Citizendia

Hon. John Gilbert Layton
Jack Layton
Member of Parliament
for Toronto—Danforth
Incumbent
Assumed office 
2004 Federal Election
Preceded byDennis Mills
BornJuly 18 1950 ( 1950-07-18) (age 57)
Montreal, Quebec
Political partyNew Democratic Party
SpouseSally Halford (1969-1983, div. Toronto—Danforth (formerly Broadview—Greenwood) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Dennis Joseph Mills (b July 19, 1946 in Toronto) is a Canadian businessman and former politician Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots ); Olivia Chow (1988-present)
ResidenceToronto, Ontario
ProfessionPolitician
CabinetLeader of the New Democratic Party
ReligionUnited Church of Canada

John Gilbert "Jack" Layton, PC, MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian politician and since 2003 has been leader of Canada's New Democratic Party. Olivia Chow ( born March 24, 1957, in Hong Kong) is a New Democratic Party Member of Parliament and former city councillor Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The United Church of Canada was founded in 1925 as a merger of four Christian denominations two thirds of the Presbyterian Church in Canada (then the largest Canadian Protestant The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council This is a list of members of the Canadian House of Commons in the 39th Parliament of Canada. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots He is a former city councillor and acting deputy mayor of Toronto, Ontario. The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec On June 28, 2004, he was elected Member of Parliament for the constituency of Toronto—Danforth. Toronto—Danforth (formerly Broadview—Greenwood) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada He is married to fellow MP Olivia Chow. Olivia Chow ( born March 24, 1957, in Hong Kong) is a New Democratic Party Member of Parliament and former city councillor

The son of a Progressive Conservative cabinet minister, Layton was raised in Hudson, Quebec. The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC) ( Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) ( 1867 – 2003) was a Canadian Hudson, Quebec, Canada, is a town with a population of 5088 ( 2006 Census) on the south-west bank of the lower Ottawa River, in the county He rose to prominence in Toronto municipal politics where he was one of the most prominent left wing voices on city and metro council. In 1991 he ran for mayor, but lost to June Rowlands. June Rowlands (born 1925) was the 60th mayor of Toronto Ontario, and the first woman to hold that office (beginning in 1991 Remaining on council he rose to become head of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities. The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM is a civic advocacy group representing many Canadian municipalities In 2003 he was elected head of the NDP on the first ballot of the convention.

As leader of the NDP he considerably increased their support, almost doubling the party's vote in the 2004 election. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of The 2006 election saw further gains, with party winning the most seats since its peak under Ed Broadbent in the 1980s. The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the John Edward "Ed" Broadbent PC, CC (born March 21, 1936 in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Canadian Social The NDP under Layton has held the balance of power in both the Paul Martin and Stephen Harper governments. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC In May 2005 Layton agreed that the NDP would support the Liberal budget in exchange for major amendments, in what was promoted as Canada's "First NDP budget"[1]

Contents

Early life

Layton comes from a long line of politicians. His great-granduncle, William Steeves, was a Father of Confederation. William Henry Steeves ( May 20, 1814 - December 9, 1873) was a merchant lumberman politician and Father of Canadian Confederation Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the His great-grandfather Philip Layton was a blind activist who led a campaign for disability pensions in the 1930s. Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors A disability pension is a form of Pension given to those people who are permanently or temporarily unable to work due to a Disability. His grandfather, Gilbert Layton, was a cabinet minister in the Union Nationale government of Maurice Duplessis in Quebec, and resigned due to the provincial government's lack of support for Canadian participation in World War II. Gilbert Layton ( November 5, 1899 &ndash May 29, 1961) was a businessman and politician in Quebec, Canada. Origin The party started as a loose coalition of legislators the Action libérale nationale (a group dissidents from the Liberal Party of Quebec) and the Maurice Le Noblet Duplessis (20 April 1890&ndash7 September 1959 served as the premier of the Canadian province of Quebec from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to The military history of Canada during the Second World War began with a declaration of war on Germany on September His father, Robert Layton, was a Liberal Party activist in the 1960s and 1970s, and served as a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) and Cabinet minister in the 1980s. Robert Edward John "Bob" Layton, PC ( December 25, 1925 &ndash May 9, 2002) was a Canadian politician The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC) ( Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) ( 1867 – 2003) was a Canadian A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Cabinet of Canada (Cabinet du Canada plays an important role in the Government of Canada, in accordance with the Westminster System. [2]

