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Islamic eschatology is concerned with the Qiyamah (end of the world; Last Judgement) and the final judgement of humanity. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Aqidah (sometimes spelled Aqeeda, Aqidah or Aqida) (عقيدة is an Islamic term meaning Creed. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' In Islam, God is believed to be the only real supreme being all-powerful and all knowing Creator Sustainer Ordainer and Judge of the universe Islam puts a heavy emphasis IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic أركان الإسلام is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. The Shahada ( Arabic: ar الشهادة, from the verb ar شهد "to testify" is the Islamic Creed. Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and Sawm ( Arabic: صوم is an Arabic word for Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. Zakaat ( زكاة zækæːh zakaat or zakāh, has the implied The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Muslim history began in Arabia with the Muhammad 's first recitations of the Qur'an in the 7th century Caliph Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam There is much more to Muslim history than its military and political aspects this particular chronology is almost entirely of military and political nature See also Muhammad's wives Ahl al-Bayt ( Arabic:ar أهل البيت is an Arabic phrase literally meaning People of the House, or family In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (الصحابة "Companions" were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad. The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( ar الخلفاء الراشدون) is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first Imāmah (إمامة is the Shī‘ah doctrine of religious spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah. Qur'an Text Surahs ** Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Kalām (علم الكلام is the Islamic philosophy of seeking Islamic theological principles through Dialectic. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Muslim Culture is a term primarily used in Secular Academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings This is a sub-article to Religious education, Academic discipline, and Islam. This article is about Animals in Islamic thought The Qur'an assigns an inferior status to animals in comparison with humans and has a tendency towards Islamic art encompasses the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری The topic of Islam and children includes the rights of children in Islam children's duties towards their parents and parent's rights over their children both males and females Listing of Muslims by country Important note Population counts by religious affiliation like most demographic characteristics of a Population Muslim holidays are mostly based around the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, especially the events surrounding the first hearing of the Qur'an. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Islamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between Philosophy ( Reason) and the religious teachings See also Modern Islamic philosophy, Islamism, Islamic terrorism Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Quran, the Sunna Over the centuries of Islamic history, Muslim rulers Islamic scholars, and ordinary Muslims have held many different attitudes towards other religions The historical interaction between Christianity and Islam, in the field of Comparative religion, connects fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam Hinduism and Islam, from the of arrival of the Arabs as far back as the eighth century AD has had a checkered history Islam and Jainism came in close contact with each other following the Islamic conquest from Central Asia and Persia in the seventh The historical interaction of Judaism and Islam started in the 7th century CE with the origin and spread of Islam in the Arabian peninsula. In Islam, Muhammad is the last and final Prophet of God Islam views Jews Christians and Muslims as " People of the Book Arguments critical to religion in general or specific to monotheism such as the Existence of God, are not dealt with here Islamophobia is a Neologism that refers to Prejudice or Discrimination against Islam or Muslims The term itself dates back to the The following list consists of Concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (يوم القيامة or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Faith" (يوم الدين is God's final Eschatology (from the Greek, Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of" is a part of Theology In Christian eschatology, the Last Judgment or Day of the Lord is the judgment by God of every human who ever lived Eschatology relates to one of the six articles of faith (aqidah) of Islam. Eschatology (from the Greek, Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of" is a part of Theology Aqidah (sometimes spelled Aqeeda, Aqidah or Aqida) (عقيدة is an Islamic term meaning Creed. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Like the other Abrahamic religions, Islam teaches the bodily resurrection of the dead, the fulfillment of a divine plan for creation, and the immortality of the human soul (though Jews do not necessarily view the soul as eternal); the righteous are rewarded with the pleasures of Jannah (Heaven), while the unrighteous are punished in Jahannam (Hell). This article concerns itself with the belief in the final Resurrection at the End of time, commonly found in the Abrahamic religions. Jannah (جنّة is the Islamic conception of Paradise. The Arabic form Jannah is a shortened version meaning simply "Garden" Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering A significant fraction (one third, in fact) of the Quran deals with these beliefs, with many hadith elaborating on the themes and details. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Islamic apocalyptic literature describing the Armageddon is often known as fitna (a test) and malahim (or ghayba in the shi'ite tradition). See also Fitna Fitna (فتنة is an Arabic word generally regarded as very difficult to translate but at the same time is considered to be an all-encompassing
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Signs of the Judgement day
Among many hadith related to signs of day of judgement, one of the most famous hadith is Hadith of Gabriel.
