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Senato della Repubblica

Type Upper house
President of the Senate Renato Schifani, PdL
since April 29, 2008
Members 315
7 lifetime senators
Political groups Pdl 146
PD 119
Lega Nord 26
Idv 14
UDC SVP e Autonomie 11
Misto 6
Last elections April 13-14, 2008
Meeting place Palazzo Madama, Rome
Web site http://www.senato.it
Italian Republic

This article is part of the series:
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The Italian Senate (Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic') is the upper house of the Parliament of Italy. An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. Renato Schifani (born 11 May 1950) is an Italian politician and a prominent member of the centre-right People of Freedom. The People of Freedom ( Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL is a liberal-conservative History Premises Following the run-up to the Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The People of Freedom ( Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL is a liberal-conservative History Premises Following the run-up to the The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. Lega Nord (Northern League LN whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (Northern League for Independence of Padania) is an Italian Italy of Values ( Italia dei Valori, IdV is a populist and anti- corruption Italian political party, headed by former Mani Pulite The Union of the Centre ( Unione di Centro, UdC is a Italian political coalition. The South Tyrolean People's Party ( Südtiroler Volkspartei, SVP is a regionalist political party active in the Italian Province of Bolzano-Bozen A snap general election was held in Italy on 13 April and 14 April 2008. For the Savoy residence in Turin, see Palazzo Madama Turin. Palazzo Madama is a palace in Rome, currently house of the Senate Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The politics of Italy take place in a framework of a parliamentary, democratic Republic, and of a Multi-party system. The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947 with 453 votes in favour and 62 The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica Italiana is the Head of State of Italy, and as such is intended to represent national unity Giorgio Napolitano (born June 29 1925) is an Italian Politician and former lifetime senator, the eleventh and current President of the Italian In Italy, the Prime Minister of Italy (officially the President of the Council of Ministers, Italian Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the country's (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor In Italy the Council of Ministers is the name of the government composed of the President of the Council (that is the Italian Prime minister) the ministers The Parliament of Italy ( Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of Italy. This is a list of Legislatures of the Italian Republic. The Italian Chamber of Deputies ( Camera dei Deputati) is the Lower house of the Parliament of Italy. The Constitutional Court of Italy (Corte costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana is a Supreme court of Italy, the other being the Court of Cassation The Supreme Court of Cassation (Corte Suprema di Cassazione is the major Court of last resort in Italy. The Corte d'Assise is an Italian court composed of two professional judges Giudici Togati, and six popular judges Giudici Popolari. Several Political parties operate in Italy, and historically they have been even more than today The People of Freedom ( Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL is a liberal-conservative History Premises Following the run-up to the The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. This page gathers the results of Elections in Italy. Italy elects on national level a Parliament consisting of two houses, the Chamber In the Italian general election 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 A snap general election was held in Italy on 13 April and 14 April 2008. The Constitution of Italy, provides for only two kinds of legally binding Referenda: a legislative referendum, which can only be called In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in This article describes the foreign relations of Italy. International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. The Parliament of Italy ( Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of Italy. It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but it existed during the monarchy as Senato del Regno, ('Senate of the Kingdom'), continuing from the Subalpine Parliament of Piedmont established on 8 May 1848. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap

The Senate consists of 315 elected members (senatori), elected for a maximum of 5 years, of whom six represent Italians residing overseas. Senators must be 40 or older, and are elected by citizens 25 years of age or over. According to special constitutional provisions, 'life senators' may exist, either former presidents, as ex officio life senators, or those appointed by the president "for outstanding merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field". The Constitution of the Italian Republic (Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 December 1947 with 453 votes in favour and 62 A senator for life is a member of the Senate elected or appointed for lifetime This is the list of Presidents of the Italian Republic with the title it '''''Presidente della Repubblica''''' since 1948 As of 2006, there are seven life senators: Francesco Cossiga (former President), Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (former President), Giulio Andreotti (former Prime Minister), Rita Levi Montalcini (Nobel Prize winner for Medicine 1986), Emilio Colombo (former Prime Minister), Sergio Pininfarina (Designer), Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (former President). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Francesco Cossiga (born July 26, 1928) is an Italian politician and former President of the Italian Republic. Baron Oscar Luigi Scalfaro ˈskalfaro (born September 9, 1918) is an Italian Politician and magistrate member of the Christian Democracy Giulio Andreotti (born 14 January 1919 in Rome) is an Italian Politician of the centrist Christian Democratic party Rita Levi-Montalcini (born April 22, 1909) Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI is an Italian neurologist who together with colleague Emilio Colombo (born April 11 1920) is an Italian diplomat and politician Sergio Pininfarina (born Sergio Farina on 8 September 1926 in Turin, Italy) is a renowned Italian Automobile designer (born 9 December 1920) is an Italian politician and banker He was Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was President from 1999 Giorgio Napolitano (former President of the Chamber of Deputies and former leader of the Communist Party), currently President of the Republic, is no longer a member of the Senate, and will be able to resume his duties as a senator in 2013 at the earliest. Giorgio Napolitano (born June 29 1925) is an Italian Politician and former lifetime senator, the eleventh and current President of the Italian The Italian Chamber of Deputies ( Camera dei Deputati) is the Lower house of the Parliament of Italy. The Italian Communist Party (Italian Partito Comunista Italiano, or PCI emerged as the Communist Party of Italy ( Partito Comunista d'Italia) The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica Italiana is the Head of State of Italy, and as such is intended to represent national unity