Layton was born in Montreal and reared in nearby Hudson, Quebec, a comfortable and largely anglophone community. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Hudson, Quebec, Canada, is a town with a population of 5088 ( 2006 Census) on the south-west bank of the lower Ottawa River, in the county Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. [3] He was elected student council president of his high school, and his yearbook predicted that he would become a politician. [4] He studied political science at McGill University, and in 1969, at age 19, he married his high school sweetheart Sally Halford, with whom he had two children, Sarah and Mike. [5] (Layton and Halford's marriage ultimately ended in 1983 after 14 years. )

In 1970, the family moved to Toronto where Layton went to York University to obtain his Ph.D. in political science. York University (Université York is a public Research university located in Toronto, Ontario. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Layton then became a professor at Ryerson University. Ryerson University, commonly referred to simply as Ryerson, is a public University in Toronto, Canada. [6] He also became a prominent activist for a variety of causes. He has written several books, including Homelessness: The Making and Unmaking of a Crisis and, more recently, a book on general public policy, Speaking Out.

Toronto City Council

At York and Ryerson, Layton developed close links with a number of Toronto figures including John Sewell and David Crombie. For the English footballer of the same name see John Sewell (footballer. David Edward Crombie, PC, OC (born April 24 1936) is a Canadian politician professor and consultant He was first elected to Toronto City Council in 1982, in a surprise upset against incumbent Gordon Chong. The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gordon Joseph Chong is a Toronto politician and public servant He quickly became one of the most outspoken members of council, and a leader of the left wing. [7] He was one of the most vocal opponents of the massive SkyDome project,[8] and an early advocate for rights for AIDS patients. SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation [9] In 1984, he was fined for trespassing when he handed out leaflets at the Eaton Centre during a strike by Eaton's staff, but the charge was later thrown out on freedom of speech grounds. Eaton's, which was once Canada 's largest Department store chain partnered with development companies throughout the 1970s and 1980s to develop downtown [10] Layton was also one of the few opponents to Toronto's bid for the 1996 Summer Olympics. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International [11] In 1985, he moved to the Metro Toronto council, in the first direct elections for members of that body. The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was the senior level of Municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area from 1954 to [12][13] In the 1988 municipal elections, Layton traded places with City Council ally Dale Martin, with Martin going to Metro and Layton returning to Toronto City Council. Layton was easily elected in a contest with former high school teacher Lois MacMillan-Walker. The election was a major victory for Layton as the reformist coalition of which he was the de facto head gained control of City Council, the first time in city history a coalition of New Democrats and independents controlled council. [14]

In July 1988, he married Hong Kong-born Toronto school board trustee Olivia Chow in a ceremony on Algonquin Island. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Olivia Chow ( born March 24, 1957, in Hong Kong) is a New Democratic Party Member of Parliament and former city councillor The Toronto Islands are a chain of small Islands in Lake Ontario. [15] Their whitewater rafting honeymoon plans had to be abandoned, however, when days after the wedding Layton collided with a newspaper box while bicycling. [16] Chow later joined Layton on Toronto City Council, and she has also been a candidate for the federal New Democrats three times, winning her seat the third time in a close race against Tony Ianno in the 2006 election. Tony Ianno, PC, BSc (born January 2, 1957) is a Canadian Politician and businessman

Layton and Chow were also the subject of some dispute when a June 14, 1990 Toronto Star article by Tom Kerr accused them of unfairly living in a housing cooperative subsidized by the federal government, despite their high income. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. A housing cooperative is a legal entity—usually a Corporation —that owns Real estate, consisting of one or more residential buildings [17] Layton and Chow had both lived in the Hazelburn Co-op since 1985, and lived together in an $800 per month three-bedroom apartment after their marriage in 1988. By 1990, their combined annual income was $120,000, and in March of that year they began voluntarily paying an additional $325 per month to offset their share of the co-op's Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation subsidy, the only members of the co-op to do so. Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation ( CMHC) is a Crown corporation owned by the Government of Canada. In response to the article, the co-op's board argued that having mixed-income tenants was crucial to the success of co-ops, and that the laws deliberately set aside apartments for those willing to pay market rates, such as Layton and Chow. [18] During the late 1980s and early 1990s they maintained approximately 30% of their units as low income units and provided the rest at what they considered market rent. In June 1990, the city's solicitor cleared the couple of any wrong-doing,[19] and later that month, Layton and Chow left the co-op and bought a house in Toronto's Chinatown together with Chow's mother, a move they said had been planned for some time. [20] Former Toronto mayor John Sewell later wrote in NOW Magazine that rival Toronto city councillor Tom Jakobek had given the story to Tom Kerr. For the English footballer of the same name see John Sewell (footballer. Tom Jakobek is a former member of the Toronto City Council. He was first elected to council in 1982 after serving as a school trustee and remained a member until 2000 [21]

Originally known for coming to council meetings in blue jeans with unkempt hair, Layton worked to change his image to run for mayor in the 1991 civic election. The 1991 Toronto municipal election was held on November 12, 1991 to elect councillors in Metropolitan Toronto, Canada, and mayors councillors He also started wearing contact lenses, abandoning his glasses, and traded in his blue jeans for suits. [22] In February 1991, Layton became the first official NDP candidate for the mayoralty, pitting him against centrist incumbent Art Eggleton. Arthur "Art" C Eggleton, PC (born September 29, 1943 in Toronto, Ontario) is a former Canadian Cabinet minister [23] In a move that surprised many, Eggleton elected not to run again. [24]

Layton was opposed by three right-of-centre candidates: Susan Fish, June Rowlands, and Betty Disero. Susan Fish ( March 21, 1945 — is a former Canadian politician June Rowlands (born 1925) was the 60th mayor of Toronto Ontario, and the first woman to hold that office (beginning in 1991 Betty Disero is a former city councillor in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Right wing support soon coalesced around former city councillor Rowlands, preventing the internal divisions Layton needed to win office. [25] Layton was also hurt by the growing unpopularity of the provincial NDP government of Bob Rae,[26] and by his earlier opposition to Toronto's Olympic bid. Robert Keith "Bob" Rae PC OC QC OOnt MP (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian Bid organizer Paul Henderson accused Layton and his allies of costing Toronto the event. This article is about the Canadian ice hockey player For others with the same name see Paul Henderson (disambiguation. [27] Despite this, October polls showed Layton only four points behind Rowlands, with 36% support. [28] However on October 17, Fish, a former provincial Tory cabinet minister who had only 19% support, pulled out of the race, and many of her supporters moved to Rowlands. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Layton lost the November 12 election by a considerable margin. [29] However, in the same election Olivia Chow easily won a seat on City Council.

Layton returned to academia and founded the Green Catalyst Group Inc. , an environmental consulting business. [30] In 1993, he ran for the Canadian House of Commons in the riding of Rosedale for the NDP, but finished fourth in the generally Liberal riding. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and Toronto Centre, Rosedale and Toronto Centre–Rosedale make up a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that In 1994, he returned to Metro Council, and he resumed his high profile role in local politics. He also came to national attention as the leader of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities. The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM is a civic advocacy group representing many Canadian municipalities [31] He ran again in the 1997 federal election, but lost to incumbent Dennis Mills by a wide margin. The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 36th Parliament of Dennis Joseph Mills (b July 19, 1946 in Toronto) is a Canadian businessman and former politician

Leader of the NDP

Jack Layton addresses the 2003 NDP convention in Toronto, where he was elected leader
Jack Layton addresses the 2003 NDP convention in Toronto, where he was elected leader

Layton was elected leader of the NDP at the party's leadership convention in Toronto, on January 25, 2003. NDP leadership conventions are the process by which the Canadian New Democratic Party elects its leader Layton won on the first ballot with 53. 5% of the vote, defeating Bill Blaikie and Lorne Nystrom. William Alexander "Bill" Blaikie, PC (born June 19, 1951) is the current Deputy Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons. Lorne Edmund Nystrom PC (born April 26, 1946) a Canadian politician was a member of the Canadian House of Commons from [32] His campaign was focused on the need to reinvigorate the party, and was prominently endorsed by former NDP leader Ed Broadbent. John Edward "Ed" Broadbent PC, CC (born March 21, 1936 in Oshawa, Ontario) is a Canadian Social [33]

Layton did not seek election to the House of Commons by running in a by-election, as is the tradition among new party leaders without a seat. A by-election or bye-election (called special election in the United States) is an Election held to fill a political office that has become vacant Instead, he waited until the 2004 federal election to contest the riding of Toronto-Danforth against Liberal Dennis Mills. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of An electoral district (also known as a Constituency or a riding in the Canadian English political Jargon) is a geographically-based Toronto—Danforth (formerly Broadview—Greenwood) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Dennis Joseph Mills (b July 19, 1946 in Toronto) is a Canadian businessman and former politician With no seat in the House of Commons, he appointed the runner-up, longtime Winnipeg-area MP Bill Blaikie, as parliamentary leader. William Alexander "Bill" Blaikie, PC (born June 19, 1951) is the current Deputy Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons. [34] Although he had no parliamentary seat, Layton was noted for drawing considerable attention from the Canadian mass media. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" [35][36] Much of his rhetoric has involved attacking the policies of Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin as conservative, and arguing the ideology of the Liberal Party of Canada has shifted in a more right wing direction. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Another focus of Layton's leadership has been to focus the party's efforts on Quebec, one of the party's weaker provinces. [37] One of his opponents in the leadership race, Pierre Ducasse, was the first Québécois to run for leader of the NDP. Pierre Ducasse (born August 18, 1972) a Canadian politician is a prominent New Democratic Party (NDP activist After the race, Layton appointed Ducasse as his Quebec lieutenant and party spokesperson. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk [38]

