre kʲiɲˈtʲiːɾʲə is a peninsula in western Scotland, in the south-west of Argyll and Bute. Dundee received support in the western Scottish Highlands from Roman Catholic and Episcopalian Clans. The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous The Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba is a Christian denomination in Scotland and a member of the Anglican Communion, although it

By July the Jacobites had 8 battalions and 2 companies, almost all Highlanders. Dundee gained the confidence of the Clans by understanding the need to treat each Highlander as a touchy gentleman whose allegiance to his chieftain and clan with its etiquette and precedence was much more important than a secondary cause such as Jacobitism. Scottish clans (from Scottish Gaelic clann, "children" give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations At a time when infantry were trained to fight in formation, the Highlanders' method was to set aside their plaids and other encumbrances before the battle, drop to the ground if their enemy fired a volley then, after quickly returning fire, run screaming at their foe in the Highland charge with broadsword and targe (shield) or whatever other weapon they had, sometimes pitchforks or Lochaber axes (a combined axe and spear on a long pole). The kilt is a knee-length garment with pleats at the rear originating in the traditional dress of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands of the 16th century The Highland charge was a battlefield tactic used by the clans of the Scottish Highlands in the 17th and 18th century Targe (from Old Franconian *targa "shield" Proto-Germanic *targo "border" was a general word for Shield in late The Lochaber axe was a Scottish war Axe that came into use around 1600 This charge could be devastating to troops struggling to form their lines or fix the 'plug' bayonets that had recently been introduced.

This charge defeated a larger lowland Scots force at the Battle of Killiecrankie on 27 July 1689, but about a third of the Highlanders were killed in the fighting, and Dundee himself died in the battle. The Battle of Killiecrankie ( Scottish Gaelic -) was fought between highland Scottish clans supporting James II and VII and government troops (mostly lowland Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. At the street fighting of the Battle of Dunkeld on 21 August the Jacobite Highlanders were decisively defeated by the Cameronians (now a government regiment), but much of the north remained hostile to the government and expeditions to subdue the highlands met with a series of skirmishes. The Battle of Dunkeld ( Scottish Gaelic:) was fought between Jacobite clans supporting King James VII of Scotland and a government regiment of Covenanters Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Cameronian was a name given to a section of the Scottish Covenanters who followed the teachings of Richard Cameron, and who were composed principally of those who signed Jacobite forces suffered a heavy defeat at the Haughs of Cromdale on 1 May 1690, and later that month Mackay constructed Fort William on the site of an old fort built by Cromwell. The Battle of Cromdale took place at the Haugh of Cromdale in Speyside on April 30 and May 1 1690 Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Fort William ( Scottish Gaelic: An Gearasdan, "The Garrison" is the largest town in the highlands of Scotland, now that Inverness Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Then in July news arrived of William's victory over James at the Battle of the Boyne and Jacobite hopes petered out. The Battle of the Boyne (Cath na Bóinne was a turning point in the Williamite claim on the English throne On 17 August 1691 William offered all Highland clans a pardon for their part in the Jacobite Uprising, provided that they took an oath of allegiance before 1 January 1692 in front of a magistrate. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. The Highland chiefs sent word to James, now in exile in France, asking for his permission to take this oath. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. James dithered over his decision, eventually authorising the chiefs to take the oath in a message which only reached its recipients in mid-December. Despite difficult winter conditions a few took the oath in time. The exemplary brutality of the Massacre of Glencoe sped acceptance, and by the spring of 1692 the Jacobite chiefs had all sworn allegiance to King William. The Massacre of Glencoe occurred in Glen Coe, Scotland, in the early morning of 13 February 1692, during the era of the "Glorious

The "Old Pretender"

After the death of James II in 1701, the Jacobite claim to the throne of England was taken up by his only surviving legitimate son, James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766). Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the He was proclaimed James III of England and Ireland, and James VIII of Scots, and so recognised by the French king Louis XIV. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Later, James came to be called "the Old Pretender", to distinguish him from his son, Charles Edward Stuart (1720-1788), who is known as "the Young Pretender". A pretender is a claimant to an abolished throne or to a throne already occupied by somebody else For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below

The Old Pretender's attempted invasion

After a brief peace, the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession in 1701 renewed French support for the Jacobites. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting In 1708 James Stuart, the Old Pretender, sailed from Dunkirk with 6000 French troops in almost 30 ships of the French navy. Dunkirk ( French: Dunkerque, dœ̃kɛʀk or; Dutch:; is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the Their intended landing in the Firth of Forth was thwarted by the Royal Navy, under Admiral Byng, which pursued the French fleet and made them retreat round the north of Scotland, losing ships and most of their men in shipwrecks on the way back to Dunkirk. The Firth of Forth ( Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the Estuary or Firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) George Byng 1st Viscount Torrington, KB PC (1668 &ndash 17 January, 1733) was a British Admiral and statesman of the late 17th

