J. P. Morgan
Born	April 17, 1837(1837-04-17) Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	March 31, 1913 (aged 75) Rome, Italy
Occupation	Financier, Banker
Spouse	Frances Louise Tracy
Children	Louisa Pierpont Morgan, John Pierpont "Jack" Morgan, Jr., Juliet Morgan and Anne Morgan
Parents	Junius Spencer Morgan and Juliet Pierpont

John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier, banker, philanthropist, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Financier (fɨˈnænsiɚ or finãˈsje in French is a term for a person who handles large sums of Money, usually involving money lending, financing A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money John Pierpont ("Jack" Morgan Jr ( September 7, 1867 — March 13, 1943) was an American banker and Philanthropist Anne Tracy Morgan ( July 25, 1873 — January 29, 1952) was an American Philanthropist, the daughter of J Junius Spencer Morgan ( April 14, 1813 — 1890 was an American Banker and Financier, born at West Springfield (now Holyoke) Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Corporate finance is an area of Finance dealing with the financial decisions Corporations make and the tools and analysis used to make these decisions Consolidation or amalgamation is the act of merging many things into one In 1892 Morgan arranged the merger of Edison General Electric and Thompson-Houston Electric Company to form General Electric. After financing the creation of the Federal Steel Company he merged the Carnegie Steel Company and several other steel and iron businesses to form the United States Steel Corporation in 1901. Carnegie Steel Company was a steel producing company created by Andrew Carnegie to manage business at his Steel mills in the Pittsburgh Pennsylvania The United States Steel Corporation ( is an integrated Steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe He bequeathed much of his large art collection to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and to the Wadsworth Atheneum of Hartford, Connecticut. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, The City of New York The Wadsworth Atheneum is the oldest Public Art museum in the United States, with significant holdings of French and American Impressionist paintings He died in Rome, Italy, in 1913 at the age of 75, leaving his fortune and business to his son, John Pierpont ("Jack") Morgan, Jr.

Childhood and education

J. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest John Pierpont ("Jack" Morgan Jr ( September 7, 1867 — March 13, 1943) was an American banker and Philanthropist P. Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut to Junius Spencer Morgan (1813–1890) and Juliet Pierpont (1816–1884) of Boston, Massachusetts. Junius Spencer Morgan ( April 14, 1813 — 1890 was an American Banker and Financier, born at West Springfield (now Holyoke) Pierpont, as he preferred to be known, had a varied education due in part to interference by his father, Junius. In the fall of 1848, Pierpont transferred to the Hartford Public School and then to the Episcopal Academy in Cheshire (now called Cheshire Academy), boarding with the principal. Cheshire is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. In September 1851, Morgan passed the entrance exam for English High School of Boston, a school specializing in mathematics to prepare young men for careers in commerce. The English High School of Boston Massachusetts is a high school that was founded in 1821.

In the spring of 1852, illness that was to become more common as his life progressed struck; rheumatic fever left him in so much pain that he could not walk. Rheumatic fever is an Autoimmune inflammatory Disease which may develop two to three weeks after a Group A streptococcal infection (such as Junius booked passage for Pierpont straight away on the ship Io, owned by Charles Dabney, to the Azores (Northern Portuguese islands) in order for him to recover. The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950  mi) from After convalescing for almost a year, Pierpont returned to the school in Boston to resume his studies. After graduating, his father sent him to Bellerive, a school near the Swiss village of Vevey. Bellerive is a municipality in the district of Avenches in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Vevey is a town in Switzerland in the canton Vaud, on the north shore of Lake Geneva. When Morgan had attained fluency in French, his father sent him to the University of Göttingen in order to improve his German. The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Attaining a passable level of German within six months, Morgan traveled back to London via Wiesbaden, his education complete. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse.

Career

Early years

J. P. Morgan in his earlier years.

Morgan entered banking in 1857 at his father's London branch, moving to New York City the next year where he worked at the banking house of Duncan, Sherman & Company, the American representatives of George Peabody & Company. From 1860 to 1864, as J. Pierpont Morgan & Company, he acted as agent in New York for his father's firm. By 1864-72, he was a member of the firm of Dabney, Morgan & Company; in 1871, he partnered with the Drexels of Philadelphia to form the New York firm of Drexel, Morgan & Company.

