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Jack A. Abramoff
Jack Abramoff testifying before the Senate Indian Affairs Committee.
Born February 28, 1959 (1959-02-28) (age 49)
Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
Penalty 5 years and 10 months imprisonment
Status in prison
Occupation businessman, lobbyist
Spouse Pam Alexander

Jack Abramoff (born February 28, 1959) is a felon, a former lobbyist,[1] and a businessman who was a central figure in a series of high-profile political scandals. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of A businessperson (also businessman or businesswoman) is someone who is employed at usually a profit-oriented enterprise, or more specifically someone Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups A businessperson (also businessman or businesswoman) is someone who is employed at usually a profit-oriented enterprise, or more specifically someone The federal investigations into Jack Abramoff and his political and business dealings are among the broadest and most extensive in American political history involving well He is serving time at a minimum security federal prsion in Maryland.

Abramoff pled guilty on January 3, 2006, to three criminal felony counts in a Washington, D.C., federal court related to the defrauding of American Indian tribes and corruption of public officials. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In Common law legal systems a felony is a serious Crime, often contrasted with a Misdemeanor. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The United States federal courts are the system of Courts organized under the Constitution and laws of the Federal government of the United States The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, [2] The following day he pled guilty to two criminal felony counts in a separate federal court, in Miami, related to his fraudulent dealings with SunCruz Casinos. SunCruz Casinos is one of many cruise lines that offer "cruises to nowhere" legally transporting passengers into International waters beyond the reach [3]

The extensive corruption investigation has led to the conviction of White House officials J. Steven Griles and David Safavian, U. James Steven "Steve" Griles (born December 13, 1947) was a Coal lobbyist and the Deputy Secretary for the U David Hossein Safavian (born August 4, 1967) is a former chief of staff of the United States General Services Administration (GSA and a figure in S. Representative Bob Ney, and nine other lobbyists and Congressional aides. Robert William "Freedom Bob" Ney (born July 5 1954) is an American politician from the U

Abramoff was a top lobbyist for the Preston Gates & Ellis and Greenberg Traurig firms and a director of the National Center for Public Policy Research, a conservative think tank, and Toward Tradition. See also Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis Preston Gates & Ellis LLP, also known as Preston Gates, was a Law firm with offices in Greenberg Traurig LLP is an international Law firm with approximately 1800 Attorneys and governmental professionals in 30 locations in the United States The National Center for Public Policy Research, founded in 1982, is a self-described conservative Think tank in the United States. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such Toward Tradition is a politically conservative non-profit organization founded by Rabbi Daniel Lapin based in Mercer Island Washington, United States He was College Republican National Committee National Chairman from 1981 to 1985. The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States He was a founding member of the International Freedom Foundation. The International Freedom Foundation (IFF was a self-described Anti-communist group established in Washington D

Contents

Early life

Abramoff Scandal
Events & scandals
Plead guilty
Convicted
Named but not charged
Others
Lists
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Abramoff was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey. The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, The Jack Abramoff Guam investigation involves an alleged plot by lobbyist Jack Abramoff and others to control the functions of the courts in Guam. The Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal involves the efforts of Jack Abramoff, other lobbyists, and government officials to change or prevent or both Congressional action The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (IGPA was a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling The monetary influence of Jack Abramoff ran deep in Washington as Jack Abramoff spent millions of dollars to influence and entertain Republican politicians SunCruz Casinos is one of many cruise lines that offer "cruises to nowhere" legally transporting passengers into International waters beyond the reach of John Albaugh is a former Republican Congressional staffer who was the fourteenth person found guilty in the Jack Abramoff scandals. Robert Jared Carpenter was the vice president of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy beginning in 2000 Robert E Coughlin, II is an American Lawyer and was formerly the Deputy Chief of Staff Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice. Italia Federici (born August 12, 1969) the former president of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy (CREA James Steven "Steve" Griles (born December 13, 1947) was a Coal lobbyist and the Deputy Secretary for the U William Heaton (born 1979 is the former chief of staff for former Rep Adam Kidan is a former business associate of convicted Lobbyist Jack Abramoff, who partnered with Abramoff in the purchase of SunCruz Casinos. Robert William "Freedom Bob" Ney (born July 5 1954) is an American politician from the U Tony Charles Rudy (born May 3, 1966) an American Lobbyist and an associate of Jack Abramoff. Michael Scanlon is a former communications director for Rep Tom DeLay, Lobbyist, and Public relations executive who has plead guilty to corruption charges Roger G Stillwell (born October 13, 1939) an American Lobbyist. Neil Volz was Chief of Staff to Representative Bob Ney (R-Ohio staff director of the House Administration Committee and later part of Team Abramoff, when he left Mark Zachares is a former Congressional aide to Rep Don Young (R-AK and lobbyist who pleaded guilty to accepting tens of thousands of dollars in gifts from lobbyist David Hossein Safavian (born August 4, 1967) is a former chief of staff of the United States General Services Administration (GSA and a figure in Edwin A Buckham is a former congressional staffer and lobbyist who presently is under investigation in various scandals surrounding high-profile lobbyist Jack Abramoff Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8 1947 is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Sugar Land, Texas. Thomas Charles "Tom" Feeney III usually known as Tom Feeney (born May 21 1958) is a Republican politician from the state of Ernest James Istook Jr (born February 11 1950, in Fort Worth Texas) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Kevin A Ring was a Lobbyist and Republican Congressional staffer "Team Abramoff" is the team of lobbyists assembled by Jack Abramoff when he worked at Greenberg Traurig, primarily of former aides to prominent Congressional Konstantinos "Gus" Boulis ( 1949 - February 6 2001) was a land-developer casino operator and restaurant owner of Greek descent who was murdered Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is president of anti- Tax Lobbying group Americans for Tax Reform. Susan Bonzon Ralston (born October 15 1967) is the President of SBR Enterprises LLC a government affairs public relations and business consulting firm in Ralph Eugene Reed Jr, (born June 24, 1961) is a conservative American political activist best known as the first executive director of Rev Louis P "Lou" Sheldon (born 1934 in Washington DC Robert Warren "Bob" Schaffer (born July 24, 1962) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from the Jack Abramoff 's career brought him into contact with numerous organizations including lobbying firms restaurants Think tanks and charitable organizations Several Native American tribes were defrauded by Lobbyist Jack Abramoff in his namesake Indian lobbying scandal. The following is a list of trips for politicians lobbyists and staffers funded by Jack Abramoff. 1980s 1981 - Elected Chairman of the College Republican National Committee in a campaign managed by Grover Norquist, the executive director of the His father, Franklin Abramoff, was president of the franchises unit of Diners Club. Diners Club International, originally founded as Diners Club, is a charge card company formed in 1950 by Frank X [4]