The 'Fifteen'

Following the arrival from Hanover of George I in 1714, Tory Jacobites in England conspired to organise armed rebellions against the new Hanoverian government, but were to prove indecisive and frightened by government arrests of their leaders. George I (George Louis German Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 &ndash 11 June 1727 For the first year of his life George was the only heir to his father's and three childless The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg In Scotland, however, 1715 saw what is often referred to as the First Jacobite Rebellion (or Rising to absolutists).

James Stuart, the "Old Pretender"
James Stuart, the "Old Pretender"

The Treaty of Utrecht had ended hostilities between France and Britain. Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document comprised a series of individual peace treaties signed in the Dutch From France, as part of widespread Jacobite plotting, James Stuart, the Old Pretender, had been corresponding with the Earl of Mar and in the summer of 1715 called on him to raise the Clans. Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the John Erskine 22nd and de jure 6th Earl of Mar, KT (1675 - May 1732 Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of the 21st Earl of Mar Mar, nicknamed Bobbin' John, rushed from London to Braemar and summoned clan leaders to "a grand hunting-match" on 27 August 1715. Braemar is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a On September 6th he proclaimed James as "their lawful sovereign" and raised the old Scottish standard, whereupon (ominously) the gold ball fell off the top of the flagpole. Mar's proclamation brought in an alliance of clans and northern Lowlanders, and they quickly overran many parts of the Highlands.

Mar's Jacobites captured Perth on 14 September without opposition and his army grew to around 8,000 men, but a force of less than 2,000 men under the Duke of Argyll held the Stirling plain for the government and Mar indecisively kept his forces in Perth. Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Field Marshal John Campbell 2nd Duke of Argyll 1st Duke of Greenwich KG ( October 10, 1678 – October 4, 1743) known Stirling ( Gaelic: Sruighlea, Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient Burgh in Scotland, and is at He waited for the Earl of Seaforth to arrive with a body of northern clans, but Seaforth was delayed by attacks from other clans loyal to the government. Earl of Seaforth was a title in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Great Britain. Planned risings in Wales, Devon and Cornwall were forestalled by the government arresting the local Jacobites. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar

See separate article on the Jacobite uprising in Cornwall

Starting around 6 October a rising in the north of England grew to about 300 horsemen under Thomas Forster, a Northumberland squire, then joined forces with a rising in the south of Scotland under Viscount Kenmure. The Jacobite uprising in Cornwall of 1715 was the last uprising against The Crown to take place in the county of Cornwall. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Thomas Forster ( 29 March 1683 &ndash October 1738 was a Northumbrian politician and landowner who served as 'General' of the Jacobite army Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west William Gordon 6th Viscount of Kenmure and Lord Lochinvar, (c Mar sent a Jacobite force under Brigadier William Mackintosh of Borlum to join them. They left Perth on October 10th and were ferried across the Firth of Forth from Burntisland to East Lothian. The Firth of Forth ( Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the Estuary or Firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows Burntisland is a town and former Royal burgh in Fife, Scotland on the Firth of Forth. East Lothian ( Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 Unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. Here they were diverted into an attack on an undefended Edinburgh, but having seized Leith citadel they were chased away by the arrival of Argyll's forces. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Formerly a municipal Burgh, Leith (Lìte is a district in the north of the city of Edinburgh at the mouth of the Water of Leith and is the port Mackintosh's force of about 2,000 then made their way south and met their allies at Kelso in the Scottish Borders on 22 October, and spent a few days arguing over their options. Kelso (known locally as Kelsae) is a market town in the Scottish Borders area of Scotland, located where the rivers Tweed and Teviot The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus The Scots wanted to fight government forces in the vicinity or attack Dumfries and Glasgow, but the English were determined to march towards Liverpool and led them to expect 20,000 recruits in Lancashire. Dumfries (dəmˈfriːs is a town and former Royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland and is situated close to the Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea

The Highlanders resisted marching into England and there were some mutinies and defections, but they pressed on. Instead of the expected welcome the Jacobites were met by hostile militia armed with pitchforks and very few recruits. They were unopposed in Lancaster and found about 1,500 recruits as they reached Preston on 9 November, bringing their force to around 4,000. Lancaster (pronounced ˈlæŋˌkæstə or ˈlænˌkæstə is a City in Lancashire, England. Preston ( ˈprɛstən is a city and local government district in Lancashire, England, located on the River Ribble. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Then Hanoverian forces (including the Cameronians) arrived to besiege them at the Battle of Preston, and the surviving Jacobites surrendered on 14 November. The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg Cameronian was a name given to a section of the Scottish Covenanters who followed the teachings of Richard Cameron, and who were composed principally of those who signed See Battle of Preston (1648 for the battle of the Second English Civil War. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca

In Scotland, at the Battle of Sheriffmuir on November 13th, Mar's forces were unable to defeat a smaller force led by the Duke of Argyll and Mar retreated to Perth while the government army built up. The Battle of Sheriffmuir ( Scottish Gaelic:) was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. Belatedly, on 22 December 1715 a ship from France brought the Old Pretender to Peterhead, but he was too consumed by melancholy and fits of fever to inspire his followers. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Peterhead is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is Aberdeenshire's largest settlement having a population of approximately 19000 He briefly set up court at Scone, Perthshire, visited his troops in Perth and ordered the burning of villages to hinder the advance of the Duke of Argyll through deep snow. The highlanders were cheered by the prospect of battle, but James's councillors decided to abandon the enterprise and ordered a retreat to the coast, giving the pretext of finding a stronger position. James boarded a ship at Montrose and fled to France on 4 February 1716, leaving a message advising his Highland followers to shift for themselves. Montrose is a coastal Resort town and former Royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

Spanish supported Jacobite invasion

Cardinal Giulio Alberoni
Cardinal Giulio Alberoni
Main article: Battle of Glen Shiel

With France still at peace, the Jacobites found a new ally in Spain's Minister to the King, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni. Giulio Alberoni ( May 30, 1664 OS - June 26 NS 1752 was an Italian cardinal and Statesman in the service of Philip The Battle of Glen Shiel ( Scottish Gaelic:) was a battle in Glen Shiel, in the West Highlands of Scotland on 10 June 1719 Giulio Alberoni ( May 30, 1664 OS - June 26 NS 1752 was an Italian cardinal and Statesman in the service of Philip An invasion force set sail in 1719 with two frigates to land in Scotland to raise the clans, and 27 ships carrying 5,000 soldiers to England, but the latter were dispersed by storms before they could land. When the two Spanish frigates successfully landed a party of Jacobites led by Lord Tullibardine and Earl Marischal with 300 Spanish soldiers at Loch Duich they held Eilean Donan Castle, but met only lukewarm support from a few clans and at the Battle of Glen Shiel the Spanish soldiers were forced to surrender to government forces. The title of Earl Marischal was created in the peerage of Scotland for William Keith the Great Marischal of Scotland. Loch Duich ( Scottish Gaelic: "Loch Dubhthaich" is a Sea Loch situated on the western coast of Scotland, in the Highlands Eilean Donan ( Scottish Gaelic for Island of Donan) is a small island in Loch Duich in the western Highlands of Scotland. The Battle of Glen Shiel ( Scottish Gaelic:) was a battle in Glen Shiel, in the West Highlands of Scotland on 10 June 1719

Aftermath of the 'Fifteen'

In the aftermath of the 'Fifteen', the Disarming Act and the Clan Act made some attempts to subdue the Scottish Highlands. After Jacobite Rising of 1715 ended it was evident that the most effective supporters of the Jacobites were Scottish clans in the Scottish Highlands and the Disarming The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous Government garrisons were built or extended in the Great Glen at Fort William, Kiliwhimin (later renamed Fort Augustus) and Fort George, Inverness, as well as barracks at Ruthven, Bernera (Glenelg) and Inversnaid, linked to the south by the Wade roads constructed for Major-General George Wade. There is also a village in Leicestershire called Great Glen. The Great Glen ( Scottish Gaelic: An Gleann Mòr Fort William ( Scottish Gaelic: An Gearasdan, "The Garrison" is the largest town in the highlands of Scotland, now that Inverness Invergarryrailwayjpg|300px|thumb|Section of dismantled railway south of Fort Augustus]] Fort Augustus ( Ordnance Survey) is a settlement in the Scottish Highlands Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland. Ruthven Barracks near Ruthven Highland in Scotland are the smallest but best preserved of the four barracks built in 1719 after the 1715 (For other meanings of Glenelg see Glenelg (disambiguation) Glenelg is a popular beach-side suburb of the South Australian capital of Adelaide Inversnaid is a village on the east bank of Loch Lomond in Scotland, near the north end of the loch Field Marshal George Wade (1673– March 14, 1748) served as a British military commander and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. On the whole, the government adopted a gentle approach and attempted to 'win hearts and minds' by allowing the bulk of the defeated rebels to slip away back to their homes and committing the first £20,000 of revenue from forfeited estates to the establishment of schools in the highlands.