During the American Civil War, Morgan was approached to finance the purchase of antiquated rifles being sold by the army for $3. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South 50 each. Morgan's partner re-machined them and sold the rifles back to the army for $22 each. The military knew it was buying back its own guns, so the so-called 'scandal' turned out to be more about government inefficiency than any chicanery by Morgan (who never even saw the guns and acted only as a lender). Morgan himself, like many wealthy persons, including future Democratic president Grover Cleveland, avoided military service by paying $300 for a substitute. ^[1]

After the 1893 death of Anthony Drexel, the firm was rechristened J. Anthony Joseph Drexel I ( September 13, 1826 &ndash June 30, 1893) was an American financier banker partner of J P. Morgan & Company in 1895, and retained close ties with Drexel & Company of Philadelphia, Morgan, Harjes & Company of Paris, and J. S. Morgan & Company (after 1910 Morgan, Grenfell & Company), of London. By 1900, it was one of the most powerful banking houses of the world, carrying through many deals especially reorganizations and consolidations. Morgan had many partners over the years, such as George W. Perkins, but remained firmly in charge. George Walbridge Perkins Sr ( January 31, 1862 &ndash June 18, 1920) born in Chicago Illinois, was vice-president of New ^[2]

Morgan's ascent to power was accompanied by dramatic financial battles. He wrestled control of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad from Jay Gould and Jim Fisk in 1869. The Albany and Susquehanna Railroad was a railroad running from Albany to Binghamton operating 1851 to 1870 History Construction began on April 19, 1851 Jason "Jay" Gould ( May 27, 1836 &ndash December 2, 1892) was an American Financier who became a leading American railroad James Fisk Jr ( April 1, 1834 &ndash January 6, 1872) known variously as "Big Jim" "Diamond Jim" and "Jubilee Jim" He led the syndicate that broke the government-financing privileges of Jay Cooke, and soon became deeply involved in developing and financing a railroad empire by reorganizations and consolidations in all parts of the United States. Jay Cooke ( August 10, 1821 - February 8, 1905) American financier was born at Sandusky Ohio, the son of Eleutheros

He raised large sums in Europe, but instead of only handling the funds, he helped the railroads reorganize and achieve greater efficiencies. He fought against the speculators interested in speculative profits, and built a vision of an integrated transportation system. In 1885, he reorganized the New York, West Shore & Buffalo Railroad, leasing it to the New York Central. The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. In 1886, he reorganized the Philadelphia & Reading, and in 1888 the Chesapeake & Ohio. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O was a Class I railroad formed in 1869 in Virginia from many smaller railroads begun in the 19th century He was heavily involved with railroad tycoon James J. Hill and the Great Northern Railway. James Jerome Hill ( September 16 1838 &ndash May 29 1916) was a noted Canadian-American Railroad executive The Great Northern Railway, running from St Paul Minnesota to Seattle Washington &mdash more than 1700 miles (2736 km &mdash was the creation of

After Congress passed the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887, Morgan set up conferences in 1889 and 1890 that brought together railroad presidents in order to help the industry follow the new laws and write agreements for the maintenance of "public, reasonable, uniform and stable rates. The Interstate Commerce Commission (or ICC) was a Regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 which was signed " The conferences were the first of their kind, and by creating a community of interest among competing lines paved the way for the great consolidations of the early 20th century.

Morgan's process of taking over troubled businesses to reorganize them was known as "Morganization". ^[3] Morgan reorganized business structures and management in order to return them to profitability. His reputation as a banker and financier also helped bring interest from investors to the businesses he took over. ^[4]

In 1895, at the depths of the Panic of 1893, the Federal Treasury was nearly out of gold. The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the United States that began in 1893 President Grover Cleveland arranged for Morgan to create a private syndicate on Wall Street to supply the U. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. S. Treasury with $65 million in gold, half of it from Europe, to float a bond issue that restored the treasury surplus of $100 million. The episode saved the Treasury but hurt Cleveland with the agrarian wing of his Democratic party and became an issue in the election of 1896, when banks came under withering attack from William Jennings Bryan. The History of the United States Democratic Party is an account of the oldest Political party in the United States and arguably TalkDemocratic For other persons of the same name see William Bryan and William Jennings. Morgan and Wall Street bankers donated heavily to Republican William McKinley, who was elected in 1896 and reelected in 1900 on a gold standard platform. William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold ^[5]