The result of Layton's efforts was a strong increase in the party's support. By the end of 2003 the party was polling higher than both the Canadian Alliance or Progressive Conservatives[39] and it was even suggested that the next election could see the NDP in place as official opposition. The Canadian Alliance (in French Alliance Canadienne) formally the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance (or in French Alliance réformiste-conservateur The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( PC) ( Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada) ( 1867 – 2003) was a Canadian Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government particularly in a Westminster -based Parliamentary system [40]

2004 election

During the 2004 federal election, controversy erupted over Layton's accusation that Liberal Prime Minister Paul Martin was responsible for the deaths of homeless people because he failed to provide funding for affordable housing. [41] While rates of homelessness and homeless deaths increased during the eleven years of Liberal government, the link to Martin's decisions was indirect as affordable housing is a mainly provincial jurisdiction. [42] Layton's charge was defended by some, including the right wing Ottawa Citizen. [43], but most attacked it as inaccurate and negative campaigning. Negative campaigning is trying to win an advantage by referring to negative aspects of an opponent or of a policy rather than emphasizing one's own positive attributes or preferred Moreover the controversy consumed the campaign, overshadowing policy announcements over the next week. [44] See also: Homelessness in Canada

Further controversy followed as Layton suggested the removal of the Clarity Act, considered by some to be vital to keeping Quebec in Canada and by others as undemocratic, and promised to recognize any declaration of independence by Quebec after a referendum. Homelessness in Canada continues to be a serious issue particularly in major urban centres such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. The Clarity Act (known as Bill C-20 before it became law is legislation of Canada 's federal parliament that established the conditions under which the Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk [45] This position was not part of the NDP's official party policy, leading some high-profile party members, such as NDP House Leader Bill Blaikie and former NDP leader Alexa McDonough, to publicly indicate that they did not share Layton's views. William Alexander "Bill" Blaikie, PC (born June 19, 1951) is the current Deputy Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons. Alexa Ann McDonough, née Shaw, MP (born August 11, 1944) is a Canadian politician who led the New Democratic Party of Nova Scotia His position on the Clarity Act was reversed in the 2006 election to one of support. [46]

Layton advocated replacing the first-past-the-post system with proportional representation. The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation or PR is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes He even threatened to use the NDP's clout in the event of a minority government. However, it was dismissed out of hand by the Liberal and Bloc Québécois leaders, as they tend to be favored by the first-past-the-post system, normally being allocated a greater proportion of seats than the proportion of votes cast for them. Historically, the NDP's popular vote does not translate into a proportional number of seats because of scattered support. This was most opposed by the Bloc Québécois, who usually had the lowest popular vote but nonetheless won many seats because their support was concentrated in Quebec.

Despite these problems, Layton led the NDP to a 15% popular vote, its highest in 16 years. However, it only won 19 seats in the House of Commons, two less than the 21 won under Alexa McDonough in 1997, and far short of the 40 that Layton predicted on the eve of the election. However, some potential NDP voters may have voted Liberal to prevent a possible Conservative win. Layton's wife, Olivia Chow, and several other prominent Toronto NDP candidates lost tight races and Layton won his own seat against incumbent Liberal Dennis Mills by a much narrower margin than early polls indicated. Olivia Chow ( born March 24, 1957, in Hong Kong) is a New Democratic Party Member of Parliament and former city councillor Dennis Joseph Mills (b July 19, 1946 in Toronto) is a Canadian businessman and former politician