In 1725 Wade raised the independent companies of the Black Watch as a militia to keep peace in the unruly Highlands, but in 1743 they were moved to fight the French in Flanders. The 42nd (Royal Highland Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Tellingly, their commander at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745 was the Duke of Cumberland, soon to command at Culloden. This battle should not be confused with the two battles of Fontenay, which occurred at a different location in 841 and 1944 The Prince William Duke of Cumberland (William Augustus Style and New Style dates|N

The "Young Pretender"

1744 French invasion attempt

In 1743 the War of the Austrian Succession drew Britain and France into open, though unofficial, hostilities against each other. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748 involved nearly all the powers of Europe Leading English Jacobites made a formal request to France for armed intervention and the French king's Master of Horse toured southern England meeting Tories and discussing their proposals. In November 1743 Louis XV of France authorised a large-scale invasion of southern England in February 1744 which was to be a surprise attack. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 Troops were to march from their winter quarters to hidden invasion barges which were to take them and Charles Edward Stuart, with the guidance of English Jacobite pilots to Maldon in Essex where they were to be joined by local Tories in an immediate march on London. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Maldon (ˈmɔːldən locally /ˈmɒldən/ is a town on the Blackwater estuary in Essex, England. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common Charles, (later known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender) was in exile in Rome with his father (James Stuart, the Old Pretender), and rushed to France. Prince James Prince of Wales (James Francis Edward Stuart " The Old Pretender " or " The Old Chevalier " 10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766 was the

As late as 13 February the British were still unaware of these intentions, and while they then arrested many suspected Jacobites the French plans really went astray on 24 February when one of the worst storms of the century scattered the French fleets which were about to battle for control of the English Channel, sinking one ship and putting five out of action. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the

The barges had begun embarking some 10,000 troops and the storm wrecked the troop and equipment transports, sinking some with the loss of all hands. Charles was officially informed on 28 February that the invasion had been cancelled. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The British lodged strong diplomatic objections to the presence of Charles, and France declared war but gave Charles no more support.

The 'Forty-Five'

Such is the connection between 1745 and the rising in the Gaelic mindset, that the '45 is known as Bliadhna Theàrlaich (Charles' Year) in Scottish Gaelic. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages.

Charles continued to believe that he could reclaim the kingdom and recalled that early in 1744 a small number of Scottish Highland clan chieftains had sent a message that they would rise if he arrived with as few as 3,000 French troops. Living at French expense, he continued to badger ministers for commitment to another invasion, to their increasing irritation. In secrecy he also developed a plan with a consortium of Nantes privateers, funded by exiled Scots bankers and pawning of his mother's jewelry. Nantes (Naoned Gallo: Naunnt) is a city in western France, located on the Loire River, from the Atlantic coast They fitted out a small frigate le Du Teillay and a ship of the line the Elisabeth and set out from Nantes for Scotland in July 1745 on the pretence that this was a normal privateering cruise, leaving a personal letter from Charles to Louis XV of France announcing the departure and asking for help with the rising. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 The Elisabeth, carrying weapons, supplies and 700 volunteers from the Irish Brigade, encountered the British Navy ship HMS Lion and with both ships badly damaged in the ensuing battle the Elisabeth was forced back, but the le Du Teillay successfully landed Charles with his seven men of Moidart on the island of Eriskay in the Outer Hebrides on 2 August 1745. Eriskay ( Scottish Gaelic: Eirisgeidh, from the Old Norse for "Eric's Isle" is an island of the Outer Hebrides in northern Scotland The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a

The Scottish clans and their chieftains initially showed little enthusiasm about his arrival without troops or munitions (with Alexander MacDonald of Sleat and Norman MacLeod of MacLeod refusing even to meet with him), but Charles went on to Moidart and on 19 August 1745 raised the standard at Glenfinnan to lead the Second Jacobite Risingin his father's name. The MacDonalds of Sleat are a branch of the Clan Donald or MacDonald Clan MacLeod is a Highland Scottish clan. The Gaelic form is Clann Mhic Leòid. Moidart is a district in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland to the west of Fort William; the area is very remote and Loch Shiel cuts off Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Glenfinnan ( Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Fhionnainn) is a village in Lochaber area of the Highlands of Scotland This attracted about 1,200 men, mostly of Clan MacDonald of Clan Ranald, Clan MacDonell of Glengarry, Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, and Clan Cameron. Clan MacDonell of Glengarry is a branch of Clan Donald taking its name from Glen Garry where the river Garry runs eastwards through Loch Garry to join the Great Glen Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, also known as Clan Ranald of Lochaber, is a Scottish Clan. Clan Cameron is a West Highland Scottish clan, with one main branch Lochiel and numerous cadet branches such as Erracht Clunes Glen Nevis and Fassifern The Jacobite force marched south from Glenfinnan, increasing to almost 3,000 men, though two chieftains insisted on pledges of compensation before joining.