In 1902, J. P. Morgan & Co. purchased the Leyland line of Atlantic steamships and other British lines, creating an Atlantic shipping combine, the International Mercantile Marine Company, which eventually became the owner of White Star Line, builder and operator of RMS Titanic. Shipping is physical process of Transporting goods and Cargo. The International Mercantile Marine Co, originally the International Navigation Co The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland

Later years

J. P. Morgan, photographed by Edward Steichen in 1903

After the death of his father in 1890, Morgan took control of J. S. Morgan & Co (re-named Morgan, Grenfell & Company in 1910). Edward Steichen (March 27 1879 – March 25 1973 was an American photographer, painter, and Art gallery and Museum curator born Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Morgan Greenfell & Co was a London Investment bank, which traces its roots back to the J Morgan began talks with Charles M. Schwab, president of Carnegie Co. For the founder and CEO of the Charles Schwab Corporation brokerage firm see Charles R , and businessman Andrew Carnegie in 1900 with the intention of buying Carnegie's business and several other steel and iron businesses to consolidate them to create the United States Steel Corporation. Andrew Carnegie (properly kɑrˈneɪgi but commonly /ˈkɑrnɨgi/ or /kɑrˈnɛgi/ (25 November 1835 – 11 August 1919 was a Scottish -born American Industrialist The United States Steel Corporation ( is an integrated Steel producer with major production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe ^[6] Carnegie agreed to sell the business to Morgan for $480 million. ^[6] The deal was closed without lawyers and without a written contract. News of the industrial consolidation arrived to newspapers in mid-January 1901. U. S. Steel was founded later that year and was the first billion-dollar company in the world with an authorized capitalization of $1. Capitalization (or capitalisation &mdash see spelling differences) is writing a word with its first letter as a Majuscule (upper case letter 4 billion. ^[6][7]

U. S. Steel aimed to achieve greater economies of scale, reduce transportation and resource costs, expand product lines, and improve distribution. ^[6] It was also planned to allow the United States to compete globally with Britain and Germany. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. U. S. Steel's size was claimed by Schwab and others to allow the company to pursue distant international markets-globalization. Globalization (or globalisation) in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones ^[6] U. S. Steel was regarded as a monopoly by critics, as the business was attempting to dominate not only steel but also the construction of bridges, ships, railroad cars and rails, wire, nails, and a host of other products. In Economics, a monopoly (from Greek monos, alone or single + polein, to sell exists when a specific individual or enterprise has sufficient With U. S. Steel, Morgan had captured two-thirds of the steel market, and Schwab was confident that the company would soon hold a 75 percent market share. ^[6] However, after 1901 the businesses' market share dropped; Schwab, himself, played an important role in falsifying his own prediction: finding the new company unwieldy, Schwab resigned from U. S. Steel in 1903 to form Bethlehem Steel, which became the second largest U. The Bethlehem Steel Corporation (1857–2003 based in Bethlehem Pennsylvania, was once the second-largest Steel producer in the United States, after S. producer on the strength of such innovations as the wide flange "H" beam — precursor to the I-beam — widely used in construction. I-beams (also known as W-beams or double-T esp in Polish and German) are beams with an I- or H-shaped

Enemies of banking attacked Morgan for the terms of his loan of gold to the federal government in the 1895 crisis, for his financial resolution of the Panic of 1907, and for bringing on the financial ills of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The Panic of 1907 also known as the 1907 Bankers' Panic, was a Financial crisis that occurred in the United States when the Stock market fell close to The New York New Haven and Hartford Railroad was a railroad that operated in the northeast United States from 1872 to 1969 In December 1912, Morgan testified before the Pujo Committee, a subcommittee of the House Banking and Currency committee. The Pujo Committee was a congressional subcommittee which was formed between May 1912 and January 1913 to investigate the so-called "money trust" a small group of Wall Street The committee ultimately found that a cabal of financial leaders were abusing their public trust to consolidate control over many industries: the partners of J. P. Morgan & Co. along with the directors of First National and National City Bank controlled aggregate resources of $22. 245 billion. Louis Brandeis, later a U. Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate S. Supreme Court Justice, compared this sum to the value of all the property in the twenty-two states west of the Mississippi River. The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to ^[8]

