Naturally occurring tungsten (W) consists of five isotopes whose half-lives are so long that they can be considered stable. Tungsten (ˈtʌŋstən also known as wolfram (/ˈwʊlfrəm/ is a Chemical element that has the symbol W and Atomic number 74 Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that are not Radioactive (to current knowledge All can decay into isotopes of element 72 (hafnium) by alpha emission; 180W has been observed to have a half life of 1. Hafnium (ˈhæfniəm is a Chemical element that has the symbol Hf and Atomic number 72 Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle 8 +- 0. 2 Ea. Annum is one form of the Latin noun meaning Year, not a form normally used for derivatives in modern languages the accusative singular The other naturally occurring isotopes have not been observed to decay, constraining their half-lives to be: 182W, T1/2 > 8. 3 Ea; 184W, T1/2 > 29 Ea; 185W, T1/2 > 13 Ea; 186W, T1/2 > 27 Ea. [1] On average, two alpha decays of 180W occur in one gram of natural tungsten per year.
27 artificial radioisotopes of tungsten have been characterized, the most stable of which are 181W with a half-life of 121. A radionuclide is an Atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page 2 days, 185W with a half-life of 75. 1 days, 188W with a half-life of 69. 4 days and 178W with a half-life of 21. 6 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives of less than 24 hours, and most of these have half-lives that are less than 8 minutes. Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. Tungsten also has 4 meta states, the most stable being 179mW (t½ 6. A nuclear isomer is a Metastable state of an Atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its Nucleons A nuclear isomer occupies 4 minutes).
Standard atomic mass: 183. 84(1) u
Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||
| 158W | 74 | 84 | 157. The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive This article is a discussion of neutrons in general For the specific case of a neutron found outside the nucleus see Free neutron. 97456(54)# | 1. 37(17) ms | 0+ | ||
| 158mW | 1889(8) keV | 143(19) µs | 8+ | ||||
| 159W | 74 | 85 | 158. 97292(43)# | 8. 2(7) ms | 7/2-# | ||
| 160W | 74 | 86 | 159. 96848(22) | 90(5) ms | 0+ | ||
| 161W | 74 | 87 | 160. 96736(21)# | 409(16) ms | 7/2-# | ||
| 162W | 74 | 88 | 161. 963497(19) | 1. 36(7) s | 0+ | ||
| 163W | 74 | 89 | 162. 96252(6) | 2. 8(2) s | 3/2-# | ||
| 164W | 74 | 90 | 163. 958954(13) | 6. 3(2) s | 0+ | ||
| 165W | 74 | 91 | 164. 958280(27) | 5. 1(5) s | 3/2-# | ||
| 166W | 74 | 92 | 165. 955027(11) | 19. 2(6) s | 0+ | ||
| 167W | 74 | 93 | 166. 954816(21) | 19. 9(5) s | 3/2-# | ||
| 168W | 74 | 94 | 167. 951808(17) | 51(2) s | 0+ | ||
| 169W | 74 | 95 | 168. 951779(17) | 76(6) s | (5/2-) | ||
| 170W | 74 | 96 | 169. 949228(16) | 2. 42(4) min | 0+ | ||
| 171W | 74 | 97 | 170. 94945(3) | 2. 38(4) min | (5/2-) | ||
| 172W | 74 | 98 | 171. 94729(3) | 6. 6(9) min | 0+ | ||
| 173W | 74 | 99 | 172. 94769(3) | 7. 6(2) min | 5/2- | ||
| 174W | 74 | 100 | 173. 94608(3) | 33. 2(21) min | 0+ | ||
| 175W | 74 | 101 | 174. 94672(3) | 35. 2(6) min | (1/2-) | ||
| 176W | 74 | 102 | 175. 94563(3) | 2. 5(1) h | 0+ | ||
| 177W | 74 | 103 | 176. 94664(3) | 132(2) min | 1/2- | ||
| 178W | 74 | 104 | 177. 945876(16) | 21. 6(3) d | 0+ | ||
| 179W | 74 | 105 | 178. 947070(17) | 37. 05(16) min | (7/2)- | ||
| 179m1W | 221. 926(8) keV | 6. 40(7) min | (1/2)- | ||||
| 179m2W | 1631. 90(8) keV | 390(30) ns | (21/2+) | ||||
| 179m3W | 3348. 45(16) keV | 750(80) ns | (35/2-) | ||||
| 180W | 74 | 106 | 179. 946704(4) | STABLE [>700E+15 a] | 0+ | 0. 0012(1) | |
| 180m1W | 1529. 04(3) keV | 5. 47(9) ms | 8- | ||||
| 180m2W | 3264. 56(21) keV | 2. 33(19) µs | 14- | ||||
| 181W | 74 | 107 | 180. 948197(5) | 121. 2(2) d | 9/2+ | ||
| 182W | 74 | 108 | 181. 9482042(9) | STABLE [>170E+18 a] | 0+ | 0. 2650(16) | |
| 183W | 74 | 109 | 182. 9502230(9) | STABLE [>80E+18 a] | 1/2- | 0. 1431(4) | |
| 183mW | 309. 493(3) keV | 5. 2(3) s | 11/2+ | ||||
| 184W | 74 | 110 | 183. 9509312(9) | STABLE [>180E+18 a] | 0+ | 0. 3064(2) | |
| 185W | 74 | 111 | 184. 9534193(10) | 75. 1(3) d | 3/2- | ||
| 185mW | 197. 43(5) keV | 1. 597(4) min | 11/2+ | ||||
| 186W | 74 | 112 | 185. 9543641(19) | STABLE [>4. 1E+18 a] | 0+ | 0. 2843(19) | |
| 186m1W | 1517. 2(6) keV | 18(1) µs | (7-) | ||||
| 186m2W | 3542. 8(21) keV | >3 ms | (16+) | ||||
| 187W | 74 | 113 | 186. 9571605(19) | 23. 72(6) h | 3/2- | ||
| 188W | 74 | 114 | 187. 958489(4) | 69. 78(5) d | 0+ | ||
| 189W | 74 | 115 | 188. 96191(21) | 11. 6(3) min | (3/2-) | ||
| 190W | 74 | 116 | 189. 96318(18) | 30. 0(15) min | 0+ | ||
| 190mW | 2381(5) keV | <3. 1 ms | (10-) | ||||
| 191W | 74 | 117 | 190. 96660(21)# | 20# s [>300 ns] | 3/2-# | ||
| 192W | 74 | 118 | 191. 96817(64)# | 10# s [>300 ns] | 0+ | ||
Notes
- Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
- Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC which use expanded uncertainties.
References
- ^ National Nuclear Data Center table of nuclides, http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/chart/
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed. ), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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