In 1968, when Abramoff was 10, his family moved to Beverly Hills, California. Abramoff attended Beverly Hills High School,[5] where he was renowned for his football and weightlifting prowess (he reportedly squatted over 500 pounds). Beverly Hills High School (usually abbreviated as "Beverly" or as "BHHS" is the only major Public high school in Beverly Hills California American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Weightlifting, also called Olympic weightlifting or Olympic-style weightlifting, is a sport in which participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a barbell During his high school years, he managed both the Beverly Hills and Westwood United Artists movie theater; his father had left Palmer to become president of the Diner's Club franchises. Westwood is a district in western Los Angeles, California, United States. This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. Diners Club International, originally founded as Diners Club, is a charge card company formed in 1950 by Frank X Abramoff has said that he became a Baal teshuva at the age of 12 after seeing the film version of Fiddler on the Roof. See also Repentance in Judaism Baal teshuva ( Hebrew: he בעל תשובה; for a woman he בעלת תשובה baalat/baalas teshuva; Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, Lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set [6]

On an episode of Public Radio International's This American Life that aired in June 2006, journalist Jonathan Gold described Abramoff as a high school bully. Public Radio International ( PRI) is a Minneapolis -based American Public radio organization with locations in Boston, New York This American Life ( TAL) is a weekly hour-long Radio program produced by Chicago Public Radio and hosted by Ira Glass. Jonathan Gold is a food critic who currently writes for LA Weekly and Gourmet magazine. "He was the sort of person who would walk across the street to be unpleasant to somebody," Gold says, going on to describe how Abramoff knocked him and his cello down a flight of stairs. The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ [7] The episode was number 314, "It's Never Over".

College and law school years

As an undergraduate at Brandeis University, Abramoff served as Chairman of the Massachusetts Alliance of College Republicans, which organized student volunteers for Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. Brandeis University is a private research University with a Liberal arts focus located in Waltham Massachusetts, United States. The United States presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter and his Republican opponent Ronald Reagan He graduated in 1981 and earned his JD at the Georgetown University Law Center in 1986. Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional Georgetown University Law Center ( Georgetown Law) is Georgetown University 's Law school, located in Washington D

According to Nina J. Easton's book Gang of Five, Abramoff gained much of his credibility in the conservative movement through his father, Franklin Abramoff. As president of Diners Club, Abramoff's father worked closely with Alfred S. Bloomingdale, a personal friend of Ronald Reagan, and Abramoff would use the name in fundraising. Alfred Samuel Bloomingdale ( April 15, 1916 &ndash August 23, 1982) was an heir to the Bloomingdale's department store fortune

College Republican National Chairman

After graduating from Brandeis, Abramoff ran for election as chairman of the College Republican National Committee (CRNC). The College Republicans is a national organization for College and University students who support the Republican Party of the United States After a campaign which cost over $10,000 and was managed by Grover Norquist, Abramoff won the election after the chief competitor, Amy Moritz (who later, as Amy Ridenour, became a founding director of the National Center for Public Policy Research, and was involved in several trips funded by Jack Abramoff), was convinced to drop out. Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is president of anti- Tax Lobbying group Americans for Tax Reform. Amy Moritz Ridenour (born 1959) president of the National Center for Public Policy Research, a Washington DC conservative think tank The National Center for Public Policy Research, founded in 1982, is a self-described conservative Think tank in the United States. The following is a list of trips for politicians lobbyists and staffers funded by Jack Abramoff. Abramoff "changed the direction of the committee and made it more activist and conservative than ever before," notes the CRNC. Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change "It is not our job to seek peaceful coexistence with the Left," Abramoff was quoted as saying in the group's 1983 annual report. "Our job is to remove them from power permanently. "[8]

Norquist served as executive director of the committee under Abramoff. He later recruited Ralph Reed, a former president of the University of Georgia College Republicans chapter, as an unpaid intern. Ralph Reed may refer to Ralph E Reed Jr, American political strategist Ralph Edwin Reed American baseball player better known as Ted Reed The University of Georgia ( UGA) is a public research University located in Athens, Georgia, the oldest and largest of the Reed, still a young student, was invited to sleep on Abramoff’s couch. According to Reed's book Active Faith, Reed also introduced Abramoff to his future wife, Pam Alexander.

Long-standing college political alliances

At the CRNC, Abramoff developed political alliances with College Republican chapter presidents across the nation, many who would later hold roles in state and national politics and business, and some who would later interact with Abramoff as a lobbyist. Some of those relationships are at the core of the current federal investigation.

At the CRNC, Abramoff, Norquist and Reed formed what was known as the "Abramoff-Norquist-Reed triumvirate. " After Abramoff's election, the trio purged "dissidents" and re-wrote the CRNC's bylaws to consolidate their control over the organization. According to Gang of Five (p. 142), Reed was the "hatchet man" and "carried out Abramoff-Norquist orders with ruthless efficiency, not bothering to hide his fingerprints. "

In 1983, the CRNC passed a resolution condemning "deliberate planted propaganda by the KGB and Soviet proxy forces" against the government of South Africa, at a time when that country's government was under worldwide criticism for the Apartheid regime. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa [9]

In 1984, Abramoff and other College Republicans formed the "USA Foundation", a non-partisan tax-exempt organization which held two days of rallies on college campuses around the United States celebrating the first anniversary of the invasion of Grenada. In Political science, nonpartisan denotes an Election, event or organization in which the participants declare or do not formally have a Political party The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an Invasion of the nation of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Sea 100 miles north In a letter to campus Republican leaders, Abramoff claimed:

"While the Student Liberation Day Coalition is nonpartisan and intended only for educational purposes, I don't need to tell you how important this project is to our efforts as [College Republicans]. I am confident that an impartial study of the contrasts between the Carter/Mondale failure in Iran and the Reagan victory in Grenada will be most enlightening to voters 12 days before the general election. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. "[10]

Citizens for America

In 1985, Abramoff joined Citizens for America, a pro-Reagan group that helped Oliver North build support for the Nicaraguan Contras. Citizens for America is a US conservative grass-roots group founded by drugstore magnate Lewis E Oliver Laurence North (born October 7 1943 in San Antonio Texas) is an American best known for his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America The Contras is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing Nicaragua 's FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberacion Nacional Sandinista Junta of National Citizens for America staged an unprecedented meeting of anti-Communist rebel leaders known as the Democratic International in Jamba, Angola. Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and The Democratic International, also known as the Jamboree in Jamba, was a 1985 meeting of anti-Communist militants held at the headquarters of UNITA in Jamba is a town in Angola, located in the southeastern province of Cuando Cubango, just north of the Namibian border along the Caprivi Strip This conference included leaders of the Mujahedeen from Afghanistan, UNITA from Angola, the Contras, and opposition groups from Laos. A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola ( União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola) is the second-largest Political party in Angola. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma Out of this largely ceremonial conference came the International Freedom Foundation. Abramoff helped to organize, and also attended the conference.

