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The Iron Pagoda of Kaifeng, China, built in 1049 AD during the Song Dynasty.
The Iron Pagoda of Kaifeng, China, built in 1049 AD during the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

The Iron Pagoda (鐵塔) of Youguo Temple (佑國寺), Kaifeng City, Henan province, is a Buddhist Chinese pagoda built in 1049 AD during the Song Dynasty (960–1279) of China. Youguo Temple ( is a Buddhist Monastery complex located northeast of Kaifeng, in Henan province, China. Kaifeng ( formerly known as Bianliang ( Bianjing ( Daliang ( or simply Liang ( is a Prefecture-level city in eastern Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The Chinese Pagoda is a Landmark in Birmingham, England. It is a stone carving of a Chinese pagoda, carved in Fujian, China The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era (The name of the pagoda refers to the color of the building, not the metal. ) It was a brick pagoda tower built on the location of a previous wooden pagoda that had been burnt down by lightning fire in 1044 AD. A pagoda is the general term in the English language for a tiered Tower with multiple Eaves common in China, Japan, Korea Along with the Liuhe, Lingxiao, Liaodi, Pizhi, and Beisi pagodas, it is seen as a masterpiece of Song Dynasty architecture. Liuhe Pagoda ( literally Six Harmonies Pagoda or Six Harmonies Tower, is multi-storied Chinese Pagoda in southern Hangzhou, Zhejiang The Lingxiao Pagoda ( is a Chinese pagoda west of the Xinglong Temple in Zhengding, Hebei Province China. The Liaodi Pagoda ( of Kaiyuan Monastery Dingzhou, Hebei Province China is the tallest existing pre-modern Chinese pagoda, built in the The Pizhi Pagoda ( is an 11th century Chinese pagoda located at Lingyan Temple, Changqing near Jinan, Shandong province China. The Beisi Pagoda ( or North Temple Pagoda is a Chinese pagoda located at Bao'en Temple in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province China.

Contents

Architecture

This octagonal-base structure stands at a current height of 56. Regular octagons A regular octagon is an octagon whose sides are all the same length and whose internal angles are all the same size 88 meters (186. 56 feet), with a total of 13 stories. [1] It is a solid-core brick tower with an inner spiral stone staircase and outside openings to allow light and air flow. [2] The architectural style features densely positioned, articlulated dougong in the eaves (miyan) and multiple stories (louge). Articulation, in art and architecture is first of all a joint Dougong ( is a unique structural element of interlocking wooden brackets, one of the most important elements in traditional Chinese, Japanese, and An eave is the edge of a Roof. Eaves usually project beyond the side of the building generally to provide weather protection [2] The exterior features more than fifty different varieties of glazed brick and 1,600 intricate and richly detailed carvings, including those of sitting Buddha, standing monks, singers and dancers, flowers, lions, dragons and other legendary beasts as well as many fine engravings. Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder [3] Under the eaves are 104 bells that ring in the wind. A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. The foundation rests in the silt of the Yellow River. Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the [4] Inside the Iron Pagoda are frescos of the classical Chinese tale, the Journey to the West. Fresco (plural either frescos or frescoes) is any of several related Painting types done on Plaster on walls or Journey to the West ( is one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. [5]

History

In the Northern Song (960–1127) dynasty's capital city of Kaifeng, the famous architect Yu Hao built a magnificent wooden pagoda as part of Youguo Temple (between 965–995 AD) that was considered by many of his contemporaries to be a marvel of art. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. Kaifeng ( formerly known as Bianliang ( Bianjing ( Daliang ( or simply Liang ( is a Prefecture-level city in eastern Yu Hao ( fl 970 AD was an eminent Chinese Structural engineer and Architect during the Song Dynasty period ( 960 - 1279 A pagoda is the general term in the English language for a tiered Tower with multiple Eaves common in China, Japan, Korea Youguo Temple ( is a Buddhist Monastery complex located northeast of Kaifeng, in Henan province, China. [6] It was thirteen stories and 120 meters high. Unfortunately, the widely admired structure burned down in 1044 after a lightning strike. Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or [6] Under the order of Emperor Renzong (1022–1063), a new pagoda was built in its place by 1049. Emperor Renzong ( May 30, 1010 &ndash April 30, 1063) was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. The new tower was built of nonflammable brick and stone and was dubbed the 'Iron Pagoda' due its iron-grey color when viewed from afar (its bricks are in fact glazed red, brown, blue, and green). In 1847 the Yellow River overflowed its banks and the Youguo Temple collapsed, but the Iron Pagoda survived. Historically, the pagoda has experienced 38 earthquakes, six floods and many other disasters, but it remains intact after almost 1000 years. [7][4]

In 1994, the Iron Pagoda was featured on a two-yuan Chinese postage stamp. [8]

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ Chinadaily. The architecture of the Song Dynasty (960–1279 was based upon the accomplishments of its predecessors much like every subsequent dynastic period of China. com. cn (2003). Iron Pagoda. Ministry of Culture. Retrieved on 2007-03-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
  2. ^ a b Daiheng, Gao (2002). Chinese Architecture -- The Lia, Song, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties, English Ed. , Yale University Press, p. 166, 183. ISBN 0-300-09559-7.  
  3. ^ Mount Wutaishan in Shanxi Province. www. chinatravel. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
  4. ^ a b Iron Pagoda. China Culture. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
  5. ^ Harper, Damian (2005). China. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1740596870. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius  
  6. ^ a b Needham, Joseph; Gwei-Djen, Lu & Wang, Ling (1971), Science and Civilisation in China, volume 4, part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 81–82, ISBN 0521070600, DOI 10. 2277/0521070600 
  7. ^ Youguo Temple Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng of Henan Province. china. org. Retrieved on 2007-09-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius
  8. ^ 1994-21: Pagodas of Ancient China - 1994. chinesestamps. org. Retrieved on 2007-09-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself

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