Liberal minority government

With the ruling Liberal Party being reduced to a minority government, revelations of the sponsorship scandal damaging its popularity to the point where both the Conservative Party and the Bloc Québécois were pressing their advantage for a snap election, the Prime Minister approached the NDP for its support. A minority government or a minority cabinet is a Cabinet of a Parliamentary system formed when the governing Political party or The sponsorship scandal, "AdScam", "Sponsorship" or Sponsorgate, is a Scandal that came as a result of a Canadian The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative The Bloc Québécois ( BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to both the protection of Quebec's interests on a federal A snap election is an election called earlier than scheduled Generally it refers to an election called when no one expects it usually to capitalize on a unique electoral opportunity or Layton demanded the cancellation of proposed corporate tax cuts and called for an increase in social spending. The ensuing compromise in the NDP's favour was protested by the other opposition parties who used it as a pretext to force a non-confidence vote. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion On May 19, two such votes were defeated and Layton's amendments went on to be passed on its final reading vote on June 23. As a result of this political coup and his apparent civil behavior in a spitefully raucous parliament, many political analysts have noted that Layton has gained increased credibility as an effective leader of an important party, becoming the major second choice leader in many political polls - for example, polling second in Quebec after Gilles Duceppe, despite the low polls for his party as a whole in the province. Gilles Duceppe, MP (born July 22, 1947) is a Quebec nationalist and Social democratic politician in Canada.

In mid-November 2005, when Liberal support dropped after the Gomery Inquiry delivered its first report, Layton offered the Prime Minister several conditions in return for the NDP's continued support, most notably a ban on private health care in Canada. The Gomery Commission, formally the Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities, was a federal Canadian Royal Commission When the Liberals turned him down, Layton announced he would introduce a motion requesting a February election. However, the Martin government refused to allow the election date to be decided by the opposition. A motion of non-confidence followed, moved by Stephen Harper and seconded by Layton, triggering the 2006 federal election. The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the

2006 campaign

In a media scrum during the 2006 winter election campaign.
In a media scrum during the 2006 winter election campaign.

With a vote scheduled for January 23, 2006 many New Democrats expected Layton to deliver substantially more seats than he did in 2004. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. They hoped the NDP would hold the balance of power in a new minority parliament, so that they could carry additional leverage in negotiating with the governing party.

During the election, Mike Klander (the executive vice-president of the federal Liberals' Ontario wing) resigned after making posts on his blog comparing Chow to a Chow Chow dog and calling her husband an "asshole". A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Chow Chow, or Chow, is a breed of Dog that was first developed in Mongolia about 4000 years ago and was later introduced Asshole (or arsehole in British English) is Slang for the Anus and can be used to describe an unpleasant person [47]

Through the course of the campaign, Layton attempted to cast himself as the sole remaining champion of universal health-care. Some opinion polls showed that Canadians found Layton the most appealing and charismatic of the leaders. Layton repeatedly insisted that "Canadians have a third choice", and urged Liberals to "lend us your vote". Some commentators and pundits mocked Mr. Layton for over-using these catchphrases instead of explaining the NDP platform.

The NDP's strategy had changed in that they were focusing their attacks on the Liberals rather than in 2004 where they criticized both the Liberals and Conservatives in equal measure prompting some criticism from Paul Martin. [48] Andrew Coyne suggested that the NDP not only wanted to disassociate themselves from the scandal-ridden Liberals, but also because the Liberals were likely to receive credit for legislation achieved under the Liberal-NDP partnership. The NDP had also lost close races in the 2004 election due to the Liberals' strategic voting. Early in the campaign, NDP MP Judy Wasylycia-Leis had asked the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to launch a criminal investigation into the leaking of the income trust announcement[49] The criminal probe seriously damaged the Liberal campaign and preventing them from making their key policy announcements, as well as bringing alleged Liberal corruption back into the spotlight. Klazina Judith Wasylycia-Leis (pronounced Was-aH-lish-aH-lease MP, MA (born August 10, 1951) is a Canadian politician

Layton's campaign direction also caused a break between him and Canadian Auto Workers union head Buzz Hargrove over the issue of strategic voting. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Canadian Auto Workers ( CAW; formally the National Automobile Basil Eldon "Buzz" Hargrove (born March 8, 1944, Bath New Brunswick, Canada) is the former National President of the Canadian In Voting systems tactical voting (or strategic voting or sophisticated voting) occurs when a voter supports a candidate other than his or her Hargrove preferred a Liberal minority government supported by the NDP and he had earlier criticized Layton for participating in the motion of non-confidence that brought down the Liberal government. Hargrove allied with the Liberals and publicly stated that he "did not like the campaign that Jack Layton was running", criticizing Layton for "spending too much time attacking the Liberals". During the final week of the campaign, Hargrove and Martin urged all progressive voters to unite behind the Liberal banner to stop a Conservative government. Knowing that last-minute strategic voting had cost the NDP seats in several close ridings during the 2004 election[11], Layton intensified his attacks on the Liberal scandals, pledging to use his minority clout to keep the Conservatives in check. Shortly after the election, the Ontario provincial branch of the NDP revoked Mr. Hargrove's party membership, due to the fact that he had violated the party's constitution by campaigning for other parties during an election campaign. Mr. Layton disagreed with this action, though Hargrove retaliated by severing ties with the NDP at the annual CAW convention.

