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Abuja National Mosque, located in Abuja
Abuja National Mosque, located in Abuja

Fifty percent of the population of Nigeria adheres to Islam. The Abuja National Mosque, also known as the Nigerian National Mosque, is the national Mosque of Nigeria, a country with a substantial Abuja is the Capital city of Nigeria. It is located in the centre of Nigeria in the Federal Capital Territory Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. [1] Islam came to Northern Nigeria as early as the ninth century, and was well established in the Kanem-Bornu Empire during the reign of Humme Jilmi. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Northern Nigeria is a geographical region of Nigeria. It is more arid and has less population density than the south It had spread to the major cities of the northern part of the country by the sixteenth century, later moving into the countryside and towards the Middle Belt uplands. The Middle Belt is a human geographical term designating the region of central Nigeria populated largely by Minority ethnic groups and stretching across the country

Islam also came to the southwestern Yoruba-speaking areas during the time of Mansa Musa's Mali Empire. Yoruba (native name èdè Yorùbá, 'the Yoruba language' is a Dialect continuum of West Africa with over 25 million speakers The Mali Empire or Manding Empire or Manden Kurufa was a Medieval West African civilization of the Mandinka from c The Yorubas colloquially referred to Islam as "Esin-Mali", which means religion from Mali. The Yoruba (Yo•row•ba ( Yorùbá in Yoruba Orthography) are one of the largest ethno-linguistic or Ethnic groups in West Africa For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Muslims in Nigerian are predominantly Sunni Malikis. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The Maliki Madhhab ( Arabic مالكي) is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam However, there is a significant Shia minority, primarily in Sokoto State (see Shia in Nigeria). History Since its creation as a state in 1976 Sokoto state has been ruled by governors most ex-military officers who succeeded each another at short intervals Though the majority of the Nigerian muslim population is Sunni, there is a significant Shia minority particularly in the states of Kano and Sokoto

Contents

History of Islam in Nigeria

Arrival and spread of Islam

Islam first arrived in Nigeria in the ninth century. It was adopted as the religion of the majority of the leading figures in the Bornu Empire during the reign of Mai (king) Idris Alooma (1571-1603), although a large part of that country still adhered to traditional religions. The Bornu Empire (1396-1893 was a medieval African state of Niger from 1389 to 1893 Idris Alooma was mai (king of the Kanem-Bornu Empire, located mainly in Chad and Nigeria. [2] He furthered the cause of Islam in the country by introducing Islamic courts, establishing mosques, and setting up a hostel in Mecca, the Islamic pilgrimage destination, for Kanuris. Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored The Kanuri are an African Ethnic group living in Bornu state in northeastern Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and [3]

Fulani War

Main article: Fulani War

In the early 1800s, Islamic scholar Usman dan Fodio launched a jihad, the Fulani War, against the Hausa Kingdoms of Northern Nigeria. The Fulani War of 1804 - 1810, also known as the Fulani Jihad or Jihad of Usman dan Fodio, was a military conquest in present day Nigeria Shaihu Usman dan Fodio (عثمان بن فودي ، عثمان دان فوديو‎ (also referred to as Shaikh Usman Ibn Fodio, Shehu Uthman Dan Fuduye or Shehu Usman dan Fodio Jihad (جهاد ʤɪhæːd an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. The Fulani War of 1804 - 1810, also known as the Fulani Jihad or Jihad of Usman dan Fodio, was a military conquest in present day Nigeria The Hausa Kingdoms were a collection of independent city-states situated between the Niger River and Lake Chad. He was victorious, and established the Fulani Empire with its capital at Sokoto. The Sokoto Caliphate is an Islamic spiritual community in Nigeria, led by the Sultan of Sokoto, Sa’adu Abubakar. Sokoto is a city located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near to where the Sokoto River and Rima River meet [4]

Maitatsine

Main article: Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine

A fringe cult, led by Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine, started in Kano in the late 1970s and operated throughout the 1980s. Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine (died 1980 was an Islamic scholar in Nigeria. Mohammed Marwa Maitatsine (died 1980 was an Islamic scholar in Nigeria. Kano is the administrative center of the Kano State and the third largest City in Nigeria, in terms Maitatsine (since deceased) was from Cameroon, and claimed to have had divine revelations superseding those of the Prophet Muhammad. The Republic of Cameroon is a unitary republic of central and western Africa. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics The cult had its own mosques and preached a doctrine antagonistic to established Islamic and societal leadership. Its main appeal was to marginal and poverty-stricken urban in-migrants, whose rejection by the more established urban groups fostered this religious opposition. These disaffected adherents ultimately lashed out at the more traditional mosques and congregations, resulting in violent outbreaks in several cities of the north.

Islam in Nigerian society

The national mosque during Harmattan
The national mosque during Harmattan

Two features of Islam are essential to understanding its place in Nigerian society. The Harmattan is a dry and dusty West African Trade wind. It blows south from Sahara into the Gulf of Guinea between the end of November and the They are the degree to which Islam permeates other institutions in the society, and its contribution to Nigerian pluralism. As an institution in emirate society, Islam includes daily and annual ritual obligations; the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca; sharia, or religious law; and an establishment view of politics, family life, communal order, and appropriate modes of personal conduct in most situations. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.

