Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Isaccea
Location of Isaccea
Location of Isaccea
Coordinates: 45°16′11″N 28°27′35″E / 45.26972, 28.45972
Country Flag of Romania Romania
County Tulcea County
Status Town
Government
 - Mayor Ilie Petre (Social Democratic Party)
Area
 - Total 3. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 69 km² (1. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi)
Population (2002)
 - Total 5,614
 - Density 1,521/km² (3,939. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Website: http://isaccea.romclub.ro
Map of Tulcea County showing Isaccea highlighted
Map of Tulcea County showing Isaccea highlighted
Map showing the nearby localities and roads
Map showing the nearby localities and roads

Isaccea (IPA: [i.'sak.ʧa]) is a small town in Tulcea County, in Dobruja, Romania, on the right bank of the Danube, 35 km north-west of Tulcea. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time Tulcea (tulʧa is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in the historical region Dobruja, with the capital city at Tulcea. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Tulcea ('tultʃe̯a Bulgarian, Russian, and Ukrainian: Тулча Tulcha; Turkish: Hora-Tepé or Tolçu According to the 2002 census, it has a population 5,614.

The town has been inhabited for thousands of years, as it is one of the few places in all the Lower Danube that can be easily forded and thus an easy link between the Balkans and the steppes of Southern Russia. A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Danube was for a long time the border between the Romans, later Byzantines and the "barbarian" migrating tribes in the north, making Isaccea a border town, conquered and held by dozens of different peoples. See also Bordertown. A border town is a town close to the boundary between two countries states or regions

Contents

Geography

The town has in administration 96. 71 km², of which 3. 69 km² are inside the residential areas. The town is divided in three settlements: Isaccea proper (4,789 inhabitants), Revărsarea (563 inhabitants) and Tichileşti (22 inhabitants). The Tulcea – Brăila roadway (DN22/E87) crosses the town. Brăila (pronunciation in Romanian: /brə'ila/ Браила Ibrail is a city in Muntenia, eastern Romania, a port on the Danube and

The town is located in near to the Măcin Mountains and Dobrogea Plateau (in the south) and the Danube (in the north). The Măcin Mountains (Munţii Măcin is a Mountain range in Tulcea County, Dobrogea, Romania. The Dobrogea Plateau (Romanian Podişul Dobrogei) is a plateau in Eastern Romania located in the Dobruja region surrounded to the north and west by the Danube Many lakes could once be found in the town, but some of them were desiccated by the Communist authorities in order to use the terrain for agriculture. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture This initiative lacked success, since the soil of the area proved to be not very fertile. Fertility is the natural capability of giving life As a measure "Fertility Rate" is the number of children born per couple person or population Some larger lakes still remain: Saun, Telincea, Rotund, Ghiolul Pietrei, Racova. In April 2006, the dyke which protected this terrain failed and the Danube flooded again the areas which used to be wetlands. Stories without links will be removed'. News stories must be in English LeveeEmbankmentDitch A dike (or dyke) levee, levée, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial

Tichileşti

Main article: Tichileşti, Tulcea

Tichileşti was founded as a monastery of Tichileşti, with time becoming a leper colony. Tichileşti is a Leper colony in Isaccea, Tulcea County, Romania, having 22 inhabitants according to the 2002 census A leper colony, leprosarium, or lazar house is a place to Quarantine leprous people A legend says the monastery was founded by one of the Cantacuzino princesses who was affected by leprosy. The Cantacuzino ( Cantacuzène) family has its origins in the Byzantine Empire Another theory of the history the settlement is that a group of Russian refugees (see Lipovans) settled there and founded the monastery, but soon became outlaws who were eventually caught. Lipovans or Lippovans (Lipoveni Липовани Липоване липованци are the Old Believers, mostly of Russian ethnic origin who settled In 1918, a part of the lepers moved to Bessarabian town of Ismail. Ismail is a variant of Ishmael. Etymology and Meaning The literal translation of the name Ismail is along the lines of Heard by Allah Following a 1926 newspaper article, a hospital was built in 1928 at the monastery. In 1998, there were only 39 people lived in the settlement, but according to the 2002 census, there were only 22 people, most of them having an age of more than 60 years. [1]

Name

Possibly the earliest mentioning is in De Administrando Imperio (around 950) of Constantine Porphyrogenitus. De Administrando Imperio is the commonly used Latin title of a scholarly work written in Greek, by the 10th-century Byzantine emperor Events By Place Europe Duke Boleslav I of Bohemia makes peace with Otto I. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" ( Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ Πορφυρογέννητος It talks about six deserted cities between the Dniester and Bulgaria, among them being Saka-katai, katai being most likely a transcription of a Pecheneg word for "city". A ghost town is a Town or City that has been abandoned usually because the economic activity that supported it has failed or due to natural or human-caused The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Pecheneg language is the extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs in Eastern Europe The name Saka could in turn be derived from Romanian sacă/seacă, meaning "barren", however both the identification of the city with Isaccea and the etymology are mere speculations. [2]

The first clear reference to this name was in 11th century, when there was a local ruler from Vicina named Σακτζας (Saktzas, probably Saccea / Sakça), for the first time used by Byzantine Anna Comnena in her Alexiad. Anna Komnene or Comnena (Greek Άννα Κομνηνή Anna Komnēnē December 1, 1083 &ndash1153 was a Byzantine princess and scholar daughter of The Alexiad (original Greek title: Αλεξιάς) is a Medieval biographical text written around the year 1148 by the Byzantine historian [3] Nicolae Iorga presumed that the ruler was Romanian[4], however "-ça" (-cea) could also indicate a Turkic suffix. Nicolae Iorga (his name may also be rendered as Nicolas Jorga in foreign works January 17, 1871, Botoşani – November 27,

The 14th century Arab geographer Abulfeda mentions the town under the name "Saecdji", which was a territory of the "Al-Ualak" (Wallachs). Abu al-Fida (أبو الفداء or Abul Fida Ismail Hamvi (fully Abu Al-fida' Isma'il Ibn 'ali ibn Mahmud Al-malik Al-mu'ayyad 'imad Ad-din, (also Transliterated This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania

The initial "i" in the name was added during the Ottoman domination, due to the same feature of the Turkish language that transformed "Stanbul" to "Istanbul". Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Some local legends claim that the town was named after a certain Isac Baba, however the other explanation is more likely to be true, as the name of the town initially lacked the "i".

Other historical names include:

History

Ancient history

The land where the town is now was inhabited since prehistoric times: the remains of a 7000-years old neolithic settlement were found in the northwestern part of the town. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos [5]

Daco-Getic and Celtic people populated the area in classical times. Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " The Getae ( Greek: Γέται singular Γέτης was the name given by the Greeks to several Thracian tribes that occupied the regions south of the Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts In 514 BC, Darius I of Persia fought here a decisive battle against the Scythians. Events and trends 519 BC — Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed In Classical Antiquity, Scythia ( Greek Skuthia) was the area in Eurasia inhabited by the Scythians, from the 8th A trade post was also built in this town by the Greeks. A trading post is a place where the trading of goods takes place The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca

The town was taken by the Romans in 46 AD and became part of the Moesia province. Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the It was fortified and became the most important military and commercial city in the area. Its ruins are located 2km to the east of modern Isaccea on a hill known as Eski-Kale (Turkish for "Old Fortress"). [5] In Noviodunum was located the base of the lower Danube Roman fleet named Classis Flavia Moesica, then temporarily the headquarters of the Roman Legio V Macedonica and Legio I Iovia. The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state Legio V Macedonica ("Macedonian" was a Roman legion. It was probably originally levied by Consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Legio I Iovia ( devoted to Jupiter) was a Roman legion, levied by Emperor Diocletian (284-305 possibly together with II ''Herculia'' [5]

A treasure containing 1071 Roman coins was found about 3 km from the citadel, being buried during the rule of Gallienus (267), probably during the raids of the Goths and Heruli, who probably destroyed the fortress. Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus (218-268 ruled the Roman Empire as co-emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and then as the sole Roman Emperor Events By Place Roman Empire The Goths launch one of the first major barbarian invasions of the Roman Empire. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s The Heruli (spelled variously in Latin and Greek) were a nomadic Germanic people, who were subjugated by the Ostrogoths Huns and [6][5] The town also became a centre of the Christianity in the 4th century, in 1970s was found the grave of four Roman Christian martyrs named Zotic, Attal, Kamasie and Filip in nearby Niculiţel. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom Niculiţel (formerly Nicolitza, Nicoliţel, and Monaster) is a commune in Tulcea County, Romania.

In 369 an important battle was fought between the Romans, led by emperor Flavius Valens and the Thervingi led by Athanaric. Events By Place Roman Empire Athanaric, a Visigoth ruler fights against Valens at Isaccea. This article is about the Roman Emperor For other people called Valens see Valens Flavius Julius Valens ( Latin: DOMINVS The Thervingi, Tervingi, or Teruingi (sometimes pluralised "Tervings" or "Thervings" were a Gothic people of the Danubian plains west Athanaricus (died 381 was king of several branches of the Thervings for at least two decades in the fourth century. Valens' army crossed the river at Noviodunum (Isaccea) using a boat bridge and met the Gothic army in Bessarabia. A " bridge of boats " istype of Bridge which floats on water instead of having permanent pillars Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Although Valens obtained a victory for the Romans, they retreated and the Goths asked for a peace treaty, which was signed in the middle of the Danube, the Goths promising to never set foot on Roman soil. [7]

After the division of the Roman Empire, it became part of the Byzantine Empire and it was the most important Byzantine naval base on the Danube. Valips, a chieftain of Germanic Rugians (who were allies of the Huns), took Noviodunum sometimes between 434 and 441 and it was included in the Hunnish Empire[8], but it was soon retaken by the Byzantines and Justinian I built new fortifications and made it an episcopal see. The Rugians (Rugii were an East Germanic tribe whose ultimate origins have been traced to Rogaland in Norway, whose population probably was the The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy Events By Place Western Roman Empire Aëtius, a general in the service of emperor Valentinian III, holds power in Rome Events 8 November — The first Council of Orange is convened under the guidance of Hilary of Arles in Orange France. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or An episcopal see is the ecclesiastical domain of authority of a Bishop.

The Slavs began to settle in early 6th century and probably the earliest reference is Jordanes' book (written in 551) The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, which named the town Noviodunum as the southern extremity of the region were the "Sclaveni" lived. Jordanes (also Jordanis or even Iornandes) was a 6th century Roman Bureaucrat, who turned his hand to History later in life De origine actibusque Getarum (lit The Origin and Deeds of the Getae but referring to the Goths whom Jordanes considered Getae or the Getica [9]

The Byzantines lost the town in 602 to the migrating people (Avars and Slavs) and for almost four centuries, Isaccea faded from history. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Maurice, at war with the Avars and always dealing with the lack of money decrees that the army should The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan.

Mediaeval history

Around 950, Constantine Porphyrogenitus talks of six desert cities in the area, one being named Saka-katai, which could be the earliest mentioning of the town after it was lost to the migrating people during the Dark Age. Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos or Porphyrogenitus, "the Purple-born" ( Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ζ΄ Πορφυρογέννητος

In 971, Isaccea was once again included in the Byzantine Empire and the walls of kastron were reinforced. 971 was a year in the 10th century. Events By Place Europe Kenneth II of Scotland succeeds Culen The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military In 1036, the Pechenegs being driven southward by the Cumans, settled in Scythia Minor, including in this city, fact backed by archeological evidence, such as leaf-shaped pendants, characteristic to them. The Pechenegs or Patzinaks ( Turkish: Peçenekler, Hungarian: Besenyő, Greek: Patzinaki/Petsenegi or Πατζινάκοι/Πετσενέγοι/Πατζινακίται Cumans (Кумани Byzantine: Kuman or Cuman, Kunok Turkic: Kumanlar) were a nomadic Turkic people who inhabited a Scythia Minor, "Lesser Scythia" (Μικρά Σκυθία Mikrá Skythia) was in ancient times the region surrounded by the Danube at the north and A pendant (from Old French) is a hanging object generally attached to a Necklace or an Earring. The Pechenegs traded with the Byzantines, which led to a growth in the economic life of the region, as shown by the number of coins found in Isaccea, reaching 700 coins for the period of 1025-1055. However, the Pechenegs were eventually assimilated and faded from history.

The Byzantines regained control of Isaccea and around 1100, a double-curtain wall was built in Isaccea. [10]

Seal of Isaac II Angelos, found in Isaccea
Seal of Isaac II Angelos, found in Isaccea

In mid-12th century, Isaccea was devastated by Cuman attacks and it was completely rebuilt. In the second half of the 12th century it became the most important Byzantine military base in the region, suggested by the number of imperial seals found there: a seal of Isaac II Angelos (1185-1195) and one of John Vatatzes, the head of the Imperial Guard under Manuel I Komnenos (1143-1180). Isaac II Angelos or Angelus ( Greek: Ισαάκιος Β’ Άγγελος Isaakios II Angelos) (September 1156 &ndash January 1204 was Byzantine John III Doukas Vatatzes or Ducas Vatatzes ( Greek: Ιωάννης Γ΄ Δούκας Βατάτζης Iōannēs III Doukas Batatzēs) (c For the eldest son of Andronikos I Komnenos and father of Alexios I of Trebizond, see Manuel Komnenos (born 1145. [11]

In early 13th century, the Genoese navigators built near Isaccea a port named "Vicina" and by the end of that century there was a flourishing community which lead by a consul and was under Byzantine jurisdiction. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire The area fell under rule of Theodore Svetoslav (1300-1321) who took the control over all Dobruja, however the Genoese refused to continue trade under Bulgarian rule, because of the customs they'd have to pay when trading with the Byzantine Empire. Theodore Svetoslav ( Bulgarian: Тодор Светослав Todor Svetoslav and also Теодор Светослав Teodor Svetoslav) ruled as emperor After his death, the Tatars gained its control. [12]

However by 1331/1332, Vicina was again under Byzantine rule and in 1337/1338, it was occupied by the Tatars. The Metropolitan of Vicina, Makarios, however promised to the Patriarch of Constantinople that he would flee even though they were under pagan rule. The Genoese did not flee either, but soon the town's importance faded. [13]

The Nogai Tatars settled in the town in late 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, according to the Arab chronicles. [14] Abulfeda mentioned the town, placing it in the territory of the "Al-Ualak" (Wallachs), having a population mostly Turkic and being ruled by the Byzantines. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania . [15] A Byzantine despotate existed in Northern Dobruja with Isaccea as its centre, which sometimes between 1332 and 1337 became a vassal of the Golden Horde of Nogais under the name "Saqčï". A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe, This article refers to the medieval Turkic state For the Irish rock band see The Golden Horde (band. The Nogai people (also written as Nogay or Noghai, and sometimes called Caucasian Mongols) are a Turkic ethnic group in northern [16]

The Tatars held an important mint in Isaccea, which minted coins marked with Greek and Arabic letters between the years 1286 and 1351. Various types of silver and copper coins were minted, including coins bearing the mark of the Golden Horde with the names of the khans as well as the names of Nogai Khan and his son Čeke (minted between 1296-1301). Nogai Khan (died 1299 also called Kara Nogai (Black Nogai was a General and de facto ruler of the Golden Horde and a great-grandson of Genghis Chaka (Чака reigned as emperor ( Tsar) of Bulgaria from 1299 to 1300 [17]

In late 14th century it was ruled by Mircea cel Bătrân, became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1417, regained by Vlad Ţepeş in 1462 during his campaigns against the Ottoman Empire, but in 1484 it was taken again by the Ottomans, being included in the Silistra (Özi) Province, which comprised Dobruja, much of present-day Bulgaria, and later also Budjak and Yedisan. Mircea the Elder ( cel Bătrân; reigned 1386 – 1418 was one of the most important rulers of Wallachia. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Silistra Province ( Turkish: Silistre Eyaleti) sometimes called Özi Province was an Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire along Budjak or Budzhak is a historical region in the Odessa Oblast (province of Ukraine. Yedisan (also Jedisan or Edisan) is a historical region in modern southwestern Ukraine and southeastern Moldova (southern Transnistria The Ottomans built in Isaccea a fort for defending their northern border. On 6 October 1598, Mihai Viteazul defeated the Ottoman army at Isaccea, recapturing the town, but this lasted only a short time, since after Mihai's death in 1601, the town was regained by the Ottomans. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul Vitéz Mihály 1558 - 9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (1593-1601 of Transylvania

In December 1673, at the Ottoman army camp in Isaccea, Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino was chosen Prince of Moldavia. This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862 when it united [18]

Modern history

During the wars between the Russians and the Turks of the 18th and 19th centuries, it occupied by each side for several times, being several times set on fire and almost completely destroyed. The Russo-Turkish wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire during the 16th 17th 18th 19th and 20th centuries

During the Prut Campaign (1711), the Russians tried to block the Ottomans crossing of the Danube at Isaccea, but failing to do so, the two armies clashed at Stănileşti, on the Prut River. The Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1711 was the southernmost theatre of the Great Northern War between Sweden and many of its neighbors Stănileşti (formerly Stălineşti and Stălineştii) is a commune in Vaslui County, Romania. Prut, or Pruth, (Прут is a 953 km long river in Eastern Europe. [19]

Isaccea was besieged three times in the 1770s: in 1770, 1771 and 1779: in 1771, it was conquered by the Russians in the wake of the Battle of Kagul, the Russians destroying the fortifications and the mosques. Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a During the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829, the town was again overrun by the Russians. The Russo–Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence. However, unlike many other settlements in the region, it was not razed, but after ten years of devastating war, only 150 houses were still standing. In 1853, during the Crimean War, it was sieged again by the Russians, before the war theatre moved to Crimea. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым

A local legend explains the existence of a mound near the old bridge this way: during the Russo-Turkish wars a Turkish general accused of treason was buried alive (horse included), each of his soldiers being forced to bring a fez full of dirt and throw it over the general. The fez ( Greek: Φέσι Turkish: fes plural fezzes or fezes) or Tarboosh طربوش, not to be confused with North

After the Independence War of Romania (1877-1878) against the Ottoman Empire, the town became part of the new state of Romania. See also Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878 The Romanian War of Independence was fought in 1877 against the Ottoman Empire. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After the Crimean War, a European Danube Commission was established, which decided to clear the silt between at the mouths of the Danube, between Isaccea and the Black Sea, however the increased trade on the Danube affected little Isaccea. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay

In 1915, Nicolae Iorga described Isaccea as "a gathering of small and humble houses spread over a hill slope".

Population

The majority of the population is formed by Orthodox Christian Romanians, but there is also a 4% minority of Muslim Turks. The Romanian Orthodox Church ( Biserica Ortodoxă Română in Romanian) is a Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language In 1518, there were 256 Christian houses[20].

Demographic evolution of Isaccea between 1828 and 2002
1828 1912 1930 1948 1956 1966 1977 1992 2002
784 4,112 4,576 4,653 5,203 5,059 5,347 5,639 5,374
A 1861 map shows the ethnic groups of northern Dobruja. Around Isaccea (Isaktcha), most of the inhabitants were Romanians ("Moldavians" on the map, in blue)
A 1861 map shows the ethnic groups of northern Dobruja. Demography is the statistical study of all Populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population that is one that changes over Around Isaccea (Isaktcha), most of the inhabitants were Romanians ("Moldavians" on the map, in blue)

Ethnic structure

In 1828, there were 363 Romanians, 183 Turks, 163 Cossacks, 29 Greeks, 20 Jews and 3 Armenians[5]

According to the 2002 Romanian census, the ethnic structure of the population of Isaccea was the following:

Ethnicity Number Percentage
Romanian 5,118 95. 23%
Turkish 208 3. 87%
Ukrainian 21 0. 39%
Other ethnicities 27 0. 51%

Religion

Religion Number Percentage
Orthodoxy 5,099 94. 88%
Islam 223 4. 14%
Baptists 30 0. 55%
Old Calendarists 14 0. The Old Calendar Romanian Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă de Stil Vechi din România is an Orthodox Church that uses the old-style Julian calendar. 26%
Other/none 8 0. 17%

According to the 2002 census, 95. 7% of the population spoke Romanian and 3. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance 8% Turkish as their first language. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages.

Economy

The town has long been a station in the trade between the eastern Mediterranean and the continental eastern Europe. The Greeks built their first trade post around 2700 years ago and trade continued after the Roman and later Byzantine and Ottoman takeovers. In the 16th century, the town was located on the Moldavian-Ottoman border and its bazaar was one of the four most important trading posts in the Dobruja, with tradesmen coming from distant places, such as Chios or Ragusa. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated The Republic of [21] The main traded goods were cattle, sheep, wine, cloth and wood. [22]The town lost its influence in the 19th century, as the sea and river transport was mostly replaced by train and later road transport and as the Danube traffic navigates on the Danube-Black Sea Canal. The Danube-Black Sea Canal (Canalul Dunăre-Marea Neagră is a Canal in Romania which runs from Cernavodă on the Danube to Agigea

Much of the local economy is based on agriculture, especially animal husbandry and fishing. Animal husbandry, also called Animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agricultural practice of breeding For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Industry is based on extraction of rock from a nearby quarry and woodworking, there is also a pig farm, a tobacco processing factory and a winery. A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted Woodworking is the process of building making or carving something using Wood. A winery is a building or property that produces Wine, or a business involved in the production of wine such as a wine company. A gas pipeline that brings natural gas from Russia to the Balkans goes through the town. The town is also a port on the Danube.

Local attractions

Notes

  1. ^ "Ultimul lazaret", in 'Ziua March 21, 2006
  2. ^ Brezeanu, p. Ziua ( The Day in Romanian) is a major Romanian daily newspaper published in Bucharest. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 41–50
  3. ^ Alexiad, Book Six
  4. ^ Iorga, Les premières. . .
  5. ^ a b c d e Integratio: Isaccea, History
  6. ^ Dicţionar de istorie veche p 431-432
  7. ^ Ammianus Marcellinus, book 15
  8. ^ Thompson, p. 269-270
  9. ^ Jordanes, V. 35
  10. ^ Curta, p. 302
  11. ^ Curta, p. 319-320
  12. ^ Vasary, p. 161
  13. ^ Vasary, p. 162
  14. ^ Stănciugel et al. p. 45
  15. ^ Stănciugel et al. p. 55
  16. ^ Vasary, p. 90
  17. ^ Vasary, p. 89-90
  18. ^ Gheonea, Dumitraşcu Cantacuzino. . .
  19. ^ LeDonne, p. 40
  20. ^ Beldiceanu et al. , p. 55
  21. ^ Stănciugel et al. p. 138
  22. ^ Beldiceanu et al. , p. 55

References

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic