| Italian Radicals | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Leaders | Marco Pannella, Emma Bonino |
| Secretary | Rita Bernardini |
| President | Maria Antonietta Coscioni |
| Treasurer | Elisabetta Zamparutti |
| Founded | 14 July 2001 |
| Headquarters | Via di Torre Argentina, 76 00186 Rome |
| Newspaper | Quaderni radicali, Radio Radicale (FM radio) |
| Membership (2007) | 1,841[1] |
| Ideology | Liberalism, Libertarianism, Laicism, Anti-clericalism |
| Coalition | list with Democratic Party |
| International | Liberal International (observer) |
| European party | European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party |
| European Parliament Group | Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe |
| Website | http://www.radicali.it |
Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani) is an Italian political party which describes itself as a liberale, liberista e libertario political movement (liberista means economic liberal, libertarian in the American sense; libertario, here, denotes a form of social liberalism concerning moral issues, with some ideological connection with historical left-libertarianism). Several Political parties operate in Italy, and historically they have been even more than today Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Economic liberalism is the Economic component of Classical liberalism. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Social liberalism, also called new liberalism (as it was originally termed high liberalism radical liberalism, modern liberalism, or Left-libertarianism (or left-wing libertarianism) is a term that has been adopted by several different libertarian political movements and theorists
It was founded on 14 July 2001, and ever since then the party's secretary has been Daniele Capezzone, replaced by Rita Bernardini in 2006. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Daniele Capezzone ( Rome, September 8, 1972) is an Italian politician Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The party intends to be Italy's national incarnation of the Transnational Radical Party. The Transnational Radical Party (former Radical Party, not to be confused with the Italian Radicals liberal party founded in 2001 is a political That is the continuation of the Radical Party founded in 1955 by the left-wing of Italian Liberal Party and re-launched in the Sixties by Marco Pannella. See Italian Radicals (disambiguation. The Radical Party ( Partito Radicale) was an Italian political party. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The Italian Liberal Party ( Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI was a liberal Italian political party. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Giacinto Pannella, better known as Marco Pannella (born May 2 1930) is an Italian Politician.
The Radical Party having become a transnational NGO working at the UN level, which by statute does not participate in national political competitions, its Italian members organized themselves into the Pannella List (Lista Pannella) between 1991 and 1999 and into the Bonino List (Lista Bonino) until 2001, when they re-establshed themselves as a party, the Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani). The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Italian Radicals ( Radicali Italiani) is an Italian political party which describes itself as a liberale, liberista e libertario Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Italian Radicals ( Radicali Italiani) is an Italian political party which describes itself as a liberale, liberista e libertario Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
History
Road to a new party
The Radical Party had historically been considered a leftist political movement, but, when Silvio Berlusconi entered the political arena in 1994, Radicals, then organized in the Pannella List, decided to support his policies, albeit critically and without becoming directly involved in his governmental cabinets, in the hope of a "liberal revolution". See Italian Radicals (disambiguation. The Radical Party ( Partito Radicale) was an Italian political party. (born 29 September 1936 is an Italian politician, Entrepreneur, Real estate and Insurance Tycoon, Bank and Media proprietor Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Italian Radicals ( Radicali Italiani) is an Italian political party which describes itself as a liberale, liberista e libertario Consequently, some regarded them as being a right-wing party. In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities In turn for their support, Berlusconi designed Emma Bonino as member of the European Commission. Emma Bonino (born March 9 1948 in Bra) is an Italian politician former Member of the European Parliament and current Member The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union.
Since 1996 Radicals have not been part of any major coalition. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) In the 1999 European Parliament election, the then-called Bonino List won 8. The 1999 European Parliamentary Election was a European election for all 626 members of the European Parliament held across the 15 European Union Italian Radicals ( Radicali Italiani) is an Italian political party which describes itself as a liberale, liberista e libertario 7% of the vote, but Radicals were not able in converting that success in more influence in the political spectrum. From 2001 to 2006 Radicals were not even represented in Parliament, while the five years before they had only a Senator. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Parliament of Italy ( Parlamento Italiano) is the national parliament of Italy.