The election brought the NDP significantly increased presence in the House of Commons, increasing their total seats to 29 seats, from 18 MP before dissolution. Among the new NDP candidates elected was Layton's wife, Olivia Chow, thereby making the two only the second husband and wife team in Canadian Parliament history. (Gurmant Grewal and Nina Grewal were the first husband and wife team in Canadian Parliament after the 2004 federal election). Gurmant Singh Grewal, BSc, MBA (born December 21, 1957 in Barundi, Punjab, India) is a Canadian politician Narinder Kaur (Nina Grewal, MP (born October 20, 1958) is a Canadian politician of the Conservative Party. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of

In the end, the NDP succeeded in increasing their seats to 29, though they had far fewer seats than the Bloc Québécois (51) or the Opposition Liberals (103).

Conservative minority government

The NDP has the balance of power in the 39th Parliament. The Speaker votes only in a tie, so that reduces the Liberal caucus by one, enabling the Conservatives to pass legislature with the cooperation of the NDP (125 + 29 = 154 versus 100 + 51 + 2 = 153). The Conservatives can also pass legislation with either Liberal or Bloc Québécois support.

At the NDP's 22nd Convention, held on September 10, 2006 in Quebec City, Layton received a 92-per-cent approval rating in a leadership vote, tying former Reform Party leader Preston Manning's record for this kind of voting. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province The Reform Party of Canada ( Parti réformiste du Canada) was a Canadian federal Political party that existed from 1987 to 2000 Ernest Preston Manning, CC (born June 10, 1942, in Edmonton Alberta) is a Right-wing populist Canadian politician [50] At the same convention, the NDP passed a motion calling for the return of Canadian troops from Afghanistan. On September 24, 2006, he met with Afghan president Hamid Karzai to discuss the NDP position. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Hamid Karzai ( حامد کرزي, حامد کرزي) (born 24 December 1957) is the current President of Afghanistan, since December After the meeting Layton stated that Canada's role should be focused on traditional peacekeeping and reconstruction rather than in a front line combat role currently taking place. [51]

Jack Layton and the NDP caucus voted to support the new proposed rules for income trusts introduced by the Conservatives October 31, 2006. An income trust is an Investment trust that holds Income -producing Assets The term also designates a legal entity, Capital structure The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [52] The short-term result of the tax policy announcement was a loss to Canadian investors of $20 Billion, the largest ever loss attributed to a change in government policy. [53] According to the Canadian Association of Income Trust Investors some 2. 5 million Canadian investors were affected by the change in Income Trust policy[54]

Jack Layton threatened to move a motion of non-confidence against the government over the "Clean Air Act" unless action was taken to improve the bill and its approach to environmental policy. An income trust is an Investment trust that holds Income -producing Assets The term also designates a legal entity, Capital structure [55] Prime Minister Harper agreed to put an end to the Parliamentary logjam by sending the bill to a special legislative committee before second reading. Jack Layton released his proposed changes to the "Clean Air Act" on November 19, 2006. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [56]

Layton wants Canada to end its military role in Afghanistan as soon as possible and redirect its efforts towards "reconstruction, aid and peace". Canada did not have a significant role in the first few months of the invasion of Afghanistan that began on October 7, 2001, and the first contingents [57]

On June 11, 2008 Prime Minister Stephen Harper made it known that he had received private counsel from Jack Layton on the matter of Indian residential schools and the apology to former students of the schools. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Canadian residential school system consisted of a number of schools for Aboriginal children operated during the 19th and 20th century by churches of various denominations Stephen Harper's thanks to Layton came before he gave the apology. [58]

Selected works

References

  1. ^ Campion-Smith, Bruce. "Good for Canada, Layton declares; Commons backs 'first NDP budget'. " Toronto Star. The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. Toronto, Ont. : May 20, 2005. pg. A. 06
  2. ^ "Behind the Scenes: A Look at the Party Leaders' Family Trees. " The Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities Dec 21, 2005. pg. A. 7
  3. ^ Wallace, James. "Man of the people: Jack Layton is a pragmatist waiting to be given a chance. " Sudbury Star. Jan 9, 2006. pg. A. 8
  4. ^ Taber, Jane. "Outside House, Layton learns pecking order" The Globe and Mail. Feb 1, 2003. pg. A. 5
  5. ^ Geddes, John. "Jack Layton. " Maclean's. Maclean's is a Canadian weekly News magazine, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics pop culture and current events December 5, 2005
  6. ^ "Grading the candidates: What are the educational qualifications of the candidates for mayor of Toronto?" Toronto Star. Sep 29, 1991. pg. A. 3
  7. ^ Hayes, David R. "A new star rising over left field. " The Globe and Mail. Jan 8, 1983. pg. F. 3
  8. ^ MacLeod, Robert. "Layton urges SkyDome inquiry. " The Globe and Mail. Sep 12, 1991. pg. A. 11
  9. ^ Monsebraaten, Laurie. "Alderman proposes $2. 1 million AIDS team. " Toronto Star. May 6, 1987. pg. A. 6
  10. ^ Spears, Tom. "Alderman wins appeal for handing out leaflets at Eaton's during strike. " Toronto Star. May 27, 1986. pg. A. 18
  11. ^ James, Royson. "Failure pinned on Jack Layton, poverty group. " Toronto Star. Sep 19, 1990. pg. A. 3
  12. ^ Smith, Michael. "Toronto Aldermen gearing up for first direct Metro election. " Toronto Star. Jul 16, 1985. pg. A. 6
  13. ^ "Layton proved right. " The Globe and Mail. Nov 13, 1985. pg. A. 17
  14. ^ Monsebraaten, Laurie. "Reformers on coucnil seek Toronto's 'rebirth. '" Toronto Star. Nov 19, 1988. pg. D. 1
  15. ^ Spears, Tom. "Busy trustee keeps to a hectic schedule. " Toronto Star. Jul 10, 1988. pg. A. 10
  16. ^ "Layton Sues for Bike Mishap that 'Ruined' his Honeymoon. " Toronto Star. Jul 5, 1988. pg. A. 7
  17. ^ Kerr, Tom. "Well-to-do Layton lives in 'affordable co-op'". Toronto Star. Jun. 14, 1990. pg. A1.
  18. ^ Kerr, Tom. "Co-op residents answer critics". Toronto Star. Jul. 19, 1990. pg. A21
  19. ^ Polanyi, Margaret. "Layton cleared of wrongdoing Police say councillor committed no impropriety by living in co-op. " The Globe and Mail. Aug 17, 1990. pg. A. 8
  20. ^ Duffy, Andrew. "Layton says he's moving from co-op. " Toronto Star. Jun 24, 1990. pg. A. 3
  21. ^ Wolfe, Morris. "Sensational tabloids are enticing a suspicious public. " The Globe and Mail. Feb 4, 1992. pg. D. 1.
  22. ^ Byers, Jim. "Jack Layton's trim new look triggers rumor mill at city hall. " Toronto Star. Feb 5, 1987. pg. A. 6
  23. ^ Lewis, David Stein. "Councillor Jack Layton's campaign to become mayor of Toronto is . . . " Toronto Star. Feb 6, 1991. pg. A. 25
  24. ^ Kerr, Tom. "Eggleton out of race for mayor. " Toronto Star. May 2, 1991. pg. A. 1
  25. ^ Byers, Jim. "Rowlands leads by 2-1 margin But 55% want more choice for mayor, Star poll shows" Toronto Star Nov 9, 1991. pg. A. 1
  26. ^ MacLeod, Robert. "Rae's misfortunes called drag on Layton Toronto mayoral candidate running under NDP banner. " The Globe and Mail. Jun 15, 1991. pg. A. 7
  27. ^ Byers, Jim. "Guide to the real winners, losers Apparent victories are defeats in topsy-turvy world of politics. " Toronto Star. Nov 15, 1991. pg. A. 12
  28. ^ Byers, Jim. "Rowlands just ahead of Layton, Star poll finds. " Toronto Star. Oct 10, 1991. pg. A. 1
  29. ^ Byers, Jim. "Layton beaten by Rowlands in all but one of 16 wards. " Toronto Star. Nov 21, 1991. pg. A. 7
  30. ^ Lakey, Jack. "The mellowing of Jack Layton. " Toronto Star. Jan 4, 1999. pg. 1
  31. ^ "Layton launches bid to lead NDP: Outspoken T. O. city councillor. " The Province. Jul 23, 2002. pg. A. 22
