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The Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera House

Jørn Utzon, AC (born April 9, 1918) is a Danish architect most notable for designing the Sydney Opera House in Australia. Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on 14 February 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney New South Wales, Australia For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Contents

Biography

Utzon was born in Copenhagen as the son of a naval engineer, and grew up in Denmark. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city From 1937 he studied architecture at the University of Copenhagen and worked for Alvar Aalto and Frank Lloyd Wright. The University of Copenhagen (Københavns Universitet is the oldest and largest University and research institution in Denmark. Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto ( February 3, 1898 — May 11, 1976) was a Finnish Architect and Designer, sometimes Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8 1867 &ndash April 9 1959 was an American (of Welsh descent Architect, Interior designer, Writer, and educator who He started his own office in 1950 in Copenhagen. In 1957 he unexpectedly won the competition to design the Sydney Opera House, despite the fact that it was his first non-domestic design and his entry did not meet the contest criteria; the designs he submitted were little more than preliminary drawings. The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney New South Wales, Australia One of the judges, Eero Saarinen, described it as "genius" and declared he could not endorse any other choice. Eero Saarinen (eːro saːrinen (August 20 1910 Kirkkonummi, Finland – September 1 1961 Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States) was In contrast, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe turned his back when introduced to Utzon. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (ˈlʊdvɪç miːs faːn dɛʀ ˈʀoːɐ born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ( March 27, 1886 &ndash August 17, 1969

Over several years Utzon gradually made major changes from his original concept designs and gradually developed a way to construct the large shells that cover the two halls, replacing the original elliptical shells with a design based on complex sections of a sphere. Utzon says his design was inspired by the simple act of peeling an orange: the 14 shells of the building, if combined, would form a perfect sphere.

Although Utzon had spectacular plans for the interior of these halls, he was unable to realize this part of his design. In mid-1965 the state Liberal government of Robert Askin was elected and Utzon soon found himself in conflict with the new Minister for Public Works, Davis Hughes. Sir Robert William Askin, GCMG ( April 4 1907 - September 9 1981) was Premier of New South Wales from 1965 to 1975 Sir Davis Hughes ( 24 November 1910 – 16 March 2003) was an Australian politician Attempting to rein in the escalating cost of the project, Hughes began questioning Utzon's designs, schedules and cost estimates, and he eventually stopped the payments to Utzon, who was forced to resign as chief architect in February 1966. Cost overrun is defined as excess of actual Cost over Budget. He secretly left the country days later, never to return.

In an article in Harvard Design Magazine in 2005, [1] Professor Bent Flyvbjerg argues that Utzon fell victim to a politically lowballed construction budget, which eventually resulted in a cost overrun of 1,400 per cent. Bent Flyvbjerg (born in Denmark December 10 1952 is an urban geographer and planner who has written extensively about Megaprojects, Power and Rationality Cost underestimation is defined as the act of assessing the Cost of a future venture lower than what actual cost turned out to be once the venture was implemented Cost overrun is defined as excess of actual Cost over Budget. The overrun and the scandal it created kept Utzon from building more masterpieces. This, according to Flyvbjerg, is the real cost of the Sydney Opera House.

The Opera House was finally completed, and opened in 1973 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy The architect was not invited to the ceremony, nor was his name mentioned.

In March 2003, Utzon was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Sydney for his work on the Opera House. The University of Sydney (informally Sydney Uni or USyd) is the oldest university in Australia Utzon's son accepted the award on his behalf as he himself was too ill to travel to Australia. Utzon has also been made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) and given the Keys to the City of Sydney. Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on 14 February 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition South Sydney redirects here This article is about the local government area He has also been involved in redesigning the Opera House, and in particular, the Reception Hall, following an agreement made in 2000. Also, in 2003, he received the Pritzker Prize, architecture's highest honor. The Pritzker Architecture Prize is awarded annually by the Hyatt Foundation to honor "a living Architect whose built work demonstrates a combination of those

In March 2006, Queen Elizabeth II opened the western colonnade addition to the building that was constructed by Utzon in the last years without his having been to Australia since 1966. His son, Jan, took his place in the opening ceremony instead, saying his father "is too old by now to take the long flight to Australia. But he lives and breathes the Opera House, and as its creator he just has to close his eyes to see it. "

On 29 June 2007, the Sydney Opera House was declared a World Heritage site. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex [1]

Architectural works

Major built projects:

Major unbuilt projects:

Literature

References

  1. ^ Unesco website: Sydney Opera House

External links

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