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In 2001, after a crushing defeat at the general election (only 2. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Modern liberalism in the United States, also referred to as American liberalism, is a political ideology that seeks to use the power of the state to effect change upon society Classical liberalism (also known as traditional liberalism, Laissez-faire liberalism, Market liberalism or in much of the world Conservative liberalism is a variant of Liberalism, combining liberal values and policies with conservative stances or more simply representing the right-wing National liberalism is a variant of liberalism combining Nationalism with some liberal policies especially regarding Economic liberalism Economic liberalism is the Economic component of Classical liberalism. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the Originally coined by its critics and opponents " neoliberalism " is a label referring to the recent reemergence of Economic liberalism or Classical liberalism Ordoliberalism (also called German neoliberalism) is a school of Liberalism emphasizing the need for the state to ensure that the Free market produces results Paleoliberalism is a term that has at least a few distinct meanings all relating to Liberalism. Social liberalism, also called new liberalism (as it was originally termed high liberalism radical liberalism, modern liberalism, or Cultural liberalism is a liberal view of society that stresses the freedom of individuals from cultural norms This is a partial list of individual contributions to liberal political theory on a worldwide scale Political freedom is the absence of interference with the sovereignty of an individual by the use of coercion or aggression Individual rights refer to the Rights of Individuals in contrast with Group rights. Laissez-faire ( pronunciation: French,; English,) is a French phrase literally meaning Let do (“allow to do” The term "liberal" in "liberal democracy" does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the political ideology of Liberal neutrality is the idea that the liberal state should not promote any particular 'conception of the good' The concept of negative liberty refers to freedom from interference by other people ||-||} Positive liberty refers to the opportunity and ability to act to fulfill one's own potential as opposed to Negative liberty, which refers to freedom from Liberty, the freedom to act or believe without being stopped by unnecessary force A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where A mixed economy is an Economic system that incorporates aspects of more than one economic system The open society is a concept originally developed by philosopher Henri Bergson. Popular sovereignty or the sovereignty of the people is the belief that the legitimacy of the State is created by the will or consent of its people, who A right is a legal or moral Entitlement or Permission. Rights are of vital importance in theories of Justice and deontological ethics This is a partial list of individual contributions to liberal political theory on a worldwide scale John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 was an English Philosopher. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 &ndash 8 May 1873 British Philosopher, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential Friedrich August von Hayek CH ( May 8, 1899 March 23, 1992) was an Austrian British Economist Milton Friedman (July 31 1912 November 16 2006 was an American Nobel Laureate Economist and Public intellectual. John Rawls ( February 21, 1921 &ndash November 24, 2002) was an American Philosopher, a Professor of This article gives information on liberalism in diverse countries around the world A general overview and comprehensive discussion of this topic may be found in the article Liberalism. Liberalism in the United States is a broad political and philosophical mindset favoring individual Liberty, and opposing restrictions on liberty whether they come from Liberal International is a Political international for liberal parties. The International Federation of Liberal Youth ( IFLRY) is an international liberal youth organization The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (founded in 1993 is a liberal party, mainly active in the European Union, composed of 55 national parties from across The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( French: Alliance des Démocrates et des Libéraux pour l'Europe) is an alliance between two European political parties European Liberal Youth (LYMEC - Liberal and Radical Youth Movement of the European Community is an international organisation of Liberal youth movements - mostly the youth The Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats is a regional organization of liberal and democratic political parties in Asia The Africa Liberal Network (ALN is an organization composed of 16 political parties from 14 African nations and is an associated organisation of Liberal The Liberal Network for Latin America ( Red Liberal de América Latina RELIAL) is an international network founded in 2003 with the official launch taking place in Costa Rica Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A national general election was held in Italy on May 13, 2001 to elect members of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate of the Republic 3% of the votes and no MPs elected), the Radicals re-organized themselves as the "Italian Radicals" and elected young Daniele Capezzone as secretary. Daniele Capezzone ( Rome, September 8, 1972) is an Italian politician This was a big shift from the electoral lists formed by Radicals since 1989, when they decided to transform their party in the Transnational Radical Party. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Transnational Radical Party (former Radical Party, not to be confused with the Italian Radicals liberal party founded in 2001 is a political
During the run-up to the 2005 regional election, the Italian Radicals took the unprecedented step of asking at the same time to join both the centre-right House of Freedoms and the centre-left The Union, regardless of their respective political platforms. Veneto See also Venetian regional election 2005 Lazio The defeat in Lazio for House of Freedoms where journalist Piero Marrazzo Casa delle Libertà ( CDL; Italian for House of Freedoms) was a major Italian Center-right Political alliance led by The Union ( Italian: L'Unione) was an Italian Centre-left Political party coalition led by Romano Prodi, the The request was turned down by both coalitions.
Rose in the Fist
In November 2005 the Italian Radicals established an alliance with the Italian Democratic Socialists and became de facto members of The Union coalition for the general election of 2006. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Italian Democratic Socialists ( Socialisti Democratici Italiani, SDI was a small social-democratic party in Italy. In the Italian general election 2006 for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy held on April 9 and April 10, 2006 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The symbol and name of the new alliance was Rose in the Fist, former symbol of the Radical party in the Seventies and Eighties and the current symbol of Socialist International. The Rose in the Fist ( Rosa nel Pugno, RnP was an Italian political federation of parties founded in 17 November 2005 and disbanded This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties This decision led to a split by those Radicals who were more keen on an alliance with the centre-right: this group, led by Benedetto Della Vedova, launched the Liberal Reformers and joined the House of Freedoms. Benedetto Della Vedova ( Sondrio, April 3, 1962) is an Italian Politician, the leader of Liberal Reformers, a minor Liberal Reformers ( Riformatori Liberali, RL is a minor Libertarian political party in Italy.