In 1900, Morgan financed inventor Nikola Tesla and his Wardenclyffe Tower with $150,000 for experiments in radio. There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page Wardenclyffe Tower (1901 &ndash 1917 also known as the Tesla Tower, was an early Wireless Telecommunications Aerial tower designed by However, in 1903, when the tower structure was near completion, it was still not yet functional due to last-minute design changes that introduced an unintentional defect. When Morgan wanted to know "Where can I put the meter?", Tesla had no answer. Tesla's vision of free power did not agree with Morgan's worldview; nor would it pay for the maintenance of the transmission system. Construction costs eventually exceeded the money provided by Morgan, and additional financiers were reluctant to come forth. By July 1904, Morgan (and the other investors) finally decided they would not provide any additional financing. Morgan also advised other investors to avoid the project.

At the height of Morgan's career during the early 1900s, he and his partners controlled directly and indirectly assets worth $1. 3 billion. ^[9]

Personal life

Self-conscious about his rosacea, Morgan hated being photographed. Rosacea (rəʊˈzeɪʃə is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide

Morgan was a lifelong member of the Episcopal Church, and by 1890 was one of its most influential leaders. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States.

In 1861, he married Amelia Sturges, known as Mimi (1835–1862). After her death the next year, he married Frances Louisa Tracy, known as Fanny (1842–1924) on May 3, 1863. They had four children:

• John Pierpont Morgan (1867–1943),
• Louisa Pierpont Morgan (1866–1946) who married Herbert Penny Livingston Satterlee,^[10]
• Juliet Morgan (1870–1952), and
• Anne Morgan (1873–1952). John Pierpont ("Jack" Morgan Jr ( September 7, 1867 — March 13, 1943) was an American banker and Philanthropist Anne Tracy Morgan ( July 25, 1873 — January 29, 1952) was an American Philanthropist, the daughter of J

He often had a tremendous physical effect on people; one man said that a visit from Morgan left him feeling "as if a gale had blown through the house. "^[11] Morgan was physically large with massive shoulders, piercing eyes and a purple nose, because of a chronic skin disease, rosacea. Rosacea (rəʊˈzeɪʃə is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide ^[12] His grotesquely deformed nose was due to a disease called rhinophyma, which can result from rosacea. Rhinophyma is a descriptive term for a large bulbous ruddy appearance of the Nose caused by Granulomatous infiltration As the deformity worsens, pits, nodules, fissures, lobulations, and pedunculation contort the nose into grotesque cosmetic problems. This condition inspired the crude taunt "Johny Morgan's nasal organ has a purple hue. "^[13] Surgeons could have shaved away the rhinophymous growth of sebaceous tissue during Morgan's lifetime, but as a child Morgan suffered from infantile seizures, and it is suspected that he did not seek surgery for his nose because he feared the seizures would return. His social and professional self-confidence were too well established to be undermined by this affliction. It appeared as if he dared people to meet him squarely and not shrink from the sight, asserting the force of his character over the ugliness of his face. ^[14] He was known to dislike publicity and hated being photographed; as a result of his self-consciousness of his rosacea, all of his professional portraits were retouched.

Morgan smoked dozens of cigars per day and favored large Havana cigars dubbed Hercules' Clubs by observers. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading ^[15]

His house on Madison Avenue was the first electrically lit private residence in New York. His interest in the new technology was a result of his financing Thomas Edison's Edison Electric Illuminating Company in 1878. The Edison Illuminating Company was established by Thomas Edison on December 17, 1880, to construct electrical generating stations initially in New Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[16] J. P. Morgan also owned East Island in Glen Cove, NY where he had a large summer house. Glen Cove is a city in Nassau County, New York on the North Shore of Long Island.

J. P. Morgan's yacht Corsair, later bought by the U. S. Government and renamed the USS Gloucester to serve in the Spanish-American War. Photograph by J. S. Johnston. John S Johnston (c1839- December 17 1899 was a late 19th-century maritime and Landscape Photographer.

