- For artifacts or architectural features made of iron, see ironwork. Ironwork is any Weapon, artwork, Utensil or architectural feature made of Iron especially used for decoration
For the record label, see
Ironworks (record label).
Ironworks is a small Independent record label created and owned by the lead actor of the Fox TV hit series 24, Kiefer Sutherland, and his long
Aerial view of Třinec Iron and Steel Works
An ironworks or iron works is a building or site where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and/or steel products are made. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of Extractive metallurgy. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 The term is both singular and plural, i. e. the plural of ironworks is ironworks.
An integrated ironworks in the 19th century usually included one or more blast furnaces and a number of puddling furnaces and/or a foundry with or without other kinds of ironworks. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
The processes carried at ironworks are usually described as ferrous metallurgy, but the term siderurgy is also occasionally used. This is derived from the Greek words sideros - iron and ergon or ergos - work. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly This is an unusual term in English, and it is best regarded as an anglicisation of a term used in French, Spanish, and other Romance languages. Anglicisation or anglicization (see -ise vs -ize) is a process of conversion of verbal or written elements of any other language into a more comprehensible English French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all
Varieties of Ironworks
Primary Ironmaking
Blast furnaces of Třinec Iron and Steel Works
Worker in a Foundry
Ironworks is used as an omnibus term covering works undertaking one or more iron-producing processes. Such processes or species of ironworks where they were undertaken include the following (the detailed articles on each process should be consulted) or alternatively the History of Ferrous Metallurgy:
- bloomeries - where bar iron was produced from iron ore by direct reduction;
- Blast furnaces - which made pig iron (or sometimes finished cast iron goods) from iron ore;
- foundries - where pig iron was remelted in an air furnace or in a foundry cupola to produce cast iron goods;
- finery forges - which fined pig iron to produce bar iron, using charcoal as fuel in a finery (hearth) and coal or charcoal in a chafery (hearth);
- potting and stamping forges with melting fineries using the first process in which bar iron was made from pig iron with mineral coal or coke, without the use of charcoal;
- puddling furnaces - a later process for the same purpose, again with coke as fuel. The history of ferrous metallurgy began far back in Prehistory, most likely with the use of Iron from Meteorites The Smelting of iron in A bloomery is a type of Furnace once widely used for Smelting Iron from its oxides. QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical Furnace used for Smelting to produce metals generally Iron. Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but identifies a large group of Ferrous Alloys which solidify with a Eutectic. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted A foundry is a Factory which produces Metal Castings from either Ferrous or non-ferrous alloys Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux Iron tapped from the Blast furnace is Pig iron, and contains significant amounts of Carbon and Silicon. Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation Fuel is any material that is burned or altered in order to obtain energy QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. Pig iron is the intermediate product of Smelting Iron ore with coke, usually with Limestone as a flux Coke is a solid Carbonaceous material derived from Destructive distillation of low-ash low-sulfur Bituminous coal. Charcoal' is the blackish residue consisting of impure Carbon obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from Animal and Vegetation Puddling was an Industrial Revolution means of making iron and Steel. Coke is a solid Carbonaceous material derived from Destructive distillation of low-ash low-sulfur Bituminous coal. It was usually necessary for there to be a preliminary refining process in a coke refinery (also called running out furnace). After puddling, the puddled ball needed shingling (metallurgy) and then to be drawn out into bar iron in a rolling mills. Shingling was a stage in the production of bar iron or Steel, in the finery and puddling processes QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. A rolling mill is a Machine or Factory for shaping Metal by passing it between a pair of Work rolls.
Modern Steelmaking
From the 1850s, pig iron might be partly decarburised to produce mild steel using one of the following:
- The Bessemer process in a Bessemer converter, improved by the Gilchrist-Thomas process;
- The Siemens-Martin process in an Open hearth furnace;
- Electric arc furnace, introduced in 1907;
- Basic oxygen steelmaking, introduced in 1952. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman Carbon steel, also called plain carbon steel, is Steel where the main alloying constituent is Carbon. The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive Industrial process for the mass-production of Steel from molten Pig iron. Sidney Gilchrist Thomas ( April 16, 1850 - February 1, 1885) was an English inventor Open hearth furnaces are one of a number of kinds of Furnace where excess carbon and other impurities are burnt out of Pig iron to produce steel. An electric arc furnace (EAF is a Furnace that heats charged material by means of an Electric arc. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Basic oxygen steelmaking ( BOS BOF Linz-Donawitz-Verfahren LD-converter) is a method of Steelmaking in which carbon-rich molten iron is made into Steel Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
For this period see History of the modern steel industry and Steelmaking. The history of the modern steel industry began in the late 1850s, but since then Steel has been basic to the world's industrial economy Steelmaking is the second step in producing Steel from Iron ore.