Senate members meet at the Palazzo Madama in Rome. For the Savoy residence in Turin, see Palazzo Madama Turin. Palazzo Madama is a palace in Rome, currently house of the Senate

The Senate may be dissolved before the expiration of its normal term by the President of the Republic, when no government can obtain a majority. The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica Italiana is the Head of State of Italy, and as such is intended to represent national unity

Contents

Latest election

[discuss] – [edit]
Summary of the April 13–14, 2008 Senate election
Parties and alliances Votes % Change Seats Change
   S. Berlusconi coalition

15,507,549

12,510,306
2,642,167
355,076

47. The People of Freedom ( Il Popolo della Libertà, PdL is a liberal-conservative History Premises Following the run-up to the Lega Nord (Northern League LN whose complete name is Lega Nord per l'Indipendenza della Padania (Northern League for Independence of Padania) is an Italian The Movement for Autonomy ( Movimento per l'Autonomia, MpA is a minor Italian political party 32

38. 17
8. 06
1. 08

+3. 74[1]

–1. 01
+3. 66
+1. 08

174

147
25
2

+39

+25
+12
+2
   W. Veltroni Coalition

12,456,443

11,042,325
1,414,118

38. The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. Italy of Values ( Italia dei Valori, IdV is a populist and anti- corruption Italian political party, headed by former Mani Pulite 01

33. 70
4. 32

+7. 26[2]

+5. 78
+1. 49

132

118
14

+23

+13
+10
   Union of the Centre 1,866,294 5. The Union of the Centre ( Unione di Centro, UdC is a Italian political coalition. 69 –0. 95 3 –18
   The Left – The Rainbow 1,053,154 3. The Left – The Rainbow ( La Sinistra – L'Arcobaleno, SA frequently referred as Rainbow Left ( Sinistra Arcobaleno, SA is a left-wing 21 –8. 12[3] 0 –38
   The Right–Tricolour Flame 687,211 2. The Right–Tricolour Flame ( La Destra–Fiamma Tricolore) is an Italian political coalition formed by The Right party of Francesco Storace 10 +1. 47 0 ±0
   Socialist Party 284,428 0. The Socialist Party ( Partito Socialista, PS is a social-democratic political party in Italy. 87 –1. 94[4] 0 —
   Others 916,148 2. 78 — 6 –6
Total 32,771,227 100% 315

Composition of the elected Senate.

Presidents

Under the current Constitution, the Senate must hold its first sitting no later than 20 days after a general election. That session, presided by the oldest senator, proceeds to elect the President of the Senate for the following parliamentary period. The Italian Senate ( Italian: Senato della Repubblica, 'Senate of the Republic' is the Upper house of the Parliament of Italy. On the first two attempts at voting, an absolute majority of all senators is needed; if a third round is needed, a candidate can be elected by an absolute majority of the senators present and voting. If this third round fails to produce a winner, a final ballot is held between the two senators with the highest votes in the previous ballot. In the case of a tie, the elder senator is deemed the winner.

In addition to overseeing the business of the chamber, chairing and regulating debates, deciding whether motions and bills are admissible, representing the Senate, etc. , the President of the Senate stands in for the President of the Republic when s/he is unable to perform his/her duties. The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer speaker or chairman of a Senate. The President of the Italian Republic (Presidente della Repubblica Italiana is the Head of State of Italy, and as such is intended to represent national unity The current President of the Senate (since 29 April 2008) is Renato Schifani. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Renato Schifani (born 11 May 1950) is an Italian politician and a prominent member of the centre-right People of Freedom.