Thus, even in 1990, Islam pervaded daily life. Public meetings began and ended with Muslim prayer, and everyone knew at least the minimum Arabic prayers and the five pillars of the religion required for full participation. Public adjudication (by local leaders with the help of religious experts, or Alkali courts) provided widespread knowledge of the basic tenets of sharia law -- the Sunni school of law according to Malik ibn Anas was that primarily followed. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn 'Amr al-Asbahi ( Arabic مالك بن أنس

Air transport has made the hajj more widely available. Upper-income groups went several times and sent or took their wives as well.

Organization of Nigerian Islam

Nigerian Islam is not highly organized. Reflecting the aristocratic nature of the traditional ruling groups, there were families of clerics whose male heirs trained locally and abroad in theology and jurisprudence and filled major positions in the mosques and the judiciary. These ulama, or learned scholars, had for centuries been the religious and legal advisers of emirs, the titled nobility, and the wealthy trading families in the major cities. Ordinary people could consult the myriads of would-be and practicing clerics in various stages of training, who studied with local experts, functioned at rites of passage, or simply used their religious education to gain increased "blessedness" for their efforts.

Sufi brotherhoods, a form of religious order based on more personal or mystical relations to the supernatural, were widespread, especially in the major cities. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف There the two predominant ones, Qadiriyah and Tijaniyah, had separate mosques and, in a number of instances, a parochial school system receiving grants from the state. Qadiriyyah ( Arabic: القادريه, Turkish: Kadirilik) (also Transliterated Kadri, Elkadry, Kadray The Tijāniyyah ( Arabic: الطريقة التجانية, Transliterated: Al-Ṭarīqah al-Tijāniyyah, or "The Tijānī Path" is The brotherhoods played a major role in the spread of Islam in the northern area and the middle belt.

Sunni Islam is the largest sect in Nigeria. The Shia Muslims of Nigeria are primarily located in the Sokoto State, where they have been persecuted due to Sunni clerical sermons attacking them. [5] [6]

Muslims among various ethnic groups in Nigeria

The following table lists the Muslim populations of the larger ethnic groups in Nigeria. [7]

See also

References

  1. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Nigeria
  2. ^ Kenny, Joseph (November 1996). The Yoruba (Yo•row•ba ( Yorùbá in Yoruba Orthography) are one of the largest ethno-linguistic or Ethnic groups in West Africa The Kanuri are an African Ethnic group living in Bornu state in northeastern Nigeria, southeast Niger, western Chad and Maiduguri or Yerwa is the capital of Borno State in Nigeria and sits along the Ngadda River. The Fula or Fulbe or Fulani (the latter being an Anglicisation of the word in their language Fulɓe) are an ethnic group of Sokoto is a city located in the extreme northwest of Nigeria, near to where the Sokoto River and Rima River meet Bauchi is the capital of Bauchi State in Nigeria. It is located at, with a population of 316173 ( 2004) ˈmɑŋgə is the Japanese word for Comics (sometimes called komikku コミック and print Cartoons In their modern form manga date from shortly The Egba are a subgroup of the Yoruba people who live in western Nigeria. The Songhai are an ethnic group from western Africa akin to the Mandé. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The International Gender and Language Group, or IGALA is an international interdisciplinary organization that is committed to the promotion and support of research on language gender The Djerma, also spelled Zerma Zarma Dyerma or Zaberma are a people of westernmost Niger and adjacent areas of Burkina Faso and Nigeria with small pockets Esan (pronounced / aysan / is one of the major Ethnic groups in Edo State, South-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. A gun is a particular Weapon that propels Projectiles The projectile is generally fired through a hollow tube known as the gun's barrel. The Tuareg (also Twareg or Touareg, Amazigh: Imuhagh / Itargiyen, besides regional ethnyms are a Nomadic Syrians today are an overall indigenous Levantine people closely related to their immediate neighbours like the Lebanese and (to a lesser extent Jordanians Somalis ( Soomaaliyeed, الصوماليون are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. Maguzawa are Hausa people who still adhere to some of the tenets of the pre-Islamic traditional religions of Kano and Katsina, cities in northern Nigeria This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group Listing of Muslims by country Important note Population counts by religious affiliation like most demographic characteristics of a Population "Sharia and Christianity in Nigeria: Islam and a 'Secular' State". Journal of Religion in Africa 24 (4): 338. doi:10.2307/1581837. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  3. ^ Lapidus, Ira Marvin (2002). "Islam in West Africa", A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press, 405. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 ISBN 0521779332.  
  4. ^ "Usman dan Fodio". Encyclopædia Britannica. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc (2007). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc is an American company best known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously-published  
  5. ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Nigerian Shia base knocked down
  6. ^ Attack on Shi'as in Nigeria | Jafariya News Network
  7. ^ World Christian Database
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