Morier's painting Culloden shows the highlanders still wearing the plaids which they normally set aside before battle, where they would fire a volley then run full tilt at the enemy with broadsword and targe in the Highland charge wearing only their shirts.
Morier's painting Culloden shows the highlanders still wearing the plaids which they normally set aside before battle, where they would fire a volley then run full tilt at the enemy with broadsword and targe in the Highland charge wearing only their shirts. The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian The kilt is a knee-length garment with pleats at the rear originating in the traditional dress of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands of the 16th century

A list of clans that "came out" to join the Pretender, or were prevented from doing so, is given below.

Most of the British army was in Flanders and Germany, leaving an inexperienced army of about 4,000 in Scotland under Sir John Cope. Sir John Cope, KB (1690 &ndash 1760 was a British general He was in command of the government forces at the Battle of Prestonpans, and was defeated by His force marched north into the Highlands but, believing the rebel force to be stronger than it really was, avoided an engagement with the Jacobites at the Pass of Corryairack and withdrew northwards to Inverness. The Corrieyairack Pass is an 770m (2526 ft high pass in the Scottish Highlands at. Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland. The Jacobites captured Perth and at Coatbridge on the way to Edinburgh routed two regiments of government Dragoons. Perth (Peairt is a town and former Royal burgh in central Scotland. Coatbridge ( Scottish Gaelic: Drochaid a' Chòta) is a town in North Lanarkshire, set in the Central Lowlands of Scotland Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. A dragoon is a soldier intended primarily to fight on foot but trained also in Horse riding and cavalry combat especially In Edinburgh there was panic with a melting away of the City Guard and Volunteers and when the city gate at the Netherbow Port was opened at night, to let a coach through, a party of Camerons rushed the sentries and seized control of the city. The next day King James VIII was proclaimed at the Mercat Cross and a triumphant Charles entered Holyrood palace. The Palace of Holyroodhouse, or informally Holyrood Palace, founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence

Cope's army got supplies from Inverness then sailed from Aberdeen down to Dunbar to meet the Jacobite forces near Prestonpans to the east of Edinburgh. Aberdeen ( pronounced; Aiberdeen Obar Dheathain is Scotland 's third most populous city and one of Scotland's 32 local government council Dunbar is a town in East Lothian on the southeast coast of Scotland, approximately 30 miles east of Edinburgh and 28 miles from the English Border Prestonpans is a small Town to the East of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the unitary council area of East Lothian. On 21 September 1745 at the Battle of Prestonpans a surprise attack planned by Lord George Murray routed the government forces, as celebrated in the Jacobite song Hey, Johnnie Cope, Are Ye Waking Yet?. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Battle of Prestonpans was the first significant conflict in the second Jacobite Rising. Lord George Murray ( 4 October, 1694 &ndash 11 October 1760) was a Scottish Jacobite general most noted for his 1745 campaign under Hey Johnnie Cope are Ye Waking Yet?, also Hey Johnnie Cope are you awake yet?, Heigh! Johnnie Cowp are ye wauken yet?, or simply "Johnny Cope" Charles immediately wrote again to France pleading for a prompt invasion of England. There was alarm in England, and in London a patriotic song which included a prayer for Marshal Wade's success in crushing the rebels was performed, later to become the National Anthem. "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National

The Jacobites held the city of Edinburgh, though not the castle. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Edinburgh Castle is an ancient Stronghold which dominates the sky-line of the Charles held court at Holyrood palace for five weeks amidst great admiration and enthusiasm, but failed to raise a regiment locally. Many of the highlanders went home with booty from the battle and recruiting resumed, though Whig clans opposing the Jacobites were also getting organised. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to The French now sent some weapons and funds, and assurances that they would carry out their invasion of England by the end of the year. Charles's Council of war led by Murray was against leaving Scotland, but he told them that he had received English Tory assurances of a rising if he appeared in England in arms, and the Council agreed to march south by a margin of one vote.

Success at Prestonpans had not, as is often claimed, left the rebels in control of Scotland, for the great bulk of the population remained bitterly hostile to the absolutist Stuarts who, prior to their expulsion in a popular revolution, had presided over the notorious persecutions known as Scotland's 'Killing Times'. Many Scottish burghs offered burgess status to any man who would volunteer to fight against the Jacobites and, when the rebels passed near the town of Ecclefechan, local loyalists mounted a raid on their baggage train.

