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Rabbi Isaac ben Jacob Alfasi (1013 - 1103) - also Isaac Hakohen, Alfasi or the Rif (רי"ף) - was a Talmudist and posek (decisor in matters of halakha - Jewish law). This list is about Writers from Morocco. For writers from Andalusia see after Z. Moroccan literature is a Literature written in (Moroccan Arabic, Berber or French, and of course particularly by people of Morocco Moroccan Arabic (also known as Darija, الدارجة) is the variety of Arabic spoken in the Arabic -speaking areas of Morocco Nomenclature The term Berber has been used in Europe since at least the 17th century and is still used today Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of Literature and of the methods for analyzing literature Sidi Abderrahman el Majdoub (also transcribed as 'Mejdub' is a Moroccan poet Mohamed Choukri ( Arabic: محمد شكري; July 15, 1935 — November 15, 2003) was a Moroccan Author who is Tahar Ben Jelloun ( Arabic: طاهر بنجلون (born in Fes Morocco, December 1, 1944) is a Moroccan Poet and Mohamed Zafzaf (1942-2001 was a Moroccan Novelist and Poet from Kenitra writing in Classical Arabic. Edmond Amran El Maleh or El-Mareh (born 30 March, 1917) is one of the best known Moroccan writers Driss Chraïbi ( July 15, 1926, El Jadida &ndash April 1, 2007, Drôme, France) was a Moroccan Fatema or Fatima Mernissi (فاطمة مرنيسي is a Moroccan Feminist writer and Sociologist. Joannes Leo Africanus was the Latin name of Hasan ibn Muhammed al-Wazzan al-Fasi ( Granada 1488? &ndash 1554? Mohammed Khair-Eddine (محمد خيرالدين was amongst the most famous Moroccan literary figures of the 20th century The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Posek ( Hebrew פוסק po·ˈseq pl Poskim, פוסקים is the term in Jewish law for "decider"—a legal scholar who decides the Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law He is best known for his work of halakha, the legal code Sefer Ha-halachot, considered the first fundamental work in halakhic literature. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law He was born near Fes in Morocco, and spent the majority of his career there, and is therefore known as Alfasi ("of Fes" in Arabic ); Rif is the Hebrew acronym of "Rabbi Isaac alFasi". Fes or Fez ( Arabic: فاس, French Fès is the fourth largest City in Morocco, after Casablanca, Rabat Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name [1]
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Biography
Alfasi was born in Kalatt ibnn Hammad, a village near the suburbs of Fess in Morocco. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa He studied in Kairouan, Tunisia under Rabbeinu Nissim Ben Jacob and Rabbeinu Chananel Ben Chushiel the recognized rabbinical authorities of the age. Kairouan ( Arabic القيروان (also known as Kirwan, Al Qayrawan) is a Muslim holy city which ranks after Mecca, Medina Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Nissim Ben Jacob ( Rav Nissim Gaon, 990-1062 Hebrew: ניסים בן יעקב) was a Rabbi and Talmudist best known today for his Talmudic Chananel ben Chushiel or Hananel ben Hushiel (חננאל בן חושיאל was a Rabbi, Talmudist and a student of one of the last Geonim. Rabbeinu Chananel trained Alfasi to deduce and to clarify the Halakha from Talmudic sources, and Alfasi then conceived of the idea of compiling a comprehensive work that would present all of the practical conclusions of the Gemara in a clear, definitive manner. Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law The Gemara (also transliterated Gemora or less commonly Gemorra) (from Aramaic גמרא gamar; literally " study" To achieve this goal, he worked for ten consecutive years in his father-in-law's attic.
In 1045, the “heterodox sects in the city were severely persecuted, and the Jews, with the rest, suffered greatly"; see History of Tunisia, History of the Jews in Tunisia. Tunisia has had a Jewish minority since Roman times. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105000 but by 1967 most Tunisian Jews had As a result, the city's Jewish residents fled; Alfasi moved to Fes with his wife and two children. Fes' Jewish community undertook to support him and his family so that he could work on his Sefer Ha-halachot undisturbed. They also founded a yeshiva in his honor, and many students throughout Morocco came to study under his guidance. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n The most famous of his many students is Rabbi Judah Halevi, author of the Kuzari; he also taught Rabbi Joseph ibn Migash (the Ri Migash), who was in turn a teacher of Rabbi Maimon, father and teacher of Maimonides (Rambam). Yehuda Halevi, in full Yehuda ben Shemuel Ha-Levi, also Judah Halevi, or Judah ben Samuel Halevi ( Hebrew: יהודה הלוי) (c The Kuzari is one of most famous works of the medieval Spanish Jewish philosopher and poet Rabbi Yehuda Halevi. Joseph ben Meir ibn Migash or Migas (1077 - 1141 ( יוסף בן מאיר הלוי אבן מיגאש) was a Rabbi, Posek, and Rosh Yeshiva Moses Maimonides ( March 30 1135 – December 13 1204) also known as the Rambam, was a Rabbi, Physician, and
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Alfasi remained in Fes for 40 years, during which time he completed his Sefer Ha-halachot. Zugot (תְּקוּפָת הַזּוּגוֹת ( (təqūphāth hazZūghôth) refers to the period during the time of the Second Temple (515 BCE - 70 CE in which word /š n/ and /t n/ --> Geonim ( Hebrew: גאונים also transliterated Gaonim) were the presidents of the two great rabbinical colleges of Sura Eventually, he became known as Alfasi ("from Fes"); Rif is an acronym of Rabbi Isaac alFasi. In 1088, when an old man of seventy-five, two informers denounced him to the government upon some unknown charge. He left Fes for Spain, eventually becoming head of the yeshiva in Lucena in 1089. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Rosh yeshiva, ( pl. Heb. Roshei yeshiva; Yeshivish Rosh yeshivas) (ראש ישיבה is the title given to the dean of Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Lucena (pop 46000 is a town in southern Spain, in the province of Córdoba, in Andalusia, 60 km southeast
