Isoelectronicity - Citizendia

Two or more molecular entities (atoms, molecules, ions) are described as being isoelectronic^[1] with each other if they have the same number of valence electrons and the same structure (number and connectivity of atoms), regardless of the nature of the elements involved. According to IUPAC Gold Book a molecular entity is any constitutionally or isotopically distinct Atom, Molecule, Ion, ion pair History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge In chemistry valence electrons are the Electrons contained in the outermost or valence, Electron shell of an Atom.

Examples

The N atom and the O⁺ radical ion are isoelectronic because each has 5 electrons in the outer electronic shell. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 History See also Atomic theory, Atomism The concept that matter is composed of discrete units and cannot be divided into arbitrarily tiny Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the In Chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms molecules or ions with Unpaired electrons on an otherwise Open shell An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Similarly, the cations K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Sc³⁺, the anions Cl⁻, S²⁻, and P³⁻ are all isolectronic with the Ar atom. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Scandium (ˈskændiəm is a Chemical element that has the symbol Sc and Atomic number 21 An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation. In such monatomic cases, there is a clear trend in the sizes of such species, with atomic radius decreasing as charge increases. In Physics and Chemistry, monatomic is a combination of the words "mono" and "atomic" and means "single Atom. Atomic radius, and more generally the size of an atom, is not a precisely defined Physical quantity, nor is it constant in all circumstances An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge

CO, N₂ and NO⁺ are isoelectronic because each have 2 nuclei and 10 valence electrons (4+6, 5+5, and 5+5, respectively).

The uncharged H₂C=C=O molecule and the zwitterionic CH₂=N⁺=N^- molecule are isoelectronic. In Chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable electrically neutral group of at least two Atoms in a definite arrangement held together by A zwitterion (first part pronounced "tsvitter" from German " Zwitter " &mdash "hybrid" " Hermaphrodite " is a

CH₃COCH₃ and CH₃N₂CH₃ are not isoelectronic. They do have the same number of nuclei and the same number of valence electrons, but the atoms' connectivity is different: the first one has both methyl (CH₃) groups attached to carbonyl's (CO's) carbon atom, forming a trigonal planar structure: H₃C-C(=O)-CH₃; the second molecule's structure is linear: H₃C-N=N-CH₃ and its methyl groups are not connected to the same nitrogen atom. In Chemistry, valence, also known as valency or valency number, is a measure of the number of Chemical bonds formed by the Atoms In Chemistry, a methyl group is a Hydrophobic Alkyl Functional group named after Methane (4 In Organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a Functional group composed of a Carbon Atom double-bonded to an Oxygen In Chemistry, trigonal planar is a Molecular geometry with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of a triangle all in one plane

References

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization "isoelectronic". Compendium of Chemical Terminology Internet edition. Compendium of Chemical Terminology (ISBN 0-86542-684-8 is a book published by IUPAC containing internationally accepted definitions for terms in Chemistry.