An avid yachtsman, Morgan owned several sizable yachts. The well-known quote, "If you have to ask the price, you can't afford it" is commonly attributed to Morgan in response to a question about the cost of maintaining a yacht, but the actual wording of the original statement is a bit obscure. ^[17]

Morgan was scheduled to travel on the maiden voyage of RMS Titanic, but canceled at the last minute. Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland ^[18] The Titanic was owned and operated by the White Star Line, and Morgan had his very own private suite and promenade deck on the ship.

Morgan died while traveling abroad in Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 On March 31, 1913, just shy of his seventy-sixth birthday, Morgan died in his sleep at the Grand Hotel. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nearly 4,000 condolence letters were received there overnight and flags on Wall Street flew at half-staff. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. Half-staff or half-mast describes a Flag flying approximately halfway up a flagpole or ship's mast (though anywhere from one-third to two-thirds of the way up is acceptable The stock market was also closed for two hours when his body passed through Wall Street. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York City, United States. ^[19]

At the time of his death, he had an estate worth $68. 3 million ($1. 39 billion in today's dollars), of which about $30 million represented his share in the New York and Philadelphia banks. The value of his art collection was estimated at $50 million. ^[20]

His remains were interred in the Cedar Hill Cemetery in his birthplace of Hartford, Connecticut.

His son, J. P. Morgan, Jr., inherited the banking business. John Pierpont ("Jack" Morgan Jr ( September 7, 1867 — March 13, 1943) was an American banker and Philanthropist ^[21]]

Art, book and gemstone collector

Morgan was a notable collector of books, pictures, and, other art objects, many loaned or given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art (of which he was president and was a major force in its establishment), and many housed in his London house and in his private library on 36th Street, near Madison Avenue in New York City. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, The City of New York His son, J. P. Morgan, Jr., made the Pierpont Morgan Library a public institution in 1924 as a memorial to his father and kept Belle da Costa Greene, his father's private librarian, as its first director. John Pierpont ("Jack" Morgan Jr ( September 7, 1867 — March 13, 1943) was an American banker and Philanthropist The Morgan Library & Museum (formerly The Pierpont Morgan Library) is a museum and research library in New York City. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Belle da Costa Greene ( December 13, 1883 in Washington DC - May 10, 1950 in New York City New York) was the Librarian ^[22] Morgan was painted by many artists including the Peruvian Carlos Baca-Flor and the Swiss-born American Adolfo Müller-Ury, who also painted a double portrait of Morgan with his favourite grandchild Mabel Satterlee that for some years stood on an easel in the Satterlee mansion but has now disappeared. Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862-1947 was a Swiss-born American portrait painter and impressionistic still-life painter

The J. P. Morgan Library and Art Museum

By the turn of the century JP Morgan had become one of America's most important collectors of gems and had assembled the most important gem collection in the U. S. as well as of American gemstones (over 1000 pieces). Tiffany & Co. assembled his first collection under their "chief gemologist" George Frederick Kunz. Tiffany & Co ( is a US jewelry and silverware company founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and Teddy Young in New York City George Frederick Kunz ( September 29, 1856 – June 29, 1932) was an American Mineralogist. The collection was exhibited at the World's Fair in Paris in 1889. The exhibit won two golden awards and drew the attention of important scholars, lapidaries and the general public. ^[23]

George Frederick Kunz then continued to build a second, even finer, collection which was exhibited in Paris in 1900. Collections have been donated to the American Museum of Natural History in New York where they were known as the Morgan-Tiffany and the Morgan-Bement collections. The American Museum of Natural History ( AMNH) located on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA is one of the largest and most ^[24] In 1911 Kunz named a newly found gem after his biggest customer: morganite. Morganite, also known as "Pink Beryl" "Rose Beryl" "Pink Emerald" and "Cesian Beryl" is a rare light pink to rose-colored gem -quality

A number of U. S. gemstones from the Morgan collection.

Morgan was a benefactor of the American Museum of Natural History, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Groton School, Harvard University (especially its medical school), Trinity College, the Lying-in Hospital of the City of New York, and the New York trade schools. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, Groton School is a private Episcopal, college preparatory Boarding school located in Groton Massachusetts, U Harvard Medical School ( HMS) is one of the graduate schools of Harvard University and currently the #1 medical school in America as ranked by U Trinity College is a private liberal arts college in Hartford Connecticut.

