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This is a sub-article to religious education, academic discipline, and Islam. Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century The Historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early origins of Islam based on a critical analysis evaluation and examination of authentic Primary Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between Philosophy ( Reason) and the religious teachings Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar See also Islamic philosophy Contemporary Islamic philosophy refers to the situation of Islamic philosophy in the 20th century Islamic eschatology is concerned with the al-Qiyāmah "Last Judgement" Islamic theology is a branch of Islamic studies regarding the beliefs associated with the Islamic faith In Islam, God is believed to be the only real supreme being all-powerful and all knowing Creator Sustainer Ordainer and Judge of the universe Islam puts a heavy emphasis Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Law and economics. Islamic economics is Economics in accordance with Islamic law See also Modern Islamic philosophy, Islamism, Islamic terrorism Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, the Sunna In Islamic law Marriage ("ʿurs" عرس is a legal bond and Social contract between a man and a woman as prompted by the Shari'a. This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Criminal law. Islamic criminal law (فقه العقوبات is Criminal law in accordance This is a sub-article of Islamic jurisprudence and Etiquette. This is a sub-article to Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic theology. This is a sub-article to Fiqh and Hygiene Hygiene is a prominent topic in Islam. Islamic military jurisprudence consists of the basic laws governing the conduct of the military aspects of Jihad (also known as "lesser Jihad " Ophthalmology was one of the foremost branches in medieval Islamic medicine. This is a sub-article of History of science in the Islamic World and Astrology. Islamic art encompasses the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally The era of Islamic Pottery started around 622. From 633, Muslim armies moved rapidly toward Byzantine, Persia, Islamic calligraphy, equally known as Arabic calligraphy, is the art of writing and by extension of bookmaking Islamic music is Muslim religious Music, as sung or played in public services or private devotions Islamic poetry is poetry written by Muslims on the topic of Islam. Islamic literature refers to literature written with an Islamic perspective in any language Classical Arabic (CA also known as Qur'anic or Koranic Arabic, is the form of the Arabic language used in literary texts from Umayyad Islamic architecture has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day influencing the design and construction A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Conversion of non-Muslim houses of worship into mosques began during the life of Muhammad and continued during subsequent Islamic conquests and under the Muslim Architecture in " Greater Iran " has a continuous history from at least 5000BCE to the present with characteristic examples distributed over a vast area from Syria Moorish architecture is a term used to describe the articulated Islamic architecture of North Africa and parts of Spain and Portugal Ottoman architecture is the Architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries Mughal architecture, an amalgam of Islamic, Persian and Indian architecture, is the distinctive style developed by the Mughal Empire This is a list of Mosques in China. Note: When adding new mosques please update the template TemplateMosques in China. Islamic Sociology is a discipline of Islamic studies and the Social sciences. Shu'ubiyyah ( Arabic: الشعوبية refers to the response by non- Arab Muslims to the privileged status of Arabs within the Ummah. This is a subpage to athletics and Islamic studies. Islamic athletics is an athletics organisation governed by Sharia and formed Islamization of knowledge is a term which describes a variety of attempts and approaches to synthesize the ethics of Islam with various fields of modern thought In Secular usage religious education is the Teaching of a particular Religion (although in England the term religious instruction would refer An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of Knowledge which is taught or Researched at the college or university level For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

Islamic studies is an ambiguous term. In a Muslim context, "Islamic studies" can be an umbrella term for all virtually all of academia, both originally researched and as defined by the Islamization of knowledge. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion An umbrella term is a word that provides a Superset or grouping of related concepts also called a Hypernym. Islamization of knowledge is a term which describes a variety of attempts and approaches to synthesize the ethics of Islam with various fields of modern thought As such it includes all the traditional forms of religious thought, such as Islamic theology and Islamic jurisprudence. Kalām (علم الكلام is the Islamic philosophy of seeking Islamic theological principles through Dialectic. Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the In addition, it assimilates fields generally considered to be secular in the West, such as Islamic science and Islamic economics. Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Law and economics. Islamic economics is Economics in accordance with Islamic law

In a non-Muslim context, Islamic studies generally refers to the historical study of Islamic religion, culture, history and philosophy. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Muslim Culture is a term primarily used in Secular Academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between Philosophy ( Reason) and the religious teachings Academics from diverse disciplines participate and exchange ideas about predominantly Muslim societies, past and present. In spite of their non-religious approach, some non-Muslim scholars have written works which are widely read by Muslims. Before 1980, such non-Muslim scholars in this field have been called "Islamicists"; their discipline came under the field often called Oriental studies, now often Asian studies. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures languages peoples history and archaeology in recent Asian studies, a term that has largely replaced the older Oriental studies, is concerned with the Asian peoples their cultures languages history and politics