The Jacobite army of under six thousand men had set out on 3 November. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. During the delay the government had brought seasoned troops back from the continent and an army under General George Wade assembled at Newcastle. Field Marshal George Wade (1673– March 14, 1748) served as a British military commander and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Charles wanted to confront them, but on the advice of Lord George Murray and the Council they made for Carlisle and successfully bypassed Wade. Carlisle (pronounced CARLYLE(emphasis on the first syllable is a City in northern England the largest settlement in Cumbria. At Manchester about 250 Episcopalians formed a regiment, but no other Englishmen joined the Prince. At the end of November French ships arrived in Scotland with 800 men from the Écossais Royeaux (Royal Scots) and Irish Regiments of the French army. For other uses see Irish Brigade. The Irish Brigade was a Brigade in the French army composed of Irish

The Jacobite army, now reduced by desertions to under 5,000 men, was manoeuvred by Murray round to the east of a second government army under the Duke of Cumberland and marched on Derby. The Prince William Duke of Cumberland (William Augustus Style and New Style dates|N Derby (pronounced "dar-bee" /dˈɑːbɪ/ is a city in the East Midlands of England.

They entered Derby on 4 December, only 125 miles (200 km) from London, with a resentful Charles by then barely on speaking terms with Murray. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Charles was advised of progress on the French invasion fleet which was then assembling at Dunkirk, but at his Council of War he was forced to admit to his previous lies about assurances. Dunkirk ( French: Dunkerque, dœ̃kɛʀk or; Dutch:; is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the While Charles was determined to press on in the deluded belief that their success was due to soldiers of the regulars never daring to fight against their true prince, his Council and Lord George Murray pointed out their position. The promised English support had not materialised, both Wade and Cumberland were approaching, London was heavily defended and they had a report of a third army closing on them (fictitious, from a government double agent).

March of the Guards to Finchley (1750), William Hogarth's satirical depiction of troops mustered to defend London from the 1745 Jacobite rebellion.
March of the Guards to Finchley (1750), William Hogarth's satirical depiction of troops mustered to defend London from the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic

They insisted that their army should return to join the growing force in Scotland. This time only Charles voted to continue the advance, and he assented while throwing a tantrum and vowing never to consult the Council again. On December 6, the Jacobites sullenly began their retreat, with a petulant Charles refusing to take any part in running the campaign which was fortunate given the excellent leadership of Murray, whose brilliant feints and careful planning extracted the army virtually intact. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev The French got news of the retreat and cancelled their invasion which was now ready, while English Tories who had just sent a message pledging support if Charles reached London went to ground again.

There was a rearguard action to the north of Penrith. Penrith is a Market town in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the Eden Valley just north of the River Eamont, and lies less than The Manchester Regiment was left behind to defend Carlisle and after a siege by Cumberland had to surrender, to face hanging or transportation. Many died in Carlisle Castle, where they were imprisoned in brutal conditions along with Scots prisoners whom Morier allegedly painted to depict the kilted clansmen in battle. Many of the cells there still show hollows licked into the stone walls, as prisoners had only the damp and moss on these stones to sustain themselves. By Christmas the Jacobites came to Glasgow and forced the city to re-provision their army, then on January 3rd left to seize the town of Stirling and begin an ineffectual siege of Stirling Castle. Stirling ( Gaelic: Sruighlea, Scots: Stirlin) is a city and former ancient Burgh in Scotland, and is at For ships named after the castle see Stirling Castle (disambiguation Stirling Castle, located in Stirling, is one of the largest Jacobite reinforcements joined them from the north and on 17 January about 8,000 of Charles's 9,000 men took the offensive to the approaching General Henry Hawley at the Battle of Falkirk and routed his forces. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Lieutenant-general Henry Hawley (c 1679 - 1759 was a British Army officer who entered the army it is said in 1694 During the Second Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Falkirk Muir ( Scottish Gaelic:) was the last noteworthy Jacobite success

The Jacobite army then turned north, losing men and failing to take Stirling Castle or Fort William but taking Fort Augustus and Fort George in Inverness by early April. Fort William ( Scottish Gaelic: An Gearasdan, "The Garrison" is the largest town in the highlands of Scotland, now that Inverness Invergarryrailwayjpg|300px|thumb|Section of dismantled railway south of Fort Augustus]] Fort Augustus ( Ordnance Survey) is a settlement in the Scottish Highlands See also Fort George disambiguation page Fort George, Ardersier, Highland, Scotland, is a large 18th century Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland. Charles now took charge again, insisting on fighting an orthodox defensive action, and on 16 April 1746 they were finally defeated near Inverness at the Battle of Culloden by government forces made up of English and Scottish troops and Campbell militia, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian Clan Campbell is historically one of the largest and most powerful Highland Scottish clans History Origins of the clan The origins of Clan The Prince William Duke of Cumberland (William Augustus Style and New Style dates|N The seemingly suicidal Highland sword charge against cannon and muskets had succeeded when launched against unprepared or disordered troops in earlier battles but failed now that it was pitted against regulars who had time to form their ranks properly. Charles promptly abandoned his army, blaming everything on the treachery of his officers, even though after the defeat the stragglers and unengaged units rallied at the agreed rendezvous and only dispersed when ordered to leave.

Charles fled to France making a dramatic if humiliating escape disguised as a "lady's maid" to Flora MacDonald. For the US politician see Charles E Stuart For "Betty Burke" see The 'Forty-Five' below Flora MacDonald ( Gaelic: Fionnghal NicDhòmhnaill) (1722 &ndash March 4, 1790) Jacobite heroine was the daughter of Ranald Cumberland's forces crushed the rebellion and effectively ended Jacobitism as a serious political force in Britain. The decline of Jacobitism left Charles making futile attempts to enlist assistance, and another abortive plot to raise support in England. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland

List of clans that joined the Pretender

Eventually the following clans "came out" to join the Pretender: Clan Cameron, Clan Chisholm, Clan Drummond, Clan Farquharson, Clan Grant of Glenmoriston, Clan Hay, Clan MacLea, Clan MacBain, Clan MacColl, Clan MacDonald of Clan Ranald, Clan MacDonald of Glencoe, Clan MacDonnell of Glengarry, Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, Clan Macfie, Clan MacGillivray, Clan MacGregor, Clan MacInnes, Clan MacKintosh, Clan MacIver, Clan Mackinnon, Clan Maclachlan, Clan MacLaren, Clan MacNeil of Barra, Clan Macpherson, Clan Menzies, Clan Morrison, Clan Ogilvy, Clan Oliphant, Clan Robertson, Clan Stewart of Appin. Clan Cameron is a West Highland Scottish clan, with one main branch Lochiel and numerous cadet branches such as Erracht Clunes Glen Nevis and Fassifern Clan Chisholm is a Scottish clan. The clan had its origin outside Scotland Clan Drummond is a Scottish clan deriving its name from the parish of Drymen in what was western Stirlingshire. Clan Farquharson of Invercauld is a Highland Scottish clan. The clan hails from Aberdeenshire and is a member of the Chattan Confederation Clan Grant is a Highland Scottish clan which inhabited land in Northern Scotland since 1316 although the clan is known to have existed farther back than that Clan Hay is a Scottish clan, associated with the regions of Perth and Aberdeen, which has played an important part in the history and politics of Scotland The Clan MacLea is a Highland Scottish clan, which was traditionally located in the district of Lorn in Argyll, Scotland, and Clan MacBain, also known as Clan MacBean, is a Highland Scottish clan. MacColl is a Scottish Surname shared by several notable people;Born after 1800 Hugh MacColl (1837&ndash1909 Scottish logician and author The MacDonalds of Glencoe also known as Clan Iain Arbrach are a branch of Clan Donald. Clan MacDonell of Glengarry is a branch of Clan Donald taking its name from Glen Garry where the river Garry runs eastwards through Loch Garry to join the Great Glen Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, also known as Clan Ranald of Lochaber, is a Scottish Clan. Clan Macfie is a Scottish clan. Since 1981 the clan has been officially registered with the Court of the Lord Lyon, which is the Heraldic authority Clan MacGillivray is a Highland Scottish clan. The clan does not currently have a chief therefore it is considered an Armigerous clan Clan Gregor, or Clan MacGregor, is a Highland Scottish clan. Outlawed for nearly two hundred years after losing their lands in a long power struggle with Clan MacInnes is a Scottish clan from the highlands. As there is currently no Clan Chief it is regarded as an Armigerous clan. Clan Mackintosh is a Scottish clan from Inverness with strong Jacobite ties Clan MacIver, also known as Clan Iver, is Scottish clan recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. Clan Mackinnon or Clan Fingon is a Highland Scottish clan associated with the islands of Mull and Skye, in the Inner Hebrides Clan Maclachlan, also known as Clan Lachlan, is a Highland Scottish clan that historically centred on the lands of Strathlachlan on Loch Fyne Clan MacLaren is a Highland Scottish clan. Known in Gaelic as "Clann mhic Labhrainn" History Origins of the clan Clan MacNeil, also known in Scotland as Clan Niall, is a highland Scottish clan, particularly associated with the Outer Hebridean Clan Macpherson is a Highland Scottish clan from Badenoch, on the Spey River Scotland. For Menzies as a personal name including its pronunciation and a list of famous people of that name see Menzies. Clan Morrison ( Gaelic: Clann MacGhille Mhuire or na Moireasdanaich) is a Scottish clan of the Highlands. Clan Ogilvy is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins of the clan The Ogilvys are one of the most distinguished families in Scotland Clan Oliphant is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins of the Clan The Oliphants were a Norman family who first held lands in England Clan Donnachaidh, sometimes known as Clan Robertson, is a Scottish clan. Clan Stewart of Appin is a west highland branch of the Clan Stewart and have been considered a distinct clan since the 15th century