Morgan was also a patron to photographer Edward S. Curtis, offering Curtis $75,000 in 1906, for a series on the Native Americans. Edward Sheriff Curtis ( February 16, 1868 &ndash October 19, 1952) was a photographer of the American West and of Native Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Curtis eventually published a 20-volume work entited "The North American Indian. "^[25] Curtis went on to produce a motion picture In The Land Of The head Hunters (1914), which was later restored in 1974 and re-released as In The Land Of The War Canoes. Curtis was also famous for a 1911 Magic Lantern slide show The Indian Picture Opera which used his photos and original musical compositions by composer Henry F. The Indian Picture Opera is a Magic lantern Slide show by photographer Edward S Gilbert. ^[26]

Legacy

His son, J. P. Morgan, Jr. took over the business at his father's death, but was never as influential. John Pierpont ("Jack" Morgan Jr ( September 7, 1867 — March 13, 1943) was an American banker and Philanthropist As required by the 1933 Glass-Steagall Act, the "House of Morgan" became three entities: J.P. Morgan & Co. and its bank, Morgan Guaranty Trust; Morgan Stanley, an investment house; and Morgan Grenfell in London, an overseas securities house. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC in the United States and included banking reforms some of which JP Morgan & Co was a commercial and Investment banking institution based in the United States founded by J JP Morgan & Co was a commercial and Investment banking institution based in the United States founded by J Morgan Stanley ( is a global Financial services provider headquartered in New York City New York United States Morgan Greenfell & Co was a London Investment bank, which traces its roots back to the J

There is now a restaurant in Montpelier, Vermont named after him. ^[27] The gemstone Morganite was named in his honor. Morganite, also known as "Pink Beryl" "Rose Beryl" "Pink Emerald" and "Cesian Beryl" is a rare light pink to rose-colored gem -quality ^[28]

Popular culture

In his satirical history of the United States, It All Started with Columbus, Richard Armour commented that "Morgan, who was a direct sort of person, made his money in money. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Richard Willard Armour (1906&ndash1989 was an American Poet and author who wrote over sixty books . . He became immensely wealthy because of his financial interests, most of which were around eight or ten percent. . . This Morgan is usually spoken of as 'J. P. ' to distinguish him from Henry Morgan, the pirate. Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Hari Morgan in Welsh) ( ca 1635 &ndash August 25, 1688) was a Welsh Privateer, who made a name "

Bertolt Brecht the German writer based the figure of Pierpont Mauler the beef tycoon in his play Saint Joan of the Stockyards on Morgan. (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. Saint Joan of the Stockyards (in German: Die Heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe) is a play written by Bertolt Brecht between 1929 and

In the musical How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, the character J. How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying is a musical with music and lyrics by Frank Loesser and book by Abe Burrows, Jack Pierrepont Finch is portrayed as a rising, powerful businessman; his character is possibly an allegory of Morgan's. The character Mr. Bratt alludes to the nominal similarity in the beginning of the show: "Pierrepont. Say, maybe that ought to be J. Pierrepont Finch. "

J. P. Morgan appears in E. L. Doctorow's novel Ragtime, and in the broadway musical inspired by it of the same name. Edgar Lawrence Doctorow (born January 6, 1931, New York New York) is an American Author whose critically acclaimed and award winning fiction Ragtime is a 1975 Novel by E L Doctorow. This work of Historical fiction is mostly set in New York City from about Ragtime is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally, lyrics by Lynn Ahrens, and music by Stephen Flaherty.

J. P. Morgan is mentioned, by name, by Oliver Warbucks in the broadway musical, Annie. Lieutenant General Oliver "Daddy" Warbucks is a Fictional character from the Comic strip Little Orphan Annie. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Annie is a musical based upon the popular Harold Gray Comic strip Little Orphan Annie, with music by Charles

J. P. Morgan is mentioned in F. Scott Fitzgerald's famous novel, The Great Gatsby. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24 1896 – December 21 1940 was an American writer of Novels and Short stories, whose works are evocative of the The Great Gatsby is a Novel by the American author F Scott Fitzgerald.

J. P. Morgan is also mentioned in John Steinbeck's novel, The Grapes of Wrath. John Steinbeck III (February 27 1902—December 20 1968 was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century The Grapes of Wrath is a novel published in 1939 and written by John Steinbeck, who was awarded the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for

The name J. P. Morgan is mentioned in the song "We Got Elegance" in the Jerry Herman musical Hello, Dolly!. Jerry Herman (born July 10, 1931) is an American Composer / Lyricist of the Broadway Musical theater.

Carlito Brigante is likened to J. P. Morgan in the 1993 film Carlito's Way. Carlito's Way is a 1993 gangster film based on the novels Carlito's Way and After Hours by Judge Edwin Torres.

J. P. Morgan is also mentioned in the novel Against the Day by Thomas Pynchon. Against the Day is a Novel by Thomas Pynchon. The Narrative takes place between the 1893 Chicago World's Fair and the time immediately Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr (born May 8 1937 is an American writer based in New York City, noted for his dense and complex works of Fiction.

A satirical version of J. P. Morgan appears in Matt Fraction and Steven Sanders' graphic novel The Five Fists of Science. Matt Fraction (born Matthew Fritchman on December 1, 1975, Chicago Heights Illinois) is an American Comic book writer The Five Fists of Science is a Steampunk graphic novel created by writer Matt Fraction and artist Steven Sanders.

In The Wind and the Lion, Theodore Roosevelt mockingly toasts Morgan and refers to him as (aside from the Raisuli) "the only real pirate I know". The Wind and the Lion is a 1975 Adventure film. It was directed by John Milius and starred Sean Connery, Candice Bergen, Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T Mulai Ahmed el Raisuni (known as Raisuli for most English speakers (d

In Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman, J. Arthur Asher Miller (October 17 1915 &ndash February 10 2005 was an American Playwright and Essayist. Death of a Salesman is a 1949 play by American playwright Arthur Miller and is considered a classic of American theater P. Morgan is mentioned as an example of how one does not have to be likeable to be successful in business, which runs counter to protagonist Willy Loman's ideas. The Protagonist or main character is the central figure of a story. Death of a Salesman is a 1949 play by American playwright Arthur Miller and is considered a classic of American theater

See also

• Dwight Morrow
• George Peabody
• H. B. Hollins
• JPMorgan Chase
• Morgan Stanley

Notes

References

• Atwood, Albert W. Modern Marvels is a documentary Television series on History that answers the question of how many things in the Modern world are Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar and Erickson, Erling A. "Morgan, John Pierpont, (Apr. 17, 1837 - Mar. 31, 1913)," in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 7 (1934)
• Auchincloss, Louis. J. P. Morgan : The Financier as Collector Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (1990) ISBN 0-8109-3610-0
• Brandeis, Louis D. Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It. Louis Dembitz Brandeis ( November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941) was an American litigator, Supreme Court Justice, advocate Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It is a collection of essays written by Louis Brandeis published as a book in 1914 Ed. Melvin I. Urofsky. New York: Bedford Books, 1995. ISBN 0-312-10314-X
• Bryman Jeremy, J. P. Morgan: Banker to a Growing Nation : Morgan Reynolds Publishing (2001) ISBN 1-883846-60-9
• Carosso, Vincent P. The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854-1913. Harvard U. Press, 1987. 888 pp. ISBN 978-0674587298
• Carosso, Vincent P. Investment Banking in America: A History Harvard University Press (1970)
• Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance, (2001) ISBN 0-8021-3829-2
• Fraser, Steve. Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life HarperCollins (2005)
• Garraty, John A. Right-Hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins. (1960) ISBN 978-0313201868
• Geisst; Charles R. Wall Street: A History from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron. Oxford University Press. 2004. online edition
• John Moody; The Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street Yale University Press, (1921) online edition
• Morris, Charles R. The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy (2005) ISBN 978-0805081343
• Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier. Random House, 1999. 796 pp. ISBN 978-0679462750

External links

• George LaBarre Galleries : J. Pierpont Morgan autographed New Jersey Junction Railroad 100-year Bond dated 1886.
• Carlos Baca-Flor: famous painter.