According to the latest 1994 national census, Islam is the second most widely practiced religion in Ethiopia after Christianity, with approximately one third (32. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings 8%) of Ethiopians adhering to Islam[1], having arrived in Ethiopia in 615. Events By Place Europe The Edict of Paris grants extensive rights to the Frankish nobility The CIA World Factbook places Islam as the second most widely practiced religion in Ethiopia, stating that some 45 percent of the population are adherents. [2]. Islam is the majority religion for the Somali, Afar and Oromo peoples in Ethiopia, with roughly 60% of the people in those groups adhering to it. Islam is also practiced by some of the Amhara, Tigray and Gurage.
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History
The first Muslims in Ethiopia were refugees from Mecca, persecuted by the new leading tribe, the reactionary Quraysh. Quraish is also the name of a Surah in the Qur'an. Quraysh or Quraish (Arabic ar قريش They were received by the ruler of Ethiopia, whom Arabic tradition was named Ashama ibn Abjar, and he settled them in Negash. According to Arabic sources Aṣḥama ibn Abjar was Emperor or al-Najashi ( Arabic النجاشي) of Aksum at the time of Muhammad Negash is a village in the Tigray Region (or kilil) of Ethiopia, which straddles the Adigrat - Mekele road 10 kilometers Located in the northern Tigray province, Negash is the historical center of Islam in Ethiopia and parts of East Africa. The Quraysh sent emissaries to bring them back to Arabia, but the King of Ethiopia refused their demands. The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) The Prophet himself instructed his followers who came to Ethiopia, to respect and protect Ethiopia as well as live in peace with Ethiopian Christians. [3] However, it would be the city of Medina, north of Mecca, that was ultimately decided to be the new home of the exiles from Mecca. Also, Bilal, one of the foremost companions of the Prophet Muhammad and the first muezzin, or the caller to prayer, was from Ethiopia. Bilal ibn Rabah (بلال بن رباح or Bilal al-Habeshi was an Ethiopian born in Mecca in the late 6th century sometime between 578 and 582
Islam later developed more in the coastal regions of the southern horn of Africa, particularly among the Somali. This was challenged by the mostly Christian northern people of Abyssinia, including Amhara, Tigray and north western Oromo. However the north and northeastern expansion of the Oromo, who practiced mainstream traditional Waaqa, affected the growth of Islam in its early days. Waaq (also Waq or Waaqa) is the name of God in the traditional Oromo, Rendille religion of the Horn of Africa. Historian Ulrich Braukamper says, "the expansion of the non-Muslim Oromo people during subsequent centuries mostly eliminated Islam in those areas. " However, following the centralization of some Oromo communities, some of them adopted Islam and today constitutes over 40% of their population. [4]
Under the former Emperor Haile Selassie, Muslim communities could bring matters of Personal and Family Law and inheritance before Islamic courts; many did so and probably continued to do so under the revolutionary regime. Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was However, many Muslims dealt with such matters in terms of Customary Law. For example, the Somali and other pastoralists tended not to follow the requirement that daughters inherit half as much property as sons, particularly when livestock was at issue. Somalis ( Soomaaliyeed, الصوماليون are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. In parts of Eritrea, the tendency to treat land as the corporate property of a descent group (lineage or clan) precluded following the Islamic principle of division of property among one's heirs.
Muslims in Contemporary Ethiopia
Much as the rest of the Muslim world, the beliefs and practices of the Muslims of Ethiopia are basically the same: embodied in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Harar (var Harrar, Hārer, Harer; Adari) is an eastern city in Ethiopia, and the capital of the modern Harari The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” There are also Sufi brotherhoods present in Ethiopia. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف The most important Islamic religious practices, such as the daily ritual prayers (Salat) and Fasting (Arabic صوم, Sawm, Ethiopic ጾም, S. Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Sawm ( Arabic: صوم is an Arabic word for Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. Ethiopian Semitic (also known as Ethiopian Ethiosemitic Ethiopic is a language group which together with Old South Arabian forms the Western branch of the South om or Tsom - used by Christians as well) during the holy month of Ramadan, are observed both in urban centers as well as in rural areas, among both settled peoples and nomads. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (in transliterated Amharic: Yäityop'ya ortodoks täwahedo bétäkrestyan) is an Oriental Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic Numerous Ethiopian Muslims perform the pilgrimage to Mecca every year. Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored
In Ethiopia's Muslim communities, as in neighboring Sudan and Somalia, many of the faithful are associated with, but not necessarily members of any specific Sufi order. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Nevertheless, formal and informal attachment to Sufi practices is widespread, the emphasis seems less on the contemplative and disciplined mysticism and more on the concentration of the spiritual powers possessed by certain founders of the orders and the leaders of local branches. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف
See also
References
- ^ Berhanu Abegaz, "Ethiopia: A Model Nation of Minorities" (accessed 6 April 2006)
- ^ World Factbook: Ethiopia
- ^ Ofcansky, Thomas P. This is a sub-article to Muhammad before Medina and Muhammad in Medina According to Islamic tradition twelve male and twelve female Listing of Muslims by country Important note Population counts by religious affiliation like most demographic characteristics of a Population ; LaVerle Berry (1991). Ethiopia and the Early Islamic Period (HTML) (English). A Country Study: Ethiopia. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. The Federal Research Division ( FRD) is the research and analysis unit of the United States Library of Congress. The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress Retrieved on 2007-09-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France “According to Islamic tradition, some members of Muhammad's family and some of his early converts had taken refuge with the Aksumites during the troubled years preceding the Prophet's rise to power, and Aksum was exempted from the jihad, or holy war, as a result. ”
- ^ # Ulrich Braukamper, Layers Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia (2003)
- This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain. The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA) freely available for use by researchers The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- J. Spencer Trimingham. Islam in Ethiopia. Oxford: Geoffrey Cumberlege for the University Press, 1952.
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