Many universities offer academic degrees on the subject of Islamic studies. A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of Higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing

Contents

Themes

It greatly aids understanding of these articles to be familiar with the list of Islamic terms in Arabic especially as used in early Muslim philosophy, since these provide the ontology on which all sects of Islam later built. The following list consists of Concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar In Philosophy, ontology (from the Greek, genitive: of being (part

History

Main article: Muslim history

The field of Islamic history includes the early development of Islam, as well as its continuation into the different rulers and denominations, and confluence of its philosophy and history where these affected each other:

The term "Muslim" is preferred here as no single "Islamic" view yet existed. Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar The Historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early origins of Islam based on a critical analysis evaluation and examination of authentic Primary This is a subarticle of Islamic scholars, List of Muslim scholars and List of historians. There is much more to Muslim history than its military and political aspects this particular chronology is almost entirely of military and political nature

Philosophy

Islamic philosophy is a part of Islamic Studies. Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between Philosophy ( Reason) and the religious teachings It is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. Faith is a Belief in the trustworthiness of an Idea. Formal usage of the word "faith" is usually reserved for concepts of Religion, as in Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A Muslim engaged in this field is called a Muslim philosopher. This is a subarticle to Islamic philosophy and Islamic scholars A Muslim philosopher is a person that professes Islam and engaged in the

It is divided in fields like: fasting eating

Theology

Main article: Kalam

Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the 'religious sciences' of Islam. Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar See also Islamic philosophy Contemporary Islamic philosophy refers to the situation of Islamic philosophy in the 20th century Kalām (علم الكلام is the Islamic philosophy of seeking Islamic theological principles through Dialectic. Islamic eschatology is concerned with the al-Qiyāmah "Last Judgement" Islamic ethics ( akhlāq) defined as "good character" historically took shape gradually from the 7th century and was finally established by the 11th Islamic Sociology is a discipline of Islamic studies and the Social sciences. Kalām (علم الكلام is the Islamic philosophy of seeking Islamic theological principles through Dialectic. In Arabic the word means "discussion", and refers to the Islamic tradition of seeking theological principles through dialectic. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A scholar of kalam is referred to as a mutakallam.

Mysticism

Main article: Sufism

Sufism (Arabic: تصوف, taṣawwuf) is a mystic tradition of Islam based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as it is gradually revealed to the heart and mind of the Sufi (one who practices Sufism). Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity The word tradition comes from the Latin traditionem acc of traditio which means "a giving up delivering up surrendering" and is used in a number of For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

It might also be referred to as Islamic mysticism. While other branches of Islam generally focus on exoteric aspects of religion, Sufism is mainly focused on the direct perception of truth or God through mystic practices based on divine love. Exoteric refers to knowledge that is outside of and independent from anyone's experience and can be ascertained by anyone The meaning of the word truth extends from Honesty, Good faith, and Sincerity in general to agreement with Fact or Reality God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Sufism embodies a number of cultures, philosophies, central teachings and bodies of esoteric knowledge. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic

Law

Main articles: Sharia and Fiqh

Islamic jurisprudence relates to everyday and social issues in the life of Muslims. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the It is divided in fields like:

Key distinctions include those between fiqh, hadith and ijtihad. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Law and economics. Islamic economics is Economics in accordance with Islamic law The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Ijtihad (Arabic اجتهاد is a technical term of Islamic law that describes the process of making a legal decision by independent interpretation of the legal sources

Sciences

Main article: Islamic science

Islam and science is science in the context of traditional religious ideas of Islam, including its ethics and prohibitions. The relationship between Science and Islam is a matter of controversy Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life A Muslim engaged in this field is called a Muslim scientist

This is not the same as science as conducted by any Muslim in a secular context. Science in the Islamic world has played an important role in the History of science. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Certain liberal movements in Islam eschew the practice of Islamic science, arguing that science should be considered separate from religion as it is today in the West. Progressive Muslims have produced a considerable body of liberal thoughts within Islam (in Arabic: الإسلام الاجتهادي As in Catholicism however, believers argue that the guiding role of religion in forming ethics of science cannot be ignored and must impose absolute constraints on inquiry. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described

Islamic science examines the full range of scientific investigation in the Muslim world, whether performed within a religious or secular context. The relationship between Science and Islam is a matter of controversy The relation between Qur'an and science is a strong relation in the Islamic thought Islamic creationism is the belief that the Universe (including humanity) was directly created by God as explained in the Qur'an or The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings Significant progress in science was made in the Muslim world during the Middle Ages, especially during the Islamic Golden Age, which is considered a major period in the history of science. Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers

Art

Main article: Islamic art

Islamic art, a part of the Islamic studies, has throughout history has been mainly abstract and decorative, portraying geometric, floral, Arabesque, and calligraphic designs. This is a sub-article of History of science in the Islamic World and Astrology. Ophthalmology was one of the foremost branches in medieval Islamic medicine. Islamic Sociology is a discipline of Islamic studies and the Social sciences. Islamic art encompasses the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally The era of Islamic Pottery started around 622. From 633, Muslim armies moved rapidly toward Byzantine, Persia, Islamic calligraphy, equally known as Arabic calligraphy, is the art of writing and by extension of bookmaking Islamic music is Muslim religious Music, as sung or played in public services or private devotions For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual The arabesque is an elaborative application of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants and animals Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" + graphẽ "writing" is the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996 17 Unlike the strong tradition of portraying the human figure in Christian art, Islamic art does not include depictions of human beings. Christian art is Art produced in an attempt to illustrate supplement and portray in tangible form the principles of Christianity. The lack of portraiture is due to the fact that early Islam forbade the painting of human beings, including the Prophet, as Muslims believe this tempts followers of the Prophet to idolatry. A portrait is a painting, photograph, Sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person in which the face and its expression is predominant IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Idolatry is usually defined as Worship of any Cult image, Idea, or object, as opposed to the worship of a monotheistic God. This prohibition against human beings or icons is called aniconism. Aniconism is the practice or belief in avoiding or shunning the graphic representation of divine beings or religious figures or in different manifestations any human beings or living Over the past two centuries, especially given increased contact with Western civilization, this prohibition has relaxed.

Entertainment

Muslim Entertainment Islamic entertainment is entertainment regulated by Sharia.

Literature

Main article: Islamic literature

This field includes the study of modern and classical Arabic and the literature written in those languages. Islamic literature refers to literature written with an Islamic perspective in any language Islamic poetry is poetry written by Muslims on the topic of Islam. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Classical Arabic (CA also known as Qur'anic or Koranic Arabic, is the form of the Arabic language used in literary texts from Umayyad It also often includes other modern, classic or ancient languages of the Middle East and other areas that are or have been part of, or influenced by, Islamic culture, such as Hebrew, Turkish, Persian, Armenian and Uzbek. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Uzbek ( O‘zbek tili or O'zbekcha in Latin script, Ўзбек тили in Cyrillic script; أۇزبېك ﺗﻴﻠی in Arabic


Architecture

Main article: Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture is the entire range of architecture that has evolved within Muslim culture in the course of the history of Islam. Islamic architecture has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day influencing the design and construction Muslim Culture is a term primarily used in Secular Academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Hence the term encompasses religious buildings as well as secular ones, historic as well as modern expressions and the production of all places that have come under the varying levels of Islamic influence.

It is very common to mistake Persian Architecture for Islamic Architecture and thus advisable to read both articles. Architecture in " Greater Iran " has a continuous history from at least 5000BCE to the present with characteristic examples distributed over a vast area from Syria

Sociology

Main article: Islamic sociology


Comparative religion

Islamic comparative religion is the study of religions in the view of Islam. Islamic Sociology is a discipline of Islamic studies and the Social sciences. This is a sub-article of Fiqh and Law and economics. Islamic economics is Economics in accordance with Islamic law This is a sub-article of Islamic economic jurisprudence and Muslim world. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. This study may be undertaken from a conservative Muslim perspective, which often sees Judaism and Christianity as having been originally similar to Islam, and later developing away from the root monotheist religion. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings However, some liberal movements within Islam dispute the conservative view as being ahistorical; they claim that Islam is the end-result rather than the origin point of monotheist thought. Progressive Muslims have produced a considerable body of liberal thoughts within Islam (in Arabic: الإسلام الاجتهادي

Economics

Islamic economics is economics in accordance with Islamic law. Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Because the Qur'an spoke against usury in the context of early Muslim society, it generally entails trying to remove or redefine interest rates from financial institutions. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Usury (ˈjuːʒəri comes from the Medieval Latin usuria, "interest" or "excessive interest" from the Latin usura "interest" Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital Assets lent include Money, Shares, Consumer goods through Hire purchase, major assets In doing so, Islamic economists hope to produce a more 'Islamic society'. However, liberal movements within Islam may deny the need for this field, since they generally see Islam as compatible with modern secular institutions and law. Progressive Muslims have produced a considerable body of liberal thoughts within Islam (in Arabic: الإسلام الاجتهادي

Athletics

Islamic athletics is athletics goverened by Sharia and evolved through the Islamic history.

Journals

Parallel articles

Notes


See also

External links

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