Kingdom of Sardinia (1848-1860)

President From To Notes
1st Legislature
Gaspare Coller 1848 1848
2nd Legislature
Giuseppe Manno 1849 1849
3rd Legislature
Giuseppe Manno 1849 1849
4th Legislature
Giuseppe Manno 1849 1853
5th Legislature
Giuseppe Manno 1853 1855
Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno 1855 1857
6th Legislature
Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno 1857 1860
7th Legislature
Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno 1860 1860

Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)

President From To Notes
8th Legislature
Ruggero Settimo 1861 1863 Died during mandate
Federico Sclopis 1863 1864
Giuseppe Manno 1864 1865
9th Legislature
Gabrio Casati 1865 1867
10th Legislature
Gabrio Casati 1867 1870
11th Legislature
Vincenzo Fardella di Torrearsa 1870 1874
12th Legislature
Luigi Des Ambrois 1874 1874 Died during mandate
Giuseppe Pasolini 1874 1876
13th Legislature
Sebastiano Tecchio 1876 1880
14th Legislature
Sebastiano Tecchio 1880 1882
15th Legislature
Sebastiano Tecchio 1882 1884
Giacomo Durando 1884 1886
16th Legislature
Giacomo Durando 1886 1887
Domenico Farini 1887 1890
17th Legislature
Domenico Farini 1890 1892
18th Legislature
Domenico Farini 1892 1895
19th Legislature
Domenico Farini 1895 1897
20th Legislature
Domenico Farini 1897 1898
Giuseppe Saracco 1898 1900
21st Legislature
Giuseppe Saracco 1900 1904
22nd Legislature
Tancredi Canonico 1904 1908 Died during mandate
Giuseppe Manfredi 1908 1909
23rd Legislature
Giuseppe Manfredi 1909 1913
24th Legislature
Giuseppe Manfredi 1913 1918 Died during mandate
Adeodato Bonasi 1918 1919
25th Legislature
Tommaso Tittoni 1919 1921
26th Legislature
Tommaso Tittoni 1921 1924
27th Legislature
Tommaso Tittoni 1924 1929
28th Legislature
Luigi Federzoni 1929 1934
29th Legislature
Luigi Federzoni 1934 1939
30th Legislature
Giacomo Suardo 1939 1943
Paolo Thaon di Revel 1943 1944
Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta 1944 1946

National Consult (1945-1946)

President From To Notes
Carlo Sforza 25 September 1945 1 June 1946

Constituent Assembly (1946-1948)

President From To Notes
Giuseppe Saragat 25 June 1946 6 February 1947
Umberto Terracini 8 February 1947 31 January 1948

Italian Republic (1948-)

President From To Notes
1st Legislature
Ivanoe Bonomi 8 May 1948 20 April 1951 died during mandate
Enrico De Nicola 28 April 1951 24 June 1952 resigned
Giuseppe Paratore 26 June 1952 23 March 1953 resigned
Luigi Gasparotto 24 March 1953 25 March 1953 renounced
Meuccio Ruini 25 March 1953 24 June 1953
2nd Legislature
Cesare Merzagora 25 June 1953 11 June 1958
3rd Legislature
Cesare Merzagora 12 June 1958 15 May 1963
4th Legislature
Cesare Merzagora 16 May 1963 7 November 1967 resigned
Ennio Zelioli-Lanzini 8 November 1967 4 June 1968
5th Legislature
Amintore Fanfani 5 June 1968 24 May 1972
6th Legislature
Amintore Fanfani 25 May 1972 26 June 1973 resigned
Giovanni Spagnolli 27 June 1973 4 July 1976
7th Legislature
Amintore Fanfani 5 July 1976 19 June 1979
8th Legislature
Amintore Fanfani 20 June 1979 1 December 1982 resigned once elected Prime Minister
Tommaso Morlino 9 December 1982 6 May 1983 died during mandate
Vittorino Colombo 12 May 1983 11 July 1983
9th Legislature
Francesco Cossiga 12 July 1983 24 June 1985 elected President of the Italian Republic
Amintore Fanfani 9 July 1985 17 April 1987 resigned once elected Prime Minister
Giovanni Francesco Malagodi 22 April 1987 1 July 1987
10th Legislature
Giovanni Spadolini 2 July 1987 22 April 1992
11th Legislature
Giovanni Spadolini 24 April 1992 14 April 1994
12th Legislature
Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini 16 April 1994 8 May 1996
13th Legislature
Nicola Mancino 9 May 1996 29 May 2001
14th Legislature
Marcello Pera 30 May 2001 27 April 2006
15th Legislature
Franco Marini 29 April 2006 28 April 2008
16th Legislature
Renato Schifani 29 April 2008

