Jaén
Jaén Cathedral
Flag Coat of Arms
Location
Coordinates : 37°46′N, 3°47′0 Time zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer : CEST (GMT +2)
General information
Native name	Jaén (Spanish)
Spanish name	Jaén
Postal code	23001 - 23009
Area code	+34 (Spain) + 953 XX XX XX (Jaén)
Administration
Country	Spain
Autonomous Community	Andalusia
Province	Jaén
Comarca	Área metropolitana de Jaén
Mayor	Carmen Purificación Peñalver Pérez (PSOE)
Geography
Land Area	422 km²
Altitude	573 m AMSL
Population
Population	117,540 (2005)
Density	274 hab. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The term administration, as used in the context of Government, differs according to Jurisdiction. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area In addition to its autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty Provinces. Jaén is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. A comarca (meaning Shire or County, Spanish and Portuguese plural comarcas, Catalan plural A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials PSOE ( P artido S ocialista O brero E spañol is Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different /km² (2005)

Jaén (Arabic: جيان : Jayyān‎) is a city in south-central Spain, the name is probably derived from the Arabic word Jayyan, (crossroads of caravans). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of the province of Jaén. In addition to its autonomous communities, Spain is divided into fifty Provinces. Jaén is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is located in the autonomous community of Andalusia. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area The inhabitants of the city are known as Jiennenses. Its population is 117,540 (2006), about 1/6 of the population of the province. In the last years Jaén has had a great increase of cultural tourism. Jaén is also known as the World Capital of Olive Oil, because it's the biggest producer of this liquid gold (as the locals refer to it). Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees The urbanism of Jaén is determined by its adjustment to the hills of the Santa Catalina mountains, with steep, narrow streets, in the historical central city district. The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, tanneries, distilleries, cookies factories and textile factories.

Motto

The Motto of the city is: (Spanish) "Muy Noble y muy Leal Ciudad de Jaén, Guarda y Defiende los Reinos de Castilla", (English) "Very Noble and very Loyal City of Jaen, Guard and Defense of the Kingdoms of Castile". A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States This title was given by the king Henry II of Castile to the city of Jaen, due to the privileges that the city had, and to the role that the city was playing in the defense of the kingdom of Castile against the Moors. Henry II ( January 13, 1334 Sevilla - May 29, 1379 Santo Domingo de la Calzada) better known as Henry of Trastámara Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula.

Culture

Monuments

Jaén Cathedral, one of the most important Renaissance style cathedrals, begun in 1570 and completed in 1802. The Assumption of the Virgin Cathedral is a Renaissance cathedral located in Santa María Square in Jaén, Spain, opposite the Town Hall and the Episcopal Palace The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral It is dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin, and it was built to shelter the relic of The Holy Face, or Veil of Veronica, lodged at the major chapel and that is exposed to the public every Friday. This article is about the theological concept For the works of art with this title see Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Art and Roman Catholic Marian art. A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial The Holy Face of Jesus is a title for specific images which some Catholics believe to have been miraculously formed representations of the face of Jesus Christ. The Veil of Veronica, or Sudarium (Latin for sweat-cloth often called simply "The Veronica" and known in Italian as the Volto Santo or Holy Face Due to the extension in the time of it construction, they can be appreciated different artistic styles, being the most prominent Renaissance, being Andrés de Vandelvira the most important architect. He constitutes the maximum exponent of the Andalusian renaissance. It aspires to be listed as World Heritage Site by the UNESCO. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16

Saint Catalina's castle.

Saint Catalina's Castle can be seen from any point of the city. Previously there existed a fortress of Arabic origin (Abrehui's castle), of which some remains still exist. The current construction is of Christian origin, raised after the conquest of the city by Ferdinand III of Castile,called the Saint, in 1246. Saint Ferdinand III (July 30 or August 5 1199 &ndash May 30, 1252) was the King of Castile from 1217 and King of León from 1230

Arab Baths, the most significant remnants of the Moorish era of Andalucia. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area They are the biggest Arabic Baths preserved in Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. They can be visited under Villardompardo's Palace (another important monument in the city).

Other important monuments are the Museum of Arts and Popular Customs, the International Museum of Naïf Art, San Andrés's Chapel, the Provincial Museum of Jaen (which shelters an important collection of archaeological Iberian remains), Saint Ildefonso's church, etc.

University

The city has the University of Jaen, which nowadays consists of approximately 15. 000 pupils and 27 degrees. This university is present in the city, in the Campus "Las Lagunillas", but also is present in Úbeda and Linares with only some degrees. Úbeda ('uβeða is a town in the province of Jaén in Spain 's Autonomous community of Andalusia. The university is very modern with a large foreign student population.

Leisure and entertainment

Entertainment

In Jaén the culture of the tapeo is very common, numerous bars exist where for the price of a beer (1 or 1,5 €), you eat a tapa, which consists of a small plate of food for one person. For the spritual concept see Tapas (Sanskrit; for the Spanish film see Tapas (film. A legend of a large lizard is commonly associated with the city of Jaen.

Gastronomy

The gastronomy of Jaen is very varied, emphasizing local dishes such as the "Pipirrana" (Tomato, green peppers, breadcrumbs, garlic shoots, olive oil, vinegar, salt and hard-boiled egg); "Spinach a la Jaen" (Garlic, croutons, spiced sausage, bayleaf, egg, orange zest and vinegar); "Rice a la Jaen" (very weak), "Veal with chopped garlic", "Trout from the rivers of Jaen" (Trout, butter, chunks of ham with bacon, parsley, white wine and salt), "Ajo Blanco a la Jaen" (raw almond, olive oil, eggs, garlic, salt, vinegar and water).

Among the most well-known confectionery of Jaén is "Rice pudding", "Gachas of Jaen" (a sort of porridge), "Pestiños", "Gusanillos" and "Ochíos".

Sports

The football team of the city is Real Jaén and they play in the New Victoria Stadium. Real Jaén is a football team based in Jaén in the autonomous community of Andalusia.

The city has two major sporting facilities: The Fuentezuelas and The Salobreja, together with the university sports facilities. Trekking and climbing associations also exist, such as El Lagarto and Jabalcuz.

Also of note is a Green Route called Vía Verde del Aceite, which corresponds to an ancient tracing of the iron seam from the beginning of the 20th century that united Jaén with Puente Genil (Córdoba province) known as "The Oil Train". Puente Genil is a village in the Spanish province of Córdoba, situated about 45 miles (70 km from the city of Córdoba. Córdoba (Arabic قرطبة) traditionally named Cordova in English is a province of southern Spain, in the north-central part of the

There are various competitions which have a great international importance, for example related with chess and athletics.

Music

The most important event is the International Piano Competition Premio Jaén (in spanish: Concurso Internacional de Piano Premio Jaén) that is the oldest and most important Piano Comptetition in Spain. It started in 1953 with Pablo Castillo García-Negrete, an architect who began to donate the first cash prizes of only some thousends of pesetas. Nowadays the prize consist of 57. 000€ and the recording of classical music albums in professional studios. The last winner of this significant competition was the chinese pianist Yin Yu Qin, in 2008, in the fiftieth edition.

There are other events likes the Ciclos de Rock and the Lagarto Rock Festival.

External links

• WikiSatellite view of Jaén at WikiMapia
• Official Tourism portal of Jaen
• Guía documental del Bicentenario de la Batalla de Bailén
• Portal of tourism, leisure and culture of the province of Jaen