Abramoff's membership ended on a sour note when Citizens for America's sponsor Lewis Lehrman, a former New York gubernatorial candidate, concluded that Abramoff had spent his money carelessly. Lewis E "Lew" Lehrman (Born August 15, 1938 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) actively supports the ongoing study of American history New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

Reagan appointment

In 1986, Abramoff was appointed by President Reagan as a member of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is a national institution located adjacent to The National Mall in Washington D [11]

In Hollywood

Abramoff spent 10 years in Hollywood, and produced Red Scorpion, a low-budget action film with anti-communist themes, made in 1988 just after his term with the College Republicans ended. Red Scorpion is a 1989 film starring Dolph Lundgren. The film is noted for its association with future Lobbyist Jack Abramoff This movie was filmed in South-West Africa (now Namibia) and was funded in part by the apartheid regime in South Africa through the International Freedom Foundation, which Abramoff founded. South-West Africa (Afrikaans Suidwes-Afrika; German Südwestafrika) was the name of what is today the Republic of Namibia. Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast [12][13] In the early '90s Abramoff helped try to raise funds for a remake of the unreleased Jerry Lewis film The Day the Clown Cried, about a circus clown at Auschwitz. Jerry Lewis (born March 16, 1926) is an American Comedian, award-winning actor producer writer and director best-known for his slapstick The Day the Clown Cried is an unfinished and unreleased 1972 film directed by and starring Jerry Lewis. "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany [14]

On April 27, 1998, Abramoff wrote a letter to the editor of The Seattle Times rebutting an article critical of him. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Seattle Times, one of two daily Newspapers serving Seattle Washington, United States, is the largest daily newspaper in the state of He claimed, "The IFF was a conservative group which I headed. It was vigorously anti-Communist, but it was also actively anti-apartheid. . . . In 1987, it was one of the first conservative groups to call for the release of Nelson Mandela, a position for which it was roundly criticized by other conservatives at the time. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative While I headed the IFF, we accepted funding only from private individuals and corporations and would have absolutely rejected any offer of South African military funding, or any other kind of funding from any government — good or evil. Evil, in many cultures is used to describe acts or thoughts which are contrary to some particular religion "

It was during his travels in South Africa that Abramoff first met South African-born rabbi David Lapin, who became his religious advisor, and David's brother and fellow rabbi Daniel Lapin, who allegedly introduced Abramoff to Congressman Tom DeLay (R-TX) at a Washington, DC dinner shortly after the Republican takeover of Congress in 1994. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master David Lapin was born in South Africa to a Jewish family of Lithuanian descent. Daniel Lapin (born c 1950 is a political commentator and American Orthodox Rabbi living on Mercer Island Washington, and the founder of Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8 1947 is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Sugar Land, Texas. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The US House election 1994 was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 8 1994, in the middle of President [15] Lapin later claimed that he did not recall the introduction.

Lobbying

In December 1994, Abramoff was hired as a lobbyist at Preston Gates Ellis & Rouvelas Meeds LLP, the lobbying arm of Preston Gates & Ellis LLP, based in Seattle, Washington. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) See also Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Preston Gates Ellis Preston Gates & Ellis LLP, also known as Preston Gates, was a Law firm with offices in According to The Seattle Times, in 1995 following the Republican takeover of Congress, partner Emanuel Rouvelas determined that the firm "didn't have a conservative, Christian Coalition Republican with strong ties to the new Republican leadership. " For this reason the traditionally Democratic firm extended a job offer to Abramoff, who was described in a press release as having close ties to Newt Gingrich and Dick Armey. Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker Richard Keith "Dick" Armey (born July 7, 1940 in) is a former U

According to The Seattle Times, Abramoff used Gates to access a higher pedigree of clientele. [16]

In 1995, Abramoff began representing Indian tribes with gambling interests. He became involved with the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians. One of Abramoff's first acts as a tribal gaming lobbyist was to defeat a Congressional bill to tax Indian casinos, sponsored by Reps. Bill Archer (R-TX) and Ernest Istook (R-OK). William Reynolds “Bill” Archer Jr (born on March 2, 1928 in Houston Texas) is a former American lawyer and politician Ernest James Istook Jr (born February 11 1950, in Fort Worth Texas) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. According to Washington Business Forward, a lobbying trade magazine, "Tom DeLay was a major factor in those victories, and the fight helped cement the alliance between the two men. [17] DeLay has called Abramoff "one of his closest and dearest friends".

Saipan and Northern Mariana Islands

Main article: Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal

Abramoff and his law firm were paid at least $6. The Jack Abramoff CNMI scandal involves the efforts of Jack Abramoff, other lobbyists, and government officials to change or prevent or both Congressional action 7 million by the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) from 1995 to 2001, which may manufacture goods with the "Made in the USA" label but is not subject to U. The Northern Mariana Islands, officially the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI is a commonwealth in Political union with the United The Made in USA mark is a Country of origin label indicating the product is "all or virtually all" made in the U S. labor and minimum wage laws. Labour law (also known as employment or labor law is the body of Laws administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of and restrictions A minimum wage is the lowest hourly daily or monthly Wage that employers may legally pay to employees or workers After Abramoff paid for DeLay and his staffers to go on trips to the CNMI, they crafted policy that extended exemptions from federal immigration and labor laws to the islands' industries. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Labour law (also known as employment or labor law is the body of Laws administrative rulings and precedents which address the legal rights of and restrictions Abramoff also negotiated for a $1. 2 million no-bid contract from the Marianas for 'promoting ethics in government' to be awarded to David Lapin, brother of Daniel Lapin. No-bid contract is a popular term for what is officially known as a "sole source contract Abramoff also secretly funded a trip for James E. Clyburn (D-SC) and Bennie Thompson (D-MS). James Enos "Jim" Clyburn (born July 21, 1940) is an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. For the football player of the same name see Bennie Thompson (American football. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee In 1999 Congressman Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) went on an Abramoff-funded trip to the Marshall Islands with John Doolittle (R-CA), Ken Calvert (R-CA), delegates of Guam, American Samoa, Virgin Islands and 8 staffers. Dana Tyron Rohrabacher (born June 21 1947 in Coronado California) is a Californian politician who has been a Republican member of the United The following is a list of trips for politicians lobbyists and staffers funded by Jack Abramoff. This page is about the politician for the fictional animal doctor see Doctor Dolittle. Kenneth Stanton (Ken Calvert (born June 8 1953) an American politician has been a Republican member of the United States House of [18]

Documentation also indicates that Abramoff's lobbying team helped prepare Rep. Ralph Hall's (R-TX) statements on the House floor in which he attacked the credibility of escaped teenaged sex worker "Katrina," in an attempt to discredit her testimony regarding the state of the sex slave industry on the island. Ralph Moody Hall (born May 3, 1923) is a United States Representative from. Sexual slavery refers to the organised coercion of persons into various different sexual practices forced Prostitution single-owner sexual slavery [19] Ms. magazine also explored Abramoff's dealings in the CNMI and the plight of garment workers like Katrina in their spring 2006 article "Paradise Lost: Greed, Sex Slavery, Forced Abortions and Right-Wing Moralists."