  32. ^ Haight, Lana. "Layton surprises locals: Supporters 'blown away' by win over Blaikie, Nystrom; Lana Haight. " Star - Phoenix. Jan 27, 2003. pg. A. 1.
  33. ^ "Broadbent backs Toronto city councillor as NDP chief. " Times - Colonist. Nov 28, 2002. pg. A. 7
  34. ^ Paraskevas, Joe. "NDP leader goes after Grits on Day One. " Sudbury Star. Jan 28, 2003. pg. A. 8
  35. ^ Goar, Carol. "He makes it look too effortless. " Toronto Star. Nov 5, 2003. pg. A. 26
  36. ^ Curry, Bill. "NDP's Layton accused of hogging the microphones. " National Post. Feb 25, 2003. pg. A. 11
  37. ^ Chung, Andrew. "Quebec a difficult hill for NDP to climb. " Toronto Star. Apr 26, 2003. pg. E. 02
  38. ^ Curry, Bill. "NDP counting on Ducasse: Popular quebecer to run in manicouagan" The Gazette. Jan 5, 2004. pg. A. 10
  39. ^ Lunman, Kim. "NDP inching past conservatives, poll indicates. " The Globe and Mail. Dec 5, 2003. pg. A. 4
  40. ^ Canton, Maria. "NDP official opposition possible, predicts prof. " Calgary Herald. Nov 16, 2003. pg. A. 8.
  41. ^ Aubry, Jack. "Layton's line starts a storm. " Times - Colonist. May 28, 2004. pg. A. 4
  42. ^ Murphy, Barbara. On the street: how we created the homeless. Winnipeg: J. Gordon Shillingford, c2000.
  43. ^ Coyne, Andrew. "Layton's charge is out of order. " National Post. May 29, 2004. pg. A. 22
  44. ^ Curry, Bill. "Layton drops from radar during Week 2. " Star - Phoenix. Jun 5, 2004. pg. A. 13
  45. ^ Chase, Steven. "Layton would axe Clarity Act" The Globe and Mail. May 29, 2004. pg. A. 1
  46. ^ "Layton reverses course on Clarity Act". CTV News. Dec. 7, 2005. [1]
  47. ^ "Liberal exec quits over his blog remarks about NDPers". CBC. ca. Dec. 27, 2005. [2]
  48. ^ "Martin attacks Layton for not attacking Harper" CBC. ca. Jan. 17, 2006. [3]
  49. ^ "Income trust a major campaign turning point". CTV News. Jan. 22, 2006. [4]
  50. ^ Panetta, Alexander. "Layton gets strong backing". London Free Press. Sept. 11, 2006.
  51. ^ "Karzai, Layton find common ground". CBC. ca. Sept. 24, 2006. [5]
  52. ^ Coalition of Canadian Energy Trusts. Vote Breakdown. Nov. 7, 2006. [6]
  53. ^ "Flaherty received death threats". Global National TV. Feb. 1, 2007.
  54. ^ Fullard, Brent. "Income Trusts: Just Another Special Interest Group?" Canadian Association of Income Trust Investors. Jan. 5, 2007. [7]
  55. ^ De Souza, Mike. "NDP threaten confidence vote over environmental measures". CanWest News Service. Oct. 31, 2006. [8]
  56. ^ "Layton wants Tories to commit to Kyoto target". CTV News. Nov. 19, 2006. [9]
  57. ^ "Jack Layton’s Throne Speech: It’s Time to Build a Better Canada", ndp. ca, October 27, 2007, accessed March 2, 2008
  58. ^ Harper, Stephen J. , "Apology to Former Students of Indian Residential Schools" House of Commons Debates, Official Reports (Hansard) 39th Parl. , 2nd Sess. (June 11, 2008) (Online) [10]

External links


Political offices
Preceded by
Alexa McDonough		Leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada
2003–present		Succeeded by
incumbent
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by
Dennis Mills		Member of Parliament for Toronto—Danforth
2004–present		Succeeded by
incumbent
Persondata
NAMELayton, John Gilbert
ALTERNATIVE NAMESLayton, Jack
SHORT DESCRIPTIONLeader of the New Democratic Party of Canada
DATE OF BIRTHJuly 18, 1950
PLACE OF BIRTHHudson, Quebec
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Alexa Ann McDonough, née Shaw, MP (born August 11, 1944) is a Canadian politician who led the New Democratic Party of Nova Scotia Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Dennis Joseph Mills (b July 19, 1946 in Toronto) is a Canadian businessman and former politician Toronto—Danforth (formerly Broadview—Greenwood) is a federal and provincial electoral district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hudson, Quebec, Canada, is a town with a population of 5088 ( 2006 Census) on the south-west bank of the lower Ottawa River, in the county
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