In the election the list scored only 2. 6%, much less than the electoral sum of the two parties before the alliace (Radicals alone took 2. 3% in European Parliament election, 2004). Elections to the European Parliament were held from 10 June 2004 to 13 June 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according It seemed that the Radicals lost voters in their strongholds in the North to Forza Italia, while the Socialists lost ground in the South, where they are more radicated, to the Olive Tree parties (see electoral results of the Rose in the Fist). Forza Italia (Forward Italy FI is a Christian-democratic, liberal and liberal-conservative Italian political party led by Silvio The Rose in the Fist ( Rosa nel Pugno, RnP was an Italian political federation of parties founded in 17 November 2005 and disbanded After the election, Emma Bonino was sworn in as Minister of European Affairs and International Trade in Prodi II Cabinet. The Prodi II Cabinet was the Cabinet of the government of Italy from 17 May 2006 to 8 May 2008.
Recent events
In November 2006, after a row with Marco Pannella, who remains the real leader of the party behind the scenes, Daniele Capezzone was forced to leave the post of secretary and was replaced by rank-and-file Rita Bernardini. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Giacinto Pannella, better known as Marco Pannella (born May 2 1930) is an Italian Politician. Since then Capezzone, although not leaving officially the party, became very critical of the government led by Romano Prodi and formed his own political association named Decide!, much closer to the centre-right than to the centre-left. (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May Decide! ( Decidere!) is an Italian libertarian political association
As of November 2007, the Rose in the Fist is disbanded with the Italian Democratic Socialists engaged in the creation of the new Socialist Party and the Radicals at a new turning-point of their history. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Socialist Party ( Partito Socialista, PS is a social-democratic political party in Italy. In the run-up to this year party convention[2], Marco Pannella declared that the party should "give absolute priority to economic, liberal and libertarian reforms rather than civil struggle to Vatican power, pre-power and arrogance"[3], which were at the centre of the 2006 electoral campaign with the Rose in the Fist.
In February 2008 the Radicals decided to present themselves in the forthcoming election in list with the Democratic Party (PD). Overview February was named after the Latin term februum, which means purification, via the purification ritual Februa held on February 15 in the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A snap general election was held in Italy on 13 April and 14 April 2008. The Democratic Party ( Partito Democratico, PD is a Centre-left political party in Italy. Under the agreement with PD leader Walter Veltroni Radicals will have nine MPs elected (probably six deputies and three senators) and Emma Bonino will be head of list for the Democrats in a big constituency. Walter Veltroni (born July 3, 1955) is an Italian Writer, Journalist and Politician, leader of the Democratic Emma Bonino (born March 9 1948 in Bra) is an Italian politician former Member of the European Parliament and current Member [4]
Ideology
The Italian Radicals are an atypical party for Italy and they are typically viewed as leftist by right-wing people, and rightist by left-wing people. Among other things, they are the only Italian party with a clear anti-clerical agenda, whereas most other parties prefer not to tread on the toes of the Catholic Church. Anti-clericalism is a historical movement that opposes Religious (generally Catholic institutional power and influence real or alleged in all aspects of public and political
They are vocal supporters of human and civil rights, including abortion, gay marriage, euthanasia, artificial insemination, stem-cell research and legalization of soft drugs. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled An Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same Euthanasia (literally "good death" in Ancient Greek) refers to the practice of ending a life in a painless manner AIH redirects here For the indie rock band abbreviated AIH see Architecture in Helsinki Artificial insemination (AI is the process by which Stem cells are cells found in most if not all multi-cellular Organisms. Hard and soft drugs are loose categories of non-prescription Psychoactive drugs This distinction is used in both official and casual discourse This put at odds the party with the mainstream centre-right parties, while their strong support of libertarian policies, free market, liberalizations, privatizations, low taxes and privately-funded health care put it at odds with the center-left. Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers In general liberalization (or liberalisation) refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions usually in areas of social or economic policy Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing
In foreign policy, the Radicals are instinctively and staunchly pro-American, pro-European and were in favor of the intervention in Kosovo in 1999. Foreign Policy is a bimonthly American Magazine founded in 1970 by Samuel P The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) They also propose an American-styled reform of Italian political system, including presidentialism, competitive federalism and first-past-the-post. A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member Despite being a small party, they are also keen supporters of a two-party system. A two-party system is a form of Party system where two major Political parties dominate voting in nearly all Elections at every
Leadership
- Secretary: Daniele Capezzone (2001–2006), Rita Bernardini (2006–. Daniele Capezzone ( Rome, September 8, 1972) is an Italian politician . . )
- President: Benedetto Della Vedova / Rita Bernardini / Luca Coscioni (2001–2003), Luca Coscioni (2003–2006), Maria Antonietta Coscioni (2006–. Benedetto Della Vedova ( Sondrio, April 3, 1962) is an Italian Politician, the leader of Liberal Reformers, a minor Luca Coscioni ( Orvieto, 16 July 1967 – 20 February 2006) was an Italian economist and politician Luca Coscioni ( Orvieto, 16 July 1967 – 20 February 2006) was an Italian economist and politician . . )
- Treasurer: Danilo Quinto (2001–2003), Rita Bernardini (2003–2006), Elisabetta Zamparutti (2006–. . . )
References
See also
External links
- Official website
- Transnational Radical Party
- Associazione Luca Coscioni
- Radio Radicale
- Quaderni radicali
- Radical websites
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