Later lobbying efforts involved mailings from a Ralph Reed marketing company to Christian conservative voters and bribery of Roger Stillwell, a Department of the Interior official who in 2006 pleaded guilty to accepting gifts from Abramoff. Ms is an American feminist magazine co-founded by American feminist and activist Gloria Steinem and founding The Christian right is a term used predominantly in the United States to describe a spectrum of right-wing Christian political and social movements and Roger G Stillwell (born October 13, 1939) an American Lobbyist. The United States Department of the Interior ( DOI) is a Cabinet department of the United States government that manages and conserves most federally

Naftasib

Executives of Naftasib, a Russian energy company, funneled almost $3. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending 4 million to Abramoff and DeLay advisor Ed Buckham between 1997 and 2005. Edwin A Buckham is a former congressional staffer and lobbyist who presently is under investigation in various scandals surrounding high-profile lobbyist Jack Abramoff About $60,000 was spent on a trip to Russia in 1997 for Tom DeLay, Buckham, and Abramoff. The following is a list of trips for politicians lobbyists and staffers funded by Jack Abramoff. In 1998, $1 million was sent to Buckham via his organization U.S. Family Network to "influence DeLay's vote in 1998 on legislation that helped make it possible for the IMF to bail out the faltering Russian economy. US Family Network Inc (USFN was founded in 1996 by Ed Buckham, who also served as the organization's consultant " DeLay voted for the legislation. The money was funneled through the Dutch company Voor Huisen, the Bahamas company Chelsea Enterprises, and the London law firm James & Sarch Co. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. [20][21]

The executives involved, who met DeLay during the 1997 trip, were Marina Nevskaya and Alexander Koulakovsky. Nevskaya was also involved in Abramoff's support of an Israeli sniper school, as indicated by an email sent to Abramoff by an assistant to Marina Nevskaya detailing prices of thermal vision devices. [22]

eLottery, Inc.

Main article: Internet Gambling Prohibition Act

In 1999, eLottery hired Abramoff to block the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, which he did by enlisting Reed, Norquist, and Tom DeLay's former chief of staff, Tony Rudy. The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (IGPA was a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (IGPA was a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act (IGPA was a 1999 bill in the US Senate to ban Internet gambling Tony Charles Rudy (born May 3, 1966) an American Lobbyist and an associate of Jack Abramoff. [23]

Emails from 2000 show that Susan Ralston helped Abramoff pass checks from eLottery to Lou Sheldon's Traditional Values Coalition (TVC) and also to Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform (ATR), in route to Reed's company, Century Strategies. Susan Bonzon Ralston (born October 15 1967) is the President of SBR Enterprises LLC a government affairs public relations and business consulting firm in Rev Louis P "Lou" Sheldon (born 1934 in Washington DC The Traditional Values Coalition (aka TVC is a Christian Right organization that represents by its estimate over 43000 Christian churches throughout the Americans for Tax Reform is an Interest group seeking to reduce the overall level of Taxation in the United States, at the federal state and local level Ralph Eugene Reed Jr, (born June 24, 1961) is a conservative American political activist best known as the first executive director of [24][25]

Abramoff joins Greenberg Traurig

Main article: Team Abramoff

On January 8, 2001, Abramoff left Preston Gates to join the Government Relations division of the law firm of Greenberg Traurig, which once described him as "directly involved in the Republican party and conservative movement leadership structures" and "one of the leading fund raisers for the party and its congressional candidates. "Team Abramoff" is the team of lobbyists assembled by Jack Abramoff when he worked at Greenberg Traurig, primarily of former aides to prominent Congressional Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. " With the move to Greenberg Traurig, Abramoff took as much as $6 million dollars worth of client "work" from his old firm, including the Marianas Islands account. At Greenberg Traurig, Abramoff recruited a team of lobbyists known familiarly as "Team Abramoff". The team included many of his former employees from Preston Gates and former senior staffers of members of Congress.

Tribal lobbying

Main article: Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal
Abramoff's Tribal Clients
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians

Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma

Chitimacha Tribe of Louisiana

Coushatta Tribe of Louisiana

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians

Pueblo of Sandia

Pueblo of Santa Clara

Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe

Tigua Indian Reservation

Around the time he joined Greenberg Traurig, Abramoff's choice of lobbying clients changed to focus much more on Native American tribes. The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, The Cahuilla are a tribe of Native Americans that have inhabited the U The Cherokee (ᎠᏂᏴᏫᏯ a-ni-yv-wi-ya, in the Cherokee language) are a people native to North America, who at the time of European contact The Chitimacha (also Chitimachan, Chetimacha) are a Native American group that lives in the U The Coushatta (also Koasati) are a Native American people living primarily in the U See also Choctaw The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians is a Native American tribe composed of Choctaws. Sandia Pueblo (sænˈdiːə is a tribe of Native American Pueblo people inhabiting a 101 Santa Clara Pueblo ( Tewa: Ka'po) is a Census-designated place (CDP in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation is a band of Chippewa Indians (or Ojibwe located in central Michigan in the United States. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States While Abramoff was a registered lobbyist for 51 clients while working at Preston Gates, with only 4 being tribes, Abramoff would eventually represent 24 clients for whom he was registered lobbyist at Greenberg Traurig, of which seven were tribes.

Tyco Inc.

Former White House Deputy Counsel Timothy Flanigan left his job in December 2002 to work as General Counsel for Corporate and International Law at Tyco International. Timothy Elliott Flanigan (b May 16, 1953 in Fort Belvoir Virginia) is an American lawyer and politician December 2002: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - Tyco International Ltd is a highly diversified global manufacturing company incorporated in Bermuda, with United States operational headquarters in Princeton New He immediately hired Abramoff to lobby Congress and the White House on matters relating to Tyco's Bermuda tax-exempt status. Ba (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. A tax exemption is an exemption from all or certain Taxes of a state or nation in which part of the taxes that would normally be collected from an individual or an organization [26] Flanigan stated to the Senate Judiciary Committee that Abramoff bragged that he could help Tyco avoid tax liability aimed at offshore companies because he "had good relationships with members of Congress. The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary (informally Senate Judiciary Committee) is a Standing committee of the United States Senate, the An offshore company is a company which does not conduct substantial business in its country of incorporation. "[27]

Tyco Inc. claimed in August 2005 that Abramoff had been paid $1. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources WikipediaNews collections and sources. 7 million for 'astroturfing', or the creation of a fake "grassroots" campaign to oppose proposals to penalize US corporations registered abroad for tax reasons. Astroturfing in American English is a Neologism for formal Public relations campaigns in Politics and Advertising which seek to create the impression For other meanings see Grass roots (disambiguation. A grassroots movement (often referenced in the context of a Political movement The work allegedly was never performed, and most of the fee Tyco paid Abramoff to lobby against the legislation was "diverted to entities controlled by Mr. Abramoff". [27]

Government of Malaysia

Abramoff's team also represented the government of Malaysia, and worked toward improving Malaysian relations with the United States, particularly with trade relations. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and [28]

Government of Sudan

According to the Los Angeles Times, Abramoff also met with the government of Sudan, offering a plan to deflect criticism from American Christian groups over the regime's alleged role in the Darfur conflict. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth The War in Darfur is a military conflict in the Darfur region of western Sudan. Abramoff promised to enlist Reed to assist, as well as starting a grassroots campaign to improve the image of Sudan in America. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. [29]

Channel One News

Abramoff has been a lobbyist for the school TV news service Channel One News. This article is about the US in-school Television news program From 1999 to 2003, Channel One retained him to ensure Congress did not block funds to their service. Not only did Channel One face frequent campaigns by political groups to persuade Congress to limit its presence in schools, but it also derived much of its advertising revenue from U. S. government sources, including the Office of National Drug Control Policy and military recruitment. The White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP, a Cabinet level component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, was established in 1988 Since Abramoff and Channel One parted ways, Channel One's advertising revenues have dropped substantially, but a cause-and-effect relationship would be difficult to establish. [30]