Presidency Office

President

Vice Presidents

Quaestors

Secretaries

See also

External links

Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno ( 13 August 1799 – 16 April 1869) was an Italian politician and diplomat Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno ( 13 August 1799 – 16 April 1869) was an Italian politician and diplomat Cesare Alfieri di Sostegno ( 13 August 1799 – 16 April 1869) was an Italian politician and diplomat Ruggeru Sèttimu ( Italian: Ruggiero Settimo; May 19, 1778 &mdash May 12 1863) was an Italian politician Federico Sclopis di Salerano ( 10 January 1798 &ndash 8 March 1878) was an Italian Statesman and Jurist, best Gabrio Casati ( 2 August 1798 - 16 November 1873) was an Italian politician born in Milan. Gabrio Casati ( 2 August 1798 - 16 November 1873) was an Italian politician born in Milan. Giacomo Durando ( February 4, 1807 - 1894 was an Italian general and statesman Giacomo Durando ( February 4, 1807 - 1894 was an Italian general and statesman Giuseppe Saracco ( October 6, 1821 &ndash January 19, 1907) was an Italian Politician, financier and Knight of Giuseppe Saracco ( October 6, 1821 &ndash January 19, 1907) was an Italian Politician, financier and Knight of Tommaso Tittoni ( November 16, 1855 &ndash February 7, 1931) was an Italian diplomat politician and Knight of the Annunziata Tommaso Tittoni ( November 16, 1855 &ndash February 7, 1931) was an Italian diplomat politician and Knight of the Annunziata Tommaso Tittoni ( November 16, 1855 &ndash February 7, 1931) was an Italian diplomat politician and Knight of the Annunziata Paolo Emilio Thaon di Revel Duca del Mare ( June 10, 1859 - March 24, 1948) was an Italian Admiral of the Royal Italian Pietro Paolo Tomasi, marchese Della Torretta ( April 7 1873 - December 4 1962) was an Italian politician and diplomat Conte Carlo Sforza ( January 24 1872 - September 4 1952) was an Italian Diplomat and Anti-Fascist Politician Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting and in some cases adopting a Constitution. Giuseppe Saragat (ˈsaɾagat ( 19 September 1898 - 11 June, 1988) was an Italian politician who was the President of the Italian Republic Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ivanoe Bonomi ( October 18 1873 &ndash April 20 1951) was an Italian politician and statesman before and after World War Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Enrico Roberto De Nicola ( November 9, 1877 – October 1, 1959) was an Italian Jurist, Journalist, Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Giuseppe Paratore ( 1877 - 26 February 1967) was an Italian Attorney and Politician. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Meuccio Ruini ( 14 December 1877 – 6 March 1970) was an Italian Politician and Lifetime senator (1963-1970 Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cesare Merzagora ( November 9, 1898 - May 1, 1991) was an Italian Politician from Milan. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cesare Merzagora ( November 9, 1898 - May 1, 1991) was an Italian Politician from Milan. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cesare Merzagora ( November 9, 1898 - May 1, 1991) was an Italian Politician from Milan. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amintore Fanfani ( February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career Politician and former interim President Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amintore Fanfani ( February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career Politician and former interim President Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amintore Fanfani ( February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career Politician and former interim President Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Amintore Fanfani ( February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career Politician and former interim President Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Francesco Cossiga (born July 26, 1928) is an Italian politician and former President of the Italian Republic. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Amintore Fanfani ( February 6 1908 - November 20, 1999) was an Italian career Politician and former interim President Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Giovanni Spadolini ( Florence, June 21, 1925 &ndash Rome, August 4 1994) was a liberal Italian Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Giovanni Spadolini ( Florence, June 21, 1925 &ndash Rome, August 4 1994) was a liberal Italian Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (born November 27, 1944 in Varese) is a former Italian politician Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Nicola Mancino (born October 15, 1931) is an Italian Politician. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Marcello Pera (born January 28, 1943) is an Italian philosopher and Politician. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Franco Marini (born 9 April 1933) is an Italian politician and a prominent member of the centre-left Democratic Party. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Renato Schifani (born 11 May 1950) is an Italian politician and a prominent member of the centre-right People of Freedom. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Renato Schifani (born 11 May 1950) is an Italian politician and a prominent member of the centre-right People of Freedom. Emma Bonino (born March 9 1948 in Bra) is an Italian politician former Member of the European Parliament and current Member Lucio Malan (born July 30 1960) is an Italian politician Malan was born in Luserna San Giovanni, Turin. The Parliament of Italy ( Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of Italy. The Italian Chamber of Deputies ( Camera dei Deputati) is the Lower house of the Parliament of Italy. A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome.
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