Jesus and the Dajjal
According to Islamic view Jesus (Isa, in Arabic) is not the "Son of God", but was a prophet. Etymology The Anglicized name of Jesus is derived from the Latin Iēsus, which in turn comes from the Greek (Iēsoûs Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Etymology The Anglicized name of Jesus is derived from the Latin Iēsus, which in turn comes from the Greek (Iēsoûs Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language In Religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has encountered the Supernatural or the divine and serves as an intermediary It is believed that Jesus was not crucified; instead he was raised bodily. According to many hadith and believed by most Muslims, he will return to Earth. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic At the time appointed by Allah, Jesus will physically return to this world with the Mahdi (more relevant in Shii beliefs and disputed in Sunni) and will end all wars, and usher in an era of peace. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' In Islamic eschatology the Mahdi ( ar مهدي, also Mehdi; "Guided One" is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth The messianic era comes after Jesus kills ad-Dajjal, the antichrist figure in Islam, and defeats his followers. Masih ad-Dajjal ( Arabic: الدّجّال literally "The Impostor" is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. For other uses see Antichrist (disambiguation In Christian eschatology, the Antichrist or anti-Christ means a person office
Afterlife
A fundamental tenet of Islam is belief in the day of resurrection, Qiyamah. In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (يوم القيامة or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Faith" (يوم الدين is God's final In Islam, Yawm al-Qiyāmah "the Day of Resurrection" (يوم القيامة or Yawm ad-Din "the Day of Faith" (يوم الدين is God's final The trials and tribulations of Qiyamah are explained in both the Qur'an and the Hadith, as well as in the commentaries of Islamic scholars such as al-Ghazali, Ibn Kathir, and Muhammad al-Bukhari. The Tribulation (or " Great Tribulation " is an event referred to in the New Testament of the Bible at ("For then shall be great tribulation Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Ulema ( ar علماء,, singular ar عالِم,, "scholar" refers to the educated class of Muslim legal scholars engaged in the several Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 ( ابو حامد محمد ابن محمد الغزالی or امام محمد غزالی was born and died Ismail ibn Kathir (ابن كثير (1301&ndash1373 was an Islamic scholar and renowned commentator on the Qur'an.
Muslims believe that God will hold every human, Muslim and non-Muslim, accountable for his or her deeds at a preordained time unknown to man. [1] The archangel Israfil, will sound a horn sending out a "blast of truth". Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism Angels in Islam are light-based creatures created from light by God to serve and worship Him Traditions say Muhammad will be the first to be brought back to life. [2]
Bodily resurrection is much insisted upon in the Qur'an, which challenges the Pre-Islamic Arabian concept of death. The history of Pre- Islamic Arabia before the rise of Islam in the 630s is not known in great detail [3] Resurrection is followed by judgement of all souls. According to the Qur'an, sins that can consign someone to hell include lying, dishonesty, corruption, ignoring God or God's revelations, denying the resurrection, refusing to feed the poor, indulgence in opulence and ostentation, the economic exploitation of others, and social oppression. [4]
The punishments in hell includes adhab, "pain or torment inflicted by way of chastiment; punishment", a very painful punishment (see [Qur'an 29:55], [Qur'an 43:48]); khizy, "shame, disgrace, ignominy" ([Qur'an 16:27], [Qur'an 11:39]). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran [5] The descriptions in the Qur'an of hell are very descriptive (see [Qur'an 4:56], [Qur'an 47:15] etc). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran
The punishments in the Qur'an are contrasted not with release but with mercy ([Qur'an 29:21], [Qur'an 2:284], [Qur'an 3:129], etc). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran [5] Islam views paradise as a place of joy and bliss. [6] Islamic descriptions of heaven are described as physical pleasures, sometimes interpreted literally, sometimes allegorically. Jannah (جنّة is the Islamic conception of Paradise. The Arabic form Jannah is a shortened version meaning simply "Garden" Heaven is most often described as a cool garden with running streams of unlimited food and drink. Some interpretations also promise enormous palaces staffed with multitudes of servants, and perfect, perpetually-virginal spouses. In Islam, the ḥūr or ḥūrīyah ( are described as "(splendid companions of equal age (well-matched" "lovely eyed" of "modest Despite the graphical descriptions of the physical pleasures, there are clear references to a greater joy that exceeds the pleasures of flesh: The acceptance from God, or good pleasure of God (ridwan) (see [Qur'an 9:72]). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran [7] Islam also has a strong mystical tradition which places these heavenly delights in the context of the ecstatic awareness of God. [8]
Salvation
According to all the traditional schools of jurisprudence, faith (Iman) ensures salvation. There are however differing views concerning the formal constituents of the act of faith. "For the Asharis it is centred on internal taṣdīḳ[internal judgment of veracity], for the Māturīdī-Ḥanafīs on the expressed profession of faith and the adherence of the heart, for the Muʿtazilīs on the performance of the 'prescribed duties', for the Ḥanbalīs and the Wahhābīs on the profession of faith and the performance of the basic duties. "[9] The common denominator of these various opinions is summed up in bearing witness that God is the Lord, L. Gardet states. [9]
There are traditions in which Muhammad stated that "No one shall enter hell who has an atom of faith in his heart" or that "Hell will not welcome anyone who has in his heart an atom of faith" however these passages are interpreted in different ways. Those who consider performance as an integral part of faith such as Ḵh̲ārid̲j̲īs, consider anyone who does a grave sin to be out of faith, while the majority of Sunnis who view works as merely the perfecting the faith, hold that a believing sinner will be punished with a temporary stay in hell. Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. Still there is disagreement over the possibility of a believing sinner being forgiven immediately (e. g As̲h̲ʿarīs) and in full rather than undergoing temporary punishment. (e. g. Māturīdīs)[9]
Some, but not all, Muslims also believe that those who have heard the messages of a prophet of God (Moses, Jesus or Muhammad) but have chosen not to follow will receive eternal damnation in hell.
Rationalization
Ibn al-Nafis dealt with Islamic eschatology in some depth in his Theologus Autodidactus, where he rationalized the Islamic view of eschatology using reason, science and philosophy to explain the events that would occur according to Islamic eschatology. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Ala al-Din Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi ( Rationality as a term is related to the idea of Reason, a word which following Webster's may be derived as much from older terms referring to Reason involves the ability to think understand and draw Conclusions in an Abstract way as in Human thinking Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar He presented his rational and scientific arguments in the form of Arabic fiction, hence his Theologus Autodidactus may be considered the earliest science fiction work. Arabic literature ( Arabic: الأدب العربي Al-Adab Al-Arabi) is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers [10]
See also
- Ahmadiyya
- Hojjatieh Mahdavieh Society
- Imran Nazar Hosein Author of "Signs of the Last Day in the Modern Age"
- Islamic view of Jesus
- Nakir and Munkar
- Mahdi, Mahdaviat
- Messiah, Masih
- Dajjal
- Heaven in Islam
- Jannah
- Hell in Islam
- Jahannam
- Iblis
- Shaitan
- Gog and Magog
- Ibn al-Nafis
- List of Islamic terms in Arabic
- List of Christian terms in Arabic
References
- ^ [Qur'an 74:38]
- ^ Esposito, John (2003). Ahmadiyya ( احمدیہ Ahmadiyya) is a movement that arose out of mainstream Islam towards the end of the 19th century Hojjatieh (in Persian انجمن حجتیه) also Hojjatieh Society is a semi-clandestine traditionalist Shia organization founded in Iran in 1954 by Imran Nazar Hosein is a leading International Islamic Philosopher, Scholar and author specialising in World politics, Economy Etymology The Anglicized name of Jesus is derived from the Latin Iēsus, which in turn comes from the Greek (Iēsoûs Nakir and Munkar, ( Arabic: منكر و نكير) in Islamic eschatology, are angels who test the faith of the dead in their graves In Islamic eschatology the Mahdi ( ar مهدي, also Mehdi; "Guided One" is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth Mahdaviat (مهدويت is a religious term in Twelver Shī‘ah Islam meaning "belief in and efforts to prepare for the Mahdi " This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions Masih is the Arabic word for Messiah. In modern Arabic it is used as one of the many titles of Isa (عيسى `Īsā) who is known to Christians Masih ad-Dajjal ( Arabic: الدّجّال literally "The Impostor" is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond Jannah (جنّة is the Islamic conception of Paradise. The Arabic form Jannah is a shortened version meaning simply "Garden" Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. In Islam, Shayṭān (شيطان is an entity analogous to Satan. The tradition of Gog and Magog ( Hebrew גוג ומגוג Arabic يأجوج و مأجوج begins in the Hebrew Bible with the reference to TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Ala al-Din Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi ( The following list consists of Concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Christian and Arab tradition which are expressed as words and phrases in the Arabic language. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512558-4, p. 264
- ^ "Resurrection", The New Encyclopedia of Islam (2003), p. 383
- ^ Encyclopedia of Islam and Muslim World (2004), p. 565
- ^ a b "Reward and Punishment", Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (2005)
- ^ "Paradise", "Heaven", The New Encyclopedia Britannica (2005)
- ^ Smith, Jane I. (2006). The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195156492, p. 89
- ^ "Heaven", The Columbia Encyclopedia (2000)
- ^ a b c "Imam", Encyclopaedia of Islam Online
- ^ Dr. Abu Shadi Al-Roubi (1982), "Ibn Al-Nafis as a philosopher", Symposium on Ibn al-Nafis, Second International Conference on Islamic Medicine: Islamic Medical Organization, Kuwait (cf. Ibn al-Nafis As a Philosopher, Encyclopedia of Islamic World). cf is an abbreviation for the Latin -derived (but also modern English) word confer, meaning "compare" or "consult"
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