Telecommunications firm

On October 18, 2005, The Washington Post reported that Bob Ney, as chair of the House Administration Committee, approved a 2002 license for an Israeli telecommunications company to install antennas for the House. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The company, then Foxcom Wireless, an Israeli start-up telecommunications firm, (which has since moved headquarters from Jerusalem to Vienna, Virginia, and been renamed MobileAccess Networks) later paid Abramoff $280,000 for lobbying. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Vienna is a town in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. The population was 14453 at the 2000 census and it has grown by about 3% since It also donated $50,000 to the Capitol Athletic Foundation charity that Abramoff sometimes used to secretly pay for some of his lobbying activities. [31] In Abramoff's plea agreement, Abramoff pleaded only to misrepresentation; in Michael Scanlon's plea agreement, the above was described as public corruption. Michael Scanlon is a former communications director for Rep Tom DeLay, Lobbyist, and Public relations executive who has plead guilty to corruption charges [32]

Access to the Bush Administration

Jack Abramoff was a member of the Bush Administration's 2001 Transition Advisory Team assigned to the Department of the Interior. [33] Abramoff befriended the incoming Deputy Secretary of the Interior, J. Steven Griles. James Steven "Steve" Griles (born December 13, 1947) was a Coal lobbyist and the Deputy Secretary for the U

The draft report of the House Government Reform Committee said the documents — largely Abramoff's billing records and e-mails — listed 485 lobbying contacts with White House officials over three years, including 10 with top Bush aide Karl Rove. Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) was Deputy Chief of Staff to President George W The report said that of the 485 contacts listed, 345 were described as meetings or other in-person contacts; 71 were described as phone conversations and 69 were e-mail exchanges. [34]

In the first 10 months of 2001, the Abramoff lobbying team logged almost 200 contacts with the Bush Administration. [33] He may have used these senior level contacts to assist in his lobbying for Indian tribes concerning tribal gaming. The Department of the Interior has Federal regulatory authority over tribal affairs such as tribal recognition and gaming. From 2000 to 2003, six Indian tribes paid Abramoff over $80 million in lobbying fees. [4]

The Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs has authority over policy and grants to US territories such as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). [35] This may have assisted him in lobbying for textile interests in the islands. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. U. S. Senator Conrad Burns (R-MT) and DeLay also heavily lobbied the CNMI for opposing the minimum wage. Conrad Ray Burns (born January 25, 1935) is a former United States Senator from Montana. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern [36][37]

According to an article published in the New York Times on November 10, 2005, Abramoff asked for $9 million in 2003 from the president of the African nation of Gabon, Omar Bongo, to arrange a meeting with President Bush and directed his fees to an Abramoff-controlled lobbying firm, GrassRoots Interactive. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gabon (gəˈbɒn or /gaˈbõ/ in French) is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Republic El Hadj Omar Bongo Ondimba (born Albert-Bernard Bongo on 30 December 1935) became President of Gabon in 1967 GrassRoots Interactive (GRI now defunct was a small Silver Spring Maryland Lobbying firm controlled by Jack Abramoff. [38] Bongo did meet with President Bush in the Oval Office on May 26, 2004. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [38] There has been no evidence in the public record that Abramoff had any role in organizing the meeting or that he received any money or had a signed contract with Gabon. [38]

White House and State Department officials described Bush's meeting with Bongo, whose government is regularly accused by the United States of human rights abuses, as routine. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled [38] The officials said they knew of no involvement by Abramoff in the arrangements. Officials at Gabon's embassy in Washington did not respond to written questions. [38]

Susan Ralston, Special Assistant to the President and Assistant to the Senior Advisor Karl Rove since 2001, previously worked as an administrative assistant for both Abramoff and Reed. Susan Bonzon Ralston (born October 15 1967) is the President of SBR Enterprises LLC a government affairs public relations and business consulting firm in [4][39]

According to former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, Abramoff was paid $1. Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad (ma'ħɑðiɽ bin mʊħɑmmæd̚ (recorded as born on 20 December 1925 was the fourth Prime Minister of 2 million to arrange a meeting between Mahathir and Bush, allegedly at the direction of the Heritage Foundation. The Heritage Foundation is an American conservative Think tank. Mahathir insisted that someone unknown to him had paid for the meeting. [40]

On May 9, 2001, Chief Raul Garza of the Kickapoo tribe of Texas met with Bush, with Abramoff and Norquist in attendance. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Kickapoos ( Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are one of the Algonquian speaking Native American Tribes Abramoff was identified in the background of a photo taken at the meeting. [41] Days before the meeting, the tribe paid $25,000 to Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform at Abramoff's direction. According to the organization's communications director, John Kartch, the meeting was one of several gatherings with Bush sponsored by ATR. On the same day, the chief of the Louisiana Coushattas also attended an ATR-sponsored gathering with Bush. The Coushattas also gave $25,000 to ATR soon before the event.

The details of the Kickapoo meeting and a letter dated May 10, 2001 from ATR thanking the Kickapoos for their contribution were revealed to the New York Times in 2006 by former council elder Isidro Garza, who with Raul Garza (no relation), is under indictment in Texas for embezzling tribal money. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. According to Isidro Garza, Abramoff did not say the donation was required to meet the President; the White House denied any knowledge of the transaction. [42]

Other photos have surfaced of Abramoff and Bush meeting at the White House and Oval Office on either December 22 or 23, 2002. | |-| |-| |- | |-| |-| |-| |-| |} The Oval Office is the official office of the President of the United States. The photos were found on a site that published many pictures of governmental events, ReflectionsOrders. com. The owner of the site removed the photos almost immediately when the presence of Abramoff and Bush together was discovered. Some Internet users located the photos and preserved copies of some of them. [43] The owner of the site gave thousands of dollars to the Bush campaign and Republican National Committee, according to public FEC contribution records. The Republican National Committee (RNC provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. [44]

An NPR news report from March 2006 stated that: ". Stories without links will be removed. News stories must be in English . . Abramoff recently granted a rare press interview to Vanity Fair magazine, where he asserts President Bush and other prominent figures in Washington know him very well. Vanity Fair is an American magazine of Culture, Fashion, and Politics published by Condé Nast Publications. He called them liars for denying contact with him". [45]

Possible foreknowledge of the Iraq War

Jack Abramoff has indicated that he knew that the US would invade Iraq before the American public did. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. On March 18, 2002, Abramoff told a friend, that "I was sitting with Karl Rove, Bush's top advisor, at the NCAA basketball game, discussing Israel when [your] email came in. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations I showed it to him. It seems that the President was very sad to have to come out negatively regarding Israel but that they needed to mollify the Arabs for the upcoming war on Iraq. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign That did not seem to work anyway. Bush seems to love Sharon and Israel, and thinks Arafat [sic] is nothing but a liar. (אריאל Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 I thought I'd pass that on. "[46] This was written before the Downing Street memo, the Bush-Blair memo, and Niger uranium documents forgery were written. The " Downing Street memo " (occasionally DSM, or the " Downing Street Minutes " sometimes described by critics of the Iraq War as the The Bush-Blair 2003 Iraq memo was a secret memo of a meeting between American President George W The Niger uranium forgeries refers to falsified classified documents initially revealed by Italian intelligence. This was also before the Office of Special Plans and the White House Iraq Group were created, and before Congress authorized Bush the authority to invade Iraq with the Joint Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq. The Office of Special Plans (OSP which existed from September 2002 to June 2003 was a Pentagon unit created by Paul Wolfowitz and Douglas Feith, and The White House Iraq Group (aka White House Information Group or WHIG) was the Marketing arm of the White House whose purpose was to sell the " Iraq Resolution " and " Iraq War Resolution " are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002

Signatures, skyboxes, and Scotland

Signatures restaurant, in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D.C., once owned by Jack Abramoff, is under new ownership and will be renamed.
Signatures restaurant, in the Penn Quarter neighborhood of Washington, D. Penn Quarter is a neighborhood in the East End of downtown Washington D C. , once owned by Jack Abramoff, is under new ownership and will be renamed.

