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Location of Veleia and other Roman cities in the context of ancient Basque tribes and the modern Basque Country
Location of Veleia and other Roman cities in the context of ancient Basque tribes and the modern Basque Country

Veleia was an ancient Roman town in the southern Basque Country. The Basque Country ( Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community in northern Spain. The town was an important station on the Roman road ab Asturicam Burdigalam that ran parallel to the coast of the Bay of Biscay. The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Cantabrian Sea redirects here Not to be confused with Biscay Bay Newfoundland and Labrador or Biscayne Bay. At its apogee, the city could have been inhabited by some five to ten thousand people.

The archaeological site of Iruña-Veleia, located in the municipality of Iruña-Oka, 10 kilometers west of Vitoria-Gasteiz, is one of the most important from the Roman period in the Basque Country. Iruña de Oca (Iruña Oka is a town located in the province of Álava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain. Unique findings unearthed include the oldest known texts written in the Basque language as well as the oldest representation of the crucifixion of Christ found to date. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain "Golgotha" redirects here For other uses see Golgotha (disambiguation. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE)

Contents

Chronology

Bronze and Iron ages

The town was originally founded in the 8th century BC, in the Late Bronze Age. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for The houses from this period, rectangular and round with adobe walls and thatched roofs, are similar to those found at the nearby site of Atxa (Vitoria-Gasteiz).

Roman period

In the first half of the 1st century some of these houses were replaced by others of Roman style (domus). The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. A domus was the form of house that wealthy and some Middle class families owned in Ancient Rome and could be found in almost all the major cities of the This architectural romanization continued as the century advanced.

The late Roman city (3rd and 4th centuries) is better known. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century It shows signs of decay and the construction of a wall that encloses an eleven hectare area. The town survived into the 5th century after Roman power had disappeared from the region, but by the end of the century only burial plots in abandoned buildings are found. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era.

Modern age

There was an abbey at the site at least since the 16th century whose buildings remained visible until the mid 19th century. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

Findings

Basque texts

Iruña-Veleia has yielded the oldest non-onomastical texts in Basque. Onomastics or onomatology is the study of proper Names of all kinds and the origins of names Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain These texts were in a filling under a house. Among the rubble a large number of potshards with brief texts in Basque have been found. Some of the texts made public so far are the following [1] (showing also modern rendering and translation):

Dating of these texts is not yet conclusive, but they are believed to belong to the Roman period because they use the Latin alphabet rather than the Iberian syllabary, were written on ceramica sigillata of clear Roman style, and were used as filling in the foundations of a house. The Iberian language was the language of a people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Nuclear spectroscopic analysis by the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique indicates that the texts could not have been buried more recently than the 3rd century. [2]

Epigraphic set

In the Domus de Pompeia Valentina, built in the 1st century and inhabited continuously until the 5th, a sealed room has yielded an epigraphic set described as "among the most important in the Roman world"[3]. Among the findings are:

The importance of this epigraphic set has been compared to those found in Pompeii, Rome and Vindolanda (England). Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples and Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, in Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Vindolanda was a Roman auxiliary Fort ( castrum) located at Chesterholm just south of Hadrian's Wall in northern England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Gara: Los textos hallados en Iruña-Veleia están escritos "inequívocamente en euskera".
  2. ^ Gara: Confirman la autenticidad de los textos hallados en Iruña-Veleia
  3. ^ Iruña-Veleia: Presentation of the epigraphic set

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