Furthermore, the regiment of Atholl Highlanders was mostly made up of members of Clan Murray, Clan Fergusson, and Clan Stewart of Atholl. The Atholl Highlanders are a military Regiment. Based in Blair Atholl, Scotland, they are not part of the British Army. Clan Murray is a Highland Scottish clan. The Murrays were a great and powerful clan whose lands and cadet houses were scattered throughout Scotland. Clan Fergusson is a Scottish clan. History History of the clan Before the 18th century at least five groups of Fergusons possessed lands and lived in Significant numbers of men from Clan Elphinstone, Clan Forbes, Clan Keith, Clan MacIntyre, Clan MacKenzie, Clan MacLean, Clan MacLeod of MacLeod, Clan MacLeod of Lewis, Clan MacTavish, Clan MacMillan, Clan Maxwell, Clan Ramsay, and Clan Wemyss also joined the Jacobite army. Clan Elphinstone is a Lowland Scottish clan History Origins of the Name The surname Elphinstone Clan Forbes is a Lowland Scottish clan from Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Clan Keith is a Scottish clan associated with lands in northeastern and northwestern Scotland. Clan Macintyre is a Scottish clan. History Origins of the clan In Gaelic the name Macintyre is rendered ‘Mac an t-Saoir’ meaning Clan Mackenzie is a Highland Scottish clan, traditionally associated with Kintail and lands in Ross-shire. Clan Maclean is a highland Scottish clan. History Gillean of the Battleaxe The founder of the clan was a Scots warlord descended from the royal House Clan MacLeod is a Highland Scottish clan. The Gaelic form is Clann Mhic Leòid. MacLeod (R R McIanjpg|200px|thumb|A Victorian era, romanticised depiction of a member of Clan Macleod by R Clan MacTavish is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins of the Clan The Gaelic name for the Clan was MacTamhais (pronounced MacTavis Clan MacMillan is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins of the clan The Clan MacMillan has its roots in an ancient royal house Clan Maxwell is a Lowland Scottish clan. The clan does not currently have a chief therefore it is considered an Armigerous clan. Clan Ramsay is a Lowland Scottish clan of Anglo-Norman origin Clan Wemyss is a Lowland Scottish clan. History Origins of the Clan The name "Wemyss" is derived from the Gaelic word ‘uaimh’

The Clan Fraser also joined the pretender and fought at Culloden. Clan Fraser (Clann Frisealach Clan Frasier is a Scottish clan of French origin Many men of the Clan Gordon joined the Jacobites led by the chief's brother Lord Lewis Gordon. Clan Gordon, also known as the House of Gordon, is a traditional Scottish clan name and it is now a common forename Lewis Ricardo Gordon (born 1962 is a Jamaican Philosopher who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, philosophy of human and life sciences phenomenology Although the chief of Clan Gordon claimed to support the British government his brother raised two regiments in support of the Jacobites.

Some chieftains who were trying or planning to raise their clan for the Pretender were stopped or even imprisoned, notably Sir James Campbell of Auchnabreck and Alexander MacDougall of Dunollie, who were stopped from raising Clan Campbell of Auchnabreck and Clan MacDougall by Campbell of Argyll, and Sir Hector MacLean and Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, who would have raised Clan MacLean and Clan MacTavish had they not been imprisoned by the government. Clan MacDougall is a Highland Scottish clan who were the descendants of Dugald, son of Somerled, who ruled Lorne and the Isle of Mull Clan Maclean is a highland Scottish clan. History Gillean of the Battleaxe The founder of the clan was a Scots warlord descended from the royal House Clan MacTavish is a Highland Scottish clan. History Origins of the Clan The Gaelic name for the Clan was MacTamhais (pronounced MacTavis

Common misconceptions about the Jacobites and the '45

Cultural references

External links

See also

References

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