Abramoff maintained four skyboxes at major sports arenas for political entertaining at a cost of over $1 million a year. Abramoff hosted many fundraisers at these skyboxes including events for politicians publicly opposed to gambling, such as John Doolittle. This page is about the politician for the fictional animal doctor see Doctor Dolittle. [47]

DeLay, Ney and Florida Republican Representative Tom Feeney have each gone on golf trips to Scotland that were apparently arranged or funded by Abramoff. Thomas Charles "Tom" Feeney III usually known as Tom Feeney (born May 21 1958) is a Republican politician from the state of Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. These trips took place in 2000, 2002, and 2003. Ney and Feeney each claimed that their trips were paid for by the National Center for Public Policy Research, but the group denied this. The National Center for Public Policy Research, founded in 1982, is a self-described conservative Think tank in the United States. Spokespeople for Ney and Feeney blamed others for filing errors. Ney later pleaded guilty to knowing that Abramoff had paid for the trip.

A former top procurement official in the Bush administration, David H. Safavian, has been convicted of lying and obstruction of justice in connection with the Abramoff investigation. David Hossein Safavian (born August 4, 1967) is a former chief of staff of the United States General Services Administration (GSA and a figure in The crime of obstruction of justice includes crimes committed by Judges Prosecutors attorneys general, and elected officials in general Safavian, who traveled to Scotland with Reed and Ney on a golf outing arranged by Abramoff, was accused of concealing from federal investigators that Abramoff was seeking to do business with the General Services Administration at the time of the golf trip — in particular, seeking help finding property for his private religious school Eshkol Academy and for one of his tribal clients. The General Services Administration ( GSA) is an Independent agency of the United States government, established in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning Safavian was then GSA chief of staff. [48]

Overview of criminal and political investigations

People convicted in Abramoff probe (as of June 9, 2007)

Lawmakers, lobbyists, Bush administration officials, congressional staffers and businessmen caught up in the Jack Abramoff public corruption probe:[49]

Indian tribes grand jury investigations

Main article: Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal

Abramoff and his partner Michael Scanlon (a former Tom DeLay aide) conspired to bill Indian casino gambling interests out of an estimated $85 million in fees. The Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal is a United States political scandal relating to the work performed by political lobbyists Jack Abramoff, Michael Scanlon is a former communications director for Rep Tom DeLay, Lobbyist, and Public relations executive who has plead guilty to corruption charges Indian Gaming enterprises comprise Gambling businesses operated on Indian reservations or tribal land which have limited Sovereignty and therefore the ability The lobbyists also orchestrated lobbying against their own clients in order to force them to pay for lobbying services. These practices were the subject both of long-running criminal prosecution and hearings by the Senate Indian Affairs Committee. The United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is responsible for dealing with matters related to the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska

On November 21, 2005 Scanlon pled guilty to conspiring to bribe a member of Congress and other public officials. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

On January 3, 2006, Abramoff pled guilty to three felony counts, conspiracy, fraud, and tax evasion, involving charges stemming principally from his lobbying activities in Washington on behalf of Native American tribes. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In addition, Abramoff and other defendants must make restitution of at least $25 million that was defrauded from clients, primarily the Native American tribes. Further, Abramoff owes the Internal Revenue Service $1. The 7 million as a result of his guilty plea to the tax evasion charge. In the agreement, Abramoff admits to bribing public officials, including Ney. [50] Also included: the hiring of congressional staffers and conspiring with them to lobby their former employers—including members of Congress—in violation of a one-year federal ban on such lobbying. [51]

Later in 2006 Abramoff lobbyists Neil Volz and Tony Rudy pled guilty to conspiracy charges; in September 2006 Ney himself pled guilty to conspiracy and making false statements. September 2006 was marked by a controversy surrounding statements made by Pope Benedict XVI regarding Islam, during the same week as the fifth anniversary

Protection of Alabama Gov. Bob Riley by John McCain

As chair of the Indian Affairs Committee, Senator John McCain had access to an email detailing what Abramoff wanted Alabama Governor Bob Riley to do in return for campaign contributions from Abramoff's tribal clients. The United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs is responsible for dealing with matters related to the American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Robert Renfroe "Bob" Riley (born October 3 1944 is an American Politician in the Republican Party. McCain, however, withheld the email from his report on the Abramoff scandals.

SunCruz Casinos fraud conviction

Main article: SunCruz Casinos

On August 11, 2005, Abramoff and Kidan were indicted by a federal grand jury in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on fraud charges arising from a 2000 deal to buy SunCruz Casinos from Konstantinos "Gus" Boulis. SunCruz Casinos is one of many cruise lines that offer "cruises to nowhere" legally transporting passengers into International waters beyond the reach Konstantinos "Gus" Boulis ( 1949 - February 6 2001) was a land-developer casino operator and restaurant owner of Greek descent who was murdered Abramoff and Kidan are accused of using a fake wire transfer to make lenders believe that they had made a $23 million down payment, in order to qualify for a $60 million loan. Wire transfer is a method of transferring money from one entity to another A loan is a type of Debt. This article focuses exclusively on monetary loans although in practice any material object might be lent [52] Kidan received the same sentence as Abramoff — 5 years, 10 months — which he began serving at Fort Dix Federal Penetentiary, in Fort Dix, New Jersey, on October 23, 2006. Fort Dix is a United States Army installation located in parts of New Hanover Township, Pemberton Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ney also was implicated in helping to consummate the deal.

After the partners purchased SunCruz in September 2000, the business relationship with Boulis deteriorated, culminating in a fistfight between Kidan and Boulis in December 2000. September 2000: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - December 2000: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - In February 2001 Boulis was murdered in his car in a Mafia-style attack. February 2001: January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries The Mafia (also known as Cosa Nostra) is a Sicilian Criminal Secret society which is believed to have first developed in the mid-19th century

The murder investigation, which presently includes three mobsters who had received payments from Kidan, is ongoing. Two of the suspects face the death penalty. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. SunCruz is now owned and operated by Oceans Casinos Cruises.

On March 29, 2006, Abramoff and Kidan were both sentenced in the SunCruz case to the minimum amount, 70 months, and to pay US$21. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 7 million in restitution. According to the "memorandum in aid of sentencing", the sentencing judge, U. S. District Judge Paul C. Huck, received over 260 pleas for leniency from various people, including "rabbis, military officers and even a professional hockey referee. Paul C Huck (born 1940 is an American lawyer and Judge. He currently serves on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. "[53] The defendants are still cooperating with federal investigators and will be sentenced later in the Indian lobbying case.

