| Johann Joachim Becher | |
 J. J. Becher
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| Born | May 6, 1635 Speyer, Germany |
|---|---|
| Died | October 1682 London, England |
| Fields | Chemistry/Alchemy |
Johann Joachim Becher (May 6, 1635 – October 1682), was a German physician, alchemist, precursor of Chemistry, scholar and adventurer, best known for his development of the Phlogiston theory. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Alchemy a part of the Occult Tradition is both a philosophy and a practice with an ultimately unknown aim involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Alchemy a part of the Occult Tradition is both a philosophy and a practice with an ultimately unknown aim involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties The phlogiston theory (from the Ancient Greek φλογιστόν phlŏgistón "burning up" from φλόξ phlóx "fire" first stated
He was born in Speyer. Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx His father, a Lutheran minister, died while he was a child, leaving a widow and three children. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs At the age of thirteen Becher found himself responsible not only for his own support but also for that of his mother and brothers. He learned and practiced several small handicrafts, and devoting his nights to study of the most miscellaneous description and earned a pittance by teaching. In 1654, at the age of nineteen, he published an edition of Salzthal’s Tractatus de lapide trismegisto; his Metallurgia followed in 1660; and the next year appeared his Character pro notitia linguarum universali, in which he gives 10,000 words for use as a universal language. A universal language is a hypothetical historical or mythical language said to be spoken and understood by all or most of the world's populationor in some circles is said to be understood In 1663, he published his Oedipum Chemicum and a book on animals, plants and minerals (Thier- Kräuter- und Bergbuch). At the same time, he was full of schemes, practical and impractical.
Chemistry as an earnest and respectable science is often said to date from 1661, when Robert Boyle of Oxford published The Sceptical Chymist—the first work to distinguish between chemists and alchemists—but it was a slow and often erratic transition. Robert Boyle was a Natural philosopher, chemist physicist inventor and early Gentleman scientist, noted for his work in Physics and Chemistry The Sceptical Chymist or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes is the title of Robert Boyle 's masterpiece of scientific literature published in London Into the eighteenth century scholars could feel oddly comfortable in both camps—like the German Johann Becher, who produced sober and unexceptionable work on mineralogy called Physica Subterranea, but who also was certain that, given the right materials, he could make himself invisible. [1]
Wandering scholar
In 1657, he was appointed professor of medicine at the University of Mainz and body-physician to the archbishop-elector. The Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz is a University in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named The Prince-Electors (or simply Electors) of the Holy Roman Empire ( German: Kurfürst ( pl In 1666, he was made councillor of commerce (Commerzienrat) at Vienna, where he had gained the powerful support of Albrecht, Count Zinzendorf, prime minister and grand chamberlain of the emperor Leopold I. Sent by the emperor on a mission to the Netherlands, he wrote there in ten days his Methodus Didactica, which was followed by the Regeln der Christlichen Bundesgenossenschaft and the Politischer Discurs von den eigentlichen Ursachen des Auf- und Abnehmens der Städte, Länder und Republiken. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands In 1669, he published his Physica subterranea, and the same year was engaged with the count of Hanau in a scheme for settling a large territory between the Orinoco and the Amazon. ORiNOCO is the brand name that was used for a family of wireless networking solutions by Proxim (previously Lucent) The Amazon River (Rio Amazonas Río Amazonas of South America is the largest river in the world by volume with a total river flow greater than the next top ten largest rivers
Meanwhile he had been appointed physician to the elector of Bavaria; but in 1670 he was again in Vienna advising on the establishment of a silk factory and propounding schemes for a great company to trade with the Low Countries and for a canal to unite the Rhine and Danube. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. The Low Countries, the historical region of de Nederlanden, are the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj
1678 he crossed to England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland He traveled to Scotland where he visited the mines at the request of Prince Rupert. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Rupert Count Palatine of the Rhine Duke of Bavaria (German Ruprecht Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Herzog von Bayern) commonly called Prince Rupert of the Rhine, (17 He afterwards went for the same purpose to Cornwall, where he spent a year. Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar At the beginning of 1680, he presented a paper to the Royal Society in which he attempted to deprive Huygens of the honour of applying the pendulum to the measurement of time. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 Christiaan Huygens (ˈhaɪgənz in English ˈhœyɣəns in Dutch) ( April 14, 1629 &ndash July 8, 1695) was a Dutch Timeline of Time Measurement Technology 270 BC - Ctesibius builds a popular Water clock, called In 1682, he returned to London, where he wrote the Chymischer Glücks-Hafen, Oder Grosse Chymische Concordantz Und Collection, Von funffzehen hundert Chymischen Processen and died in October of the same year. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Sources
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Smith, Pamela H. (1994). The Business of Alchemy: science and culture in the Holy Roman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Notes
- ^ Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, London: Black Swan, 2003 edition. ISBN 0552997048; p. 130.
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