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| Discoglossus nigriventer Mendelssohn & Steinitz, 1943 |
The Israel painted frog, Palestinian painted frog or Hula Painted Frog (Discoglossus nigriventer) is an extinct amphibian, whose range was limited to the Lake Huleh marshes in Israel and adjacent Syria. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. Prehistoric amphibian Amphibians (class Amphibia such as Frogs Toads Salamanders Newts Gymnophiona, Sirens and The Hula Valley (עמק החולה Emek HaHula) is an agricultural region in northern Israel with abundant fresh water For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Due to drainage of the marshes in the 1950s, this rare species disappeared.
This species had a dark belly with small white spots. It is colored ochre above and rusty colour grading into dark olive-grey to greyish-black on the sides. It furthermore differs from the common painted frog (Discoglossus pictus) by its greater interocular distance, longer forelimbs, and a less projecting snout. The Mediterranean Painted Frog ( Discoglossus pictus) is a species of Frog in the Discoglossidae family The type specimen was an adult female with a body length of 4 cm.
Almost nothing is known about its life history, because it was only found twice by scientists: in 1940, two adults and 2 tadpoles were collected, and a single specimen was found in 1955. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A tadpole or polliwog (also pollywog, polliwig, polewig, or polwig) is the wholly aquatic larval stage in the life cycle of Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) This was the last record of this species.
The 4 1940 specimens were to be used as types, but the smaller, half-grown frog was eaten by the larger one in captivity (Mendelssohn & Steinitz 1943). In biology a type is that which fixes a name to a Taxon. Depending on the nomenclature code which is applied to the organism in question a type may be a specimen The latter eventually became the holotype (HUJZ Amphib. A holotype is one of several possible Biological types A type is what fixes a name to a Taxon. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים الجامعة العبرية في القدس abbreviated HUJI) is Discogl. 1) for the species' description and this or the individual collected in 1955 apparently is the only material remains of the species known today; the two tadpole paratypes (HUJZ Amphib. Zoology In Zoological nomenclature, a paratype is officially defined as a "Each specimen of a type series other than the Holotype " In turn Discogl. 2 and 2a) appear to have been lost.
It was originally referred to as "Palestinian" painted frog, as the state of Israel did not exist at the time of the species' description. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Nowadays, with the definition of "Palestine" having changed, it is known as "Israel" or "Hula" painted frog. The term Palestine and the related term Palestinian have several overlapping (and occasionally contradictory definitions
This species is classified as extinct by the IUCN since 1996, but continues to be listed as an endangered species in Israel on the slim hope that a relict population may be found in the Golan Heights. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation Borders of Israel The Golan Heights ( الجولان al-Jawlān, הגולן ha-Golan) is a strategic Plateau and mountainous
In 2000 a scientist of the Lebanese nature protection organisation A Rocha claimed he had seen a frog species which could be Discoglossus nigriventer in the Aammiq marshes south of the Beqaa Valley in Lebanon. A Rocha is an international conservation organization with a Christian ethos Beqaa ( Arabic: البقاع "valley" also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ‘ or Becaa) is a fertile Valley in Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Two French-Lebanese-British expeditions in the years 2004 and 2005 brought no confirmation of the further existence of this species (Tron 2005).
See also
References
- Mendelssohn, Heinrich & Steinitz, Heinz (1943): A new frog from Palestine. UserPolbot. --> Acanthobrama hulensis is a species of Ray-finned fish in the Cyprinidae family The list of extinct animals of Asia features the animals that have become extinct along the history in the Asian Continent Copeia 1943(4): 231-233. Copeia is a quarterly published Periodical pertaining to ichthyological and herpetological subjects doi:10.2307/1438135 (First page image)
- Papenfuss, T. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. ; Disi, A. ; Anderson, S. ; Kuzmin, S. ; Gasith, A. & GAACT (2004). Discoglossus nigriventer. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 10 May 2006. Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is listed as extinct
- Paz, U. (1975): [The Rehabilitation of the Hula Nature Reserve]. Nature Conservation in Israel: Research & Surveys 1: 116-206 [Article in Hebrew].
- Steinitz, Heinz (1955): Occurrence of Discoglossus nigriventer in Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel B 5: 192-193.
- Tron, François (2005): The Eastern spadefoot Toad (Pelobates syriacus): A new amphibian species for Lebanon. The international expedition of herpetological research in South Lebanon, April 2005. PDF fulltext
External links
- ARKive: Images of specimen HUJZ Amphib. Discogl. 1 in life. ARKive is a global initiative to locate and gather Films, Photographs and Audio Recordings of the world's Species into one centralised Retrieved 2006-DEC-14.
- Global Amphibian Assessment: Discoglossus nigriventer - Hula Painted Frog. Contains map of locations where specimens were found. Retrieved 2006-DEC-14.
- http://www.medwetcoast.com/IMG/200508_pr_Aammiq__frog.pdf
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