On November 15, 2006, Abramoff began serving his term in the minimum-security prison camp of Federal Correctional Institution, Cumberland as inmate number 27593-112. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Federal Correctional Institution Cumberland in Cumberland, Maryland is a federal Prison that houses medium security male offenders The Justice Department requested that he serve his sentence there so as to be accessible to agents in Washington for cooperation as the investigation related to his associates intensifies. For animal rights group see Justice Department (JD The United States Department of Justice ( DOJ) is a Cabinet department [54]

Guam grand jury investigation

Main article: Jack Abramoff Guam investigation

In 2002 Abramoff was retained under a secret contract by the Guam Superior Court to lobby against a bill proposing to put the Superior Court under the authority of the Guam Supreme Court. The Jack Abramoff Guam investigation involves an alleged plot by lobbyist Jack Abramoff and others to control the functions of the courts in Guam. Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated This article discusses the state supreme courts in the United States On November 18, 2002 a grand jury issued a subpoena demanding that the administrator of the Guam Superior Court release all records relating to the contract. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. In the Common law, a grand jury is a type of Jury which determines whether there is enough evidence for a trial. A subpoena (səˈpiːnə is commonly defined as a written command to a person to Testify before a Court or be punished On November 19, 2002 U.S. Attorney Frederick A. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. United States Attorneys (also known as federal prosecutors) represent the United States federal government in United States district court and Black, the chief prosecutor for Guam and the instigator of the indictment, was unexpectedly demoted and removed from the office he had held since 1991. The federal grand jury investigation was quickly wound down and took no further action. In 2005 Public Auditor Doris Flores Brooks initiated a new investigation of the Abramoff contract which is continuing.

In 2006 California attorney and Marshall Island lobbyist Howard Hills, an Abramoff crony and Tony Sanchez, a former administrator of the Guam Superior Court were indicted for unlawful influence, conspiracy for unlawful influence, theft of property held in trust, and official misconduct for allegedly authorizing thirty-six payments of $9,000 each written out to Hills, but funneled to Abramoff. In 2007 superseding indictments were issued against Hills and Sanchez, and in 2008 further related indictments were handed down against Abramoff and Abramoff's firm at the time, Greenberg Taurig. The charges against the Abramoff firm have since been dismissed.

Abramoff organizations

Main article: List of Jack Abramoff-related organizations

Abramoff has founded or run several non-profit organizations, including Capital Athletic Foundation and Eshkol Academy; as well as lobbying firms and political think tanks such as American International Center, GrassRoots Interactive, and the National Center for Public Policy Research. Jack Abramoff 's career brought him into contact with numerous organizations including lobbying firms restaurants Think tanks and charitable organizations The American International Center LLC was a front organization established in 2001 by Michael Scanlon as part of his conspiracy with Jack Abramoff to receive While these organizations had varying degrees of legitimate activities, it has come to light that Abramoff used these organizations to channel millions of dollars to recipients not related to the organizations.

Capital Athletic Foundation and Eshkol Academy

Main articles: Capital Athletic Foundation, Eshkol Academy

Although Federal tax records show that various Indian tribes donated more than $6 million to the Capital Athletic Foundation, less than 1% of the money went to athletic programs, the stated purpose of the foundation. The Capital Athletic Foundation is a 501(c(3 charity organization founded in 2000 Eshkol Academy was an all-boys Orthodox Jewish day school in Maryland that existed from fall 2002 to 2004. The majority of the funds went to the Eshkol Academy in Maryland, an Orthodox Jewish school founded by Abramoff in 2002. Hundreds of thousands of dollars from CAF were also spent on golf trips to Scotland for Abramoff, Ney, Reed, and Safavian, as well as purchases of camping and outdoors equipment sent to a high school friend. Abramoff solicited Safavian's help in looking for property deals for Eshkol Academy and tribal clients, leading to Safavian's conviction. [55][56]

GrassRoots Interactive and Kay Gold

Main article: GrassRoots Interactive

GrassRoots Interactive, now defunct, was a small Silver Spring, Maryland, lobbying firm controlled by Abramoff. GrassRoots Interactive (GRI now defunct was a small Silver Spring Maryland Lobbying firm controlled by Jack Abramoff. Silver Spring is an urbanized Unincorporated area in Montgomery County Maryland, USA Millions of dollars flowed into GrassRoots Interactive in 2003, the year it was created, and then flowed out again to unusual places. At least $2. 3 million went to a California consulting firm that used the same address as the law office of Abramoff's brother, Robert. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. A separate check for $400,000, from GrassRoots, was made out to Kay Gold LLC, another Abramoff family company. [57]

See also

Footnotes

Some of this article was originally derived from material at SourceWatch ([3]), available under the GNU Free Documentation License. Norman Yung Yuen Hsu (pronounced "soo" (Chinese 徐詠芫 born October 1951 is a convicted pyramid investment promoter who associated himself with the Apparel 1980s 1981 - Elected Chairman of the College Republican National Committee in a campaign managed by Grover Norquist, the executive director of the The following is a list of trips for politicians lobbyists and staffers funded by Jack Abramoff. SourceWatch (formerly Disinfopedia) is an internet site which is a "collaborative project" of the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD The GNU Free Documentation License ( GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a Copyleft License for free documentation designed by the Free Software

Cited notes and references
  1. ^ House Sets Limits on Palestinian Aid As DeLay Defies Calls of Bush, Rice, Ori Nir, The Forward. March 18, 2005
  2. ^ Abramoff Pleads Guilty, Will Help in Corruption Probe, Bloomberg News Service, January 3, 2006. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ "Abramoff Pleads Guilty, Will Help in Corruption Probe", CBS News, January 4, 2006. CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  4. ^ a b c Schmidt, Susan and Grimaldi, James V. . "The Fast Rise and Steep Fall of Jack Abramoff", Washington Post, 2005-12-29, p. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II  A01. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  5. ^ Via Associated Press. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio "As Congress sweats, Abramoff will tell all: The lobbyist's plea paves the way for him to name names in a scandal that may snare several lawmakers.", St. Petersburg Times, January 4, 2006. The St Petersburg Times is a daily Newspaper based in St Petersburg Florida, that serves the larger Tampa Bay area Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed December 2, 2007. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "EDUCATION: Beverly Hills High School, Brandeis graduate, Georgetown University law degree. "
  6. ^ Morris, Rachel. "Bad for the Jews, Worse for the Christians", Washington Monthly, April, 2006. The Washington Monthly is a monthly Magazine of United States Politics and Government that is based in Washington D Retrieved on 2007-06-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.  
  7. ^ [1]
  8. ^ Chait, Jonathan. "Big on money, short on memory (commentary)", Los Angeles Times, December 18, 2005.  
  9. ^ "Part III: DeLay's Godfather", AlterNet, May 14, 2002.  
  10. ^ Kurtz, Howard and Babcock, Charles R. . "Two 'Nonpolitical' Foundations Push Grenada Rallies", The Washington Post, October 4, 1984.  
  11. ^ Appointment of Eight Members of the United States Holocaust Memorial Council, and Designation of the Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, and Executive Director. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library (May 3, 1986). Retrieved on May 31, 2006.
  12. ^ Carlson, Peter. "Bitten by the Red Scorpion", The Standard (Hong Kong), November 30, 2005.  
  13. ^ Council for National Policy (CNP) -A- Member Biographies. Retrieved on May 27, 2006.
  14. ^ "The Clown, Still Crying," Looker, June 6, 2006
  15. ^ Anderson, Rick. "Meet the Lapin Brothers", Seattle Weekly, May 11, 2005.  
  16. ^ Postman, David and Bernton, Hal. "How scheming lobbyist operated in Seattle firm", The Seattle Times, 2006-02-07. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  17. ^ Bresnahan, John. "Jack Doubles Down", Government, Inc. , Washington Business Forward, November/December 2002. Retrieved on 2006-08-15. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed  
  18. ^ "Travel Record from House Committee on Resources", Talking Points Memo.  
  19. ^ Paul Kiel. "For Abramoff, Lawmaker Slandered Teen Sex Slave", TPM Muckraker, September 25, 2006.  
  20. ^ Marshall, John (2006-02-24). Joshua Micah Marshall (born February 15, 1969 in St Louis Missouri) is an American Polk Award -winning journalist who founded Talking Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the $3,617,238.. Talking Points Memo. Talking Points Memo (or TPM) is a liberal web-based Political journalism organization created and run by Josh Marshall. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  21. ^ R. Jeffrey Smith, James V. Grimaldi (staff writers). "A 3rd DeLay Trip Under Scrutiny", The Washington Post, April 6, 2005.  
  22. ^ Michael Crowley. "You've Got Mail - A Tour of Jack Abramoff's Email Account.", The New Republic, June 23, 2005.  
  23. ^ Elottery, Inc.. SourceWatch. Retrieved on May 31, 2006.
  24. ^ Century Strategies. SourceWatch. Retrieved on May 31, 2006.
  25. ^ Schmidt, Susan and Grimaldi, James V. . "How a Lobbyist Stacked the Deck", Washington Post, October 16 2005, pp.  3.  
  26. ^ Lichtblau, Eric. "Democrats Press Justice Dept. Nominee Anew", New York Times, 2005-09-24, p. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.  A16. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli   (preview only)
  27. ^ a b Smith, R. Jeffrey. "Tyco Exec: Abramoff Claimed Ties to Administration", Washington Post, 2005-09-23, p. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English  A06. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  28. ^ Edsall, Thomas B. . "Think Tank's Ideas Shifted as Malaysia Ties Grew", The Washington Post, April 17, 2005.  
  29. ^ Hamburger, Tom and Silverstein, Ken. "Abramoff Offered to Aid Sudan, Envoy Says", Los Angeles Times, 2006-04-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  30. ^ Teinowitz, Ira (2006-01-10). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Primedia Employed Lobbyist Abramoff for Channel One. Commercial Alert. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  31. ^ "Lawmaker's Abramoff Ties Investigated", Washington Post, 2005-10-18, p. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid  A01. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  32. ^ Ex-DeLay Aide In Corruption Plea. The Smoking Gun (2005-11-21). The Smoking Gun is a Website that posts legal documents arrest records and police Mugshots on a daily basis Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  33. ^ a b "Controversial lobbyist had close contact with Bush team", Associated Press, 2005-05-06. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  34. ^ [2]
  35. ^ Northern Mariana Islands. The World Factbook (2006-08-08). The World Factbook ( ISSN; also known as the CIA World Factbook) is an annual publication of the Central Intelligence Agency of the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  36. ^ Ross, Brian. "DeLay's Lavish Island Getaway", ABC News, 2005-04-06. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  37. ^ Abramoff: The House That Jack Built. Think Progress. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  38. ^ a b c d e Shenon, Philip. "Lobbyist Sought $9 Million to Set Bush Meeting", New York Times, 2005-11-10. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  39. ^ Dickinson, Tom. "Connecting the Dots: Abramoff and Rove", Rolling Stone, 2006-01-09. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  40. ^ "Fmr Malaysian PM: Abramoff Was Paid to Arrange Bush Meeting", Associated Press, 2006-02-21. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  41. ^ Philip Shenon and Lowell Bergman. Lowell Bergman (born July 24, 1945, in New York City He is an investigative reporter with The New York Times and a producer/correspondent "Photograph Shows Lobbyist at Bush Meeting With Legislators", New York Times, February 2, 2006.  
  42. ^ Philip Shenon. "$25,000 to Lobby Group Is Tied to Access to Bush", New York Times, March 10, 2006.  
  43. ^ Wind-Breaking News!. Thedoubles. com. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  44. ^ Photograph Company President that "scrubbed" Abramoff photo with Bush gave to Bush. The Daily Delay (2006-01-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  45. ^ NPR: Lobbyist Abramoff Says GOP Elite Know Him Well
  46. ^ "Lobbyists: Sports Tickets and Springsteen—The E-Mail Trail"
  47. ^ Bookman, Jay. "The lies of lobbygate", Rutland Herald, 2005-06-28. The Rutland Herald is the second largest daily newspaper in the U Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  48. ^ Schmidt, Susan and Grimaldi, James V. . "Lawmakers Under Scrutiny in Probe of Lobbyist", Washington Post, 2005-11-26, p. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus"  A01. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  49. ^ Abramoff related convictions (2006-06-09). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Retrieved on 2006-06-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits
  50. ^ Torry, Jack and Riskind, Jonathan. "Lobbyist admits he gave Ney bribes", The Columbus Dispatch, 2006-01-04. The Columbus Dispatch is a daily Newspaper, based in Columbus Ohio, that serves the central portion of the state Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  51. ^ Abramoff complaint (PDF) (2006-01-03). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  52. ^ Staley, Krista-Ann (2005-08-19). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Abramoff will plead not guilty to fraud charges, lawyer says. JURIST. JURIST is an online legal news service hosted by the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, written by founder Professor Bernard Hibbitts and a staff of more than Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli
  53. ^ Abramoff gets 5 years, 10 months in fraud case (HTML) (2006-03-29). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Retrieved on 2006-09-04. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself
  54. ^ Jack Abramoff Reports to Md. Prison, AP
  55. ^ Hearn, Josephine. "Indian Affairs panel hears 'tale of betrayal'", The Hill, 2005-06-23. The Hill is a Newspaper published in Washington DC It is written for and about the U Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  56. ^ Isikoff, Michael. Michael Isikoff (b Syosset New York, 1952 is an Investigative journalist for the United States -based magazine Newsweek. "Fund-Raising: Take It to the (West) Bank", Newsweek, 2006-05-02. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  57. ^ Shenon, Philip. "Lobbyist Sought $9 Million to Set Bush Meeting", New York Times, 2005-11-10. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Retrieved on 2006-08-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  

Uncited references

External links

Research/media

Photograph

Opinion/blogs


Persondata
NAME Abramoff, Jack
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Republican lobbyist
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1959
PLACE OF BIRTH Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Lobbying includes all attempts to influence Legislators and officials whether by other legislators constituents or organized groups Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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