In a sense, Alfasi brought the geonic period to a close - the last of the Babylonian geonim, Rav Hai Gaon, died when Alfasi was 25 years old; Alfasi himself was called Gaon by several early halachic authorities. Geonim ( Hebrew: גאונים also transliterated Gaonim) were the presidents of the two great rabbinical colleges of Sura Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq Hai ben Sherira, better known as Hai Gaon, was a medieval Jewish theologian Rabbi and scholar who served as Gaon of the Talmudic academy His "magnanimous character" is illustrated by two incidents. When his opponent Rabbeinu Isaac Albalia died, Alfasi adopted Albalia's son. When Alfasi was himself on the point of death, he recommended as his successor in the Lucena rabbinate, not his own son, but his pupil Rabbi Joseph ibn Migash. Joseph ben Meir ibn Migash or Migas (1077 - 1141 ( יוסף בן מאיר הלוי אבן מיגאש) was a Rabbi, Posek, and Rosh Yeshiva
Works
Sefer ha-Halachot (ספר ההלכות; also referred to as "the Hilchot of the Rif") extracts all the pertinent legal decisions from the three Talmudic orders Moed, Nashim and Nezikin as well as the tractates of Berachot and Chulin - 24 tractates in all. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Moed ("Festivals" is the second Order of the Mishnah, the first written recording of the Oral Torah of the Jewish people (also the Tosefta and Talmud Nashim ("Women" or "Wives" is the third order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud) containing the laws related to women For Jewish law on damages see Damages (Jewish law Nezikin ( Hebrew: נזיקין Damages) or Seder Nezikin Alfasi transcribed the Talmud's halakhic conclusions verbatim, without the surrounding deliberations; he also excludes all Aggadic (non-legal, homiletic) matter as well as discussion of the halakha practicable only in Land of Israel. Aggadah ( Aramaic אגדה tales lore pl Aggadot or (Ashkenazi Aggados) refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic exegetical Homiletics ( Gr homiletikos, from homilos, to assemble together in Theology the application of the general principles of Rhetoric Halakha ( הלכה; alternative transliterations include Halocho and Halacha) is the collective body of Jewish Religious law For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is Maimonides wrote that Alfasi's work "has superseded all the geonic codes…for it contains all the decisions and laws which we need in our day…". Moses Maimonides ( March 30 1135 – December 13 1204) also known as the Rambam, was a Rabbi, Physician, and
Sefer ha-Halachot plays a fundamental role in the development of Halakha. Firstly, "the Rif" succeeded in producing a Digest, which became the object of close study, and led in its turn to the great Codes of Maimonides and of Rabbi Joseph Karo. Yosef ben Ephraim Caro (sometimes Joseph Caro) (1488 ( Portugal) - March 24, 1575 ( Safed, Ottoman Empire) was one of the Secondly, it served as one of the "Three Pillars of Halakha", as an authority underpinning both the Arba'ah Turim and the Shulkhan Arukh. Arba'ah Turim (ארבעה טורים often called simply the Tur, is an important Halakhic code, composed by Yaakov ben Asher The Shulchan Aruch (שולחן ערוך literally " Set Table " (also Shulhan Aruch or Shulchan Arukh) is a Codification Rabbi Nissim of Gerona (the RaN) compiled a detailed and explicit commentary on this work; In yeshivot "the Rif and the RaN" are regularly studied as part of the daily Talmudic schedule. Rabbi Nissim ben Reuven (1320 - 1380 Hebrew: נסים בן ראובן) of Girona, Catalonia was an influential Talmudist and authority Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n
This work was published prior to the times of Rashi and other commentaries, and resulted in a profound change in the study practices of the scholarly Jewish public in that it opened the world of the gemara to the public at large. For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi The Gemara (also transliterated Gemora or less commonly Gemorra) (from Aramaic גמרא gamar; literally " study" It soon became known as the Talmud Katan ("Little Talmud"). At the close of the Middle Ages, when the Talmud was banned in Italy, Alfasi's code was exempted so that from the 16th to the 19th centuries his work was the primary subject of study of the Italian Jewish community. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Alfasi also occupies an important place in the development of the Sephardi method of studying the Talmud. Sephardi Jews ( Hebrew: ספרדי, Standard Səfardi Tiberian Səp̄arədî; plural In contradistinction to the Ashkenazi approach, the Sephardim sought to simplify the Talmud and free it from casuistical detail; see for e. Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Casuistry (ˈkæʒuːɨstri is an Applied ethics term referring to case-based Reasoning. g. Chananel Ben Chushiel. Chananel ben Chushiel or Hananel ben Hushiel (חננאל בן חושיאל was a Rabbi, Talmudist and a student of one of the last Geonim.
The Rif also left many responsa. Responsa ( Latin: plural of responsum, "answers" comprise a body of written decisions and rulings given by Legal scholars in response to questions These were originally written in Arabic, and were soon translated into Hebrew as "She'elot u-Teshuvot ha-RIF". Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language See History of Responsa: Eleventh century. History of responsa in Judaism spans a period of 1700 years Responsa constitute a special class of Rabbinic literature, differing in form,
References
- ^ Jacob Neusner, Alan Jeffery Avery-Peck (2003). Blackwell Companion to Judaism. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1577180593.
External links
- The Rif, tzemachdovid. org
- Alfasi, jewishvirtuallibrary. org
- Alfasi jewishgates. com
- Alfasi, jewishencyclopedia. com