Further processing
After bar iron had been produced in a finery forge or in the forge train of a rolling mill, it might undergo further processes in one of the following:
- A slitting mill - which cut a flat bar into rod iron suitable for making into nails. The slitting mill was a Watermill for slitting bars of Iron into rods In Engineering, Woodworking and Construction, a nail is a pin -shaped sharp object of hard Metal, typically Steel,
- A tinplate works - where rolling mills made sheets of iron (later of steel), which were coated with tin. Tinplate is sheet steel covered with a thin layer of Tin. Before the advent of cheap mild steel the backing metal was iron. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50
- A plating forge with a tilt hammer, a lighter hammer with a rapid stroke rate, enabling the production of thinner iron, suitable for the manufacture of knives, other cutlery, and so on. A trip hammer (alt helve hammer) is a massive powered Hammer, usually raised by a Cam and then released to fall under the force of gravity. A knife is a handheld sharp-edged instrument consisting of handle attached to a Blade used for cutting Cutlery refers to any hand Implement used in preparing serving and especially eating Food in the Western world.
- A cementation furnace might be used to convert the bar iron (if it was pure enough) into blister steel by the cementation process, either as an end in itself or as the raw material for crucible steel. QtubIronPillarJPG|thumb|right| Iron pillar at Delhi India containing 98% wrought iron]] Wrought iron is commercially pure Iron. The cementation process is an obsolete technique for making Steel by Carburization of Iron. The cementation process is an obsolete technique for making Steel by Carburization of Iron. Crucible steel describes a number of different techniques for making Steel Alloy by slowly heating and cooling pure Iron and Carbon (typically
Manufacture
Most of these processes did not produce finished goods. Further processes were often manual, including
- Manufacturing by blacksmiths or more specialist kind of smith. blacksmith is a person who creates objects from Iron or Steel by Forging the Metal; i
- It might be used in shipbuilding. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a
In the context of the iron industry, the term manufacture is best reserved for this final stage.
Particularly notable ironworks
Great Britain
United States of America
Czech Republic
Spain
Ironworks in Popular Culture
- In the computer game Civilization IV, the ironworks is a national wonder that greatly increases the production of the city that it is built in which has access to coal and iron. The Cyfarthfa Ironworks was a major 18th century and 19th century Ironworks located in Cyfarthfa on the north-western edge of Merthyr Tydfil, in South Wales Merthyr Tydfil today Government The current Borough boundaries date back to 1974 when the former county borough of Merthyr Tydfil expanded slightly to cover Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Morgannwg is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. The Dowlais Ironworks was a major Ironworks and Steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales. Merthyr Tydfil today Government The current Borough boundaries date back to 1974 when the former county borough of Merthyr Tydfil expanded slightly to cover The Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company Limited was a Shipyard and Iron works based at Leamouth, the junction of Bow Creek and the The Thames ( is a major River flowing through southern England. Bath Iron Works (BIW is a Shipyard located on the Kennebec River in Bath Maine. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean The Burden Iron Works was an Iron works and industrial complex on the Hudson River and Wynantskill Creek in Troy New York. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Cambria Iron Company is a National Historic Landmark located in Johnstown Pennsylvania. Johnstown is a city in Cambria County, Pennsylvania, United States, miles east of Pittsburgh Tredegar Iron Works is an historic iron foundry in Richmond Virginia, United States of America. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Třinec Iron and Steel Works (TŽ (Třinecké železárny Huta trzyniecka is a producer of long rolled Steel products in Třinec, Moravian-Silesian Region Třinec ( pronounced, Polish:, Trzynietz is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Altos Hornos de Vizcaya was a Ironworks business that began in 1902 in Bilbao with the merger of three iron and steel businesses Altos Hornos de Bilbao Bilbao, (also Bilbo) in the North of Spain, is the largest city in the Basque Country and the capital of the province of Biscay (Basque Sid Meier's Civilization IV ( Civilization 4 or Civ4) is a Turn-based strategy computer game released in Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26
- Ironworks is also the name of a live music venue in Inverness, Scotland
Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland.
Dictionary
ironworks
-noun
- A factory in